Hydrous pyrolysis(HP)practiced on type-Ⅱ kerogen-bearing oil shale samples from the Sargelu Formation in the Ghali-Kuh Area,western Iran,using a specially designed apparatus was performed at different temperatures(25...Hydrous pyrolysis(HP)practiced on type-Ⅱ kerogen-bearing oil shale samples from the Sargelu Formation in the Ghali-Kuh Area,western Iran,using a specially designed apparatus was performed at different temperatures(250-350℃),with hydrocarbon generation evaluated at each temperature.For comparison,the samples subjected to Rock-Eval pyrolysis before proceeding to HP resulted in T_(max)=418℃,HI=102,and TOC=4.33%,indicating immaturity and hence remarkable hydrocarbon(especially oil)generation potential,making them appropriate for HP.Moreover,the samples were deposited in a low-energy reductive marine environment,with maximum oil and gas generation(739 mg and 348 mg out of50 g of rock sample,respectively)observed at 330℃ and 350℃,respectively.The oil generated at 330℃ was subjected to gas chromatography(GC)and isotopic analyses to assess hydrocarbon quality and composition.The hydrocarbon generation data was devised to estimate kinetic indices of the Arrhenius equation and to investigate the gas-oil ratio(GOR)and overall conversion yield.Based on the producible hydrocarbon quantity and quality,the findings contribute to the economic assessment of oil shales across the study area.The developed kinetic model indicates the history of hydrocarbon generation and organic matter(OM)maturity.展开更多
In a comprehensive geochemical study,the genetic relationships among 14 samples of gas condensates from the Persian Gulf were investigated for the purpose of evaluating the respective source rocks in terms of both age...In a comprehensive geochemical study,the genetic relationships among 14 samples of gas condensates from the Persian Gulf were investigated for the purpose of evaluating the respective source rocks in terms of both age and sedimentary paleoenvironment.Chemometric analysis was used for categorization and determination of a certitude range to determine the genetic type of the condensate families in the studied basin.The samples were collected from Late Permian-Triassic reservoirs(Dalan and Kangan formations)located in 6 gasfields(gas condensate)hosting some of Iran’s most important gas/gas condensate reserves.Obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),a total of 16 biomarker parameters(10 maturity-related parameters and 6 sedimentary environment-related parameters)were used to evaluate the samples in terms of thermal maturity(and hence their positions in the maturity chart),the sedimentary environment of the source rock and the lithology.Application of Hierarchical Clustering Analysis(HCA)and Principal Component Analysis(PCA)to the collected data led to the categorization of the samples into three main genetic groups,Ⅰ-Ⅲ.GroupsⅠandⅢwere found to be located in the east and the west of the Persian Gulf,respectively,while GroupⅡwas developed between the two other groups.展开更多
Source rock assessment is a key step in any petroleum exploration activity.The results of Rock-Eval analysis showed that Sarchahan Formation was in the late oil window,while the Faraghun and Zakeen Formations were jus...Source rock assessment is a key step in any petroleum exploration activity.The results of Rock-Eval analysis showed that Sarchahan Formation was in the late oil window,while the Faraghun and Zakeen Formations were just in the early stages of the oil window.Furthermore,Sarchahan,Zakeen and Faraghun Formations exhibited different kerogen types(types-Ⅱ,types-Ⅲand type-Ⅲ,respectively).Refining the kinetic parameters using the OPTKIN software,the error function returned error values below 0.1,indicating accurate optimization of the kinetic parameters.Based on the obtained values of activation energy,it was clear that Sarchahan Formation contained type-Ⅱkerogen with an activation energy of 48-52 kcal/mol,while Zakeen and Faraghun Formations contained type-III kerogen with activation energies of 70-80 kcal/mol and 44-56 kcal/mol,respectively.The geographical distribution of the samples studied in this work,it was found that the organic matter(OM)quantity and quality increased as one moved toward the Coastal Fars in Sarchahan Formation.The same trend was observed as one moved from the southern coasts of Iran toward the shaly and coaly portions of Faraghun Formation in the center of the Persian Gulf.展开更多
基金the financial support of Semnan University in the Faculty of Petroleum Engineering of this university。
文摘Hydrous pyrolysis(HP)practiced on type-Ⅱ kerogen-bearing oil shale samples from the Sargelu Formation in the Ghali-Kuh Area,western Iran,using a specially designed apparatus was performed at different temperatures(250-350℃),with hydrocarbon generation evaluated at each temperature.For comparison,the samples subjected to Rock-Eval pyrolysis before proceeding to HP resulted in T_(max)=418℃,HI=102,and TOC=4.33%,indicating immaturity and hence remarkable hydrocarbon(especially oil)generation potential,making them appropriate for HP.Moreover,the samples were deposited in a low-energy reductive marine environment,with maximum oil and gas generation(739 mg and 348 mg out of50 g of rock sample,respectively)observed at 330℃ and 350℃,respectively.The oil generated at 330℃ was subjected to gas chromatography(GC)and isotopic analyses to assess hydrocarbon quality and composition.The hydrocarbon generation data was devised to estimate kinetic indices of the Arrhenius equation and to investigate the gas-oil ratio(GOR)and overall conversion yield.Based on the producible hydrocarbon quantity and quality,the findings contribute to the economic assessment of oil shales across the study area.The developed kinetic model indicates the history of hydrocarbon generation and organic matter(OM)maturity.
文摘In a comprehensive geochemical study,the genetic relationships among 14 samples of gas condensates from the Persian Gulf were investigated for the purpose of evaluating the respective source rocks in terms of both age and sedimentary paleoenvironment.Chemometric analysis was used for categorization and determination of a certitude range to determine the genetic type of the condensate families in the studied basin.The samples were collected from Late Permian-Triassic reservoirs(Dalan and Kangan formations)located in 6 gasfields(gas condensate)hosting some of Iran’s most important gas/gas condensate reserves.Obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),a total of 16 biomarker parameters(10 maturity-related parameters and 6 sedimentary environment-related parameters)were used to evaluate the samples in terms of thermal maturity(and hence their positions in the maturity chart),the sedimentary environment of the source rock and the lithology.Application of Hierarchical Clustering Analysis(HCA)and Principal Component Analysis(PCA)to the collected data led to the categorization of the samples into three main genetic groups,Ⅰ-Ⅲ.GroupsⅠandⅢwere found to be located in the east and the west of the Persian Gulf,respectively,while GroupⅡwas developed between the two other groups.
文摘Source rock assessment is a key step in any petroleum exploration activity.The results of Rock-Eval analysis showed that Sarchahan Formation was in the late oil window,while the Faraghun and Zakeen Formations were just in the early stages of the oil window.Furthermore,Sarchahan,Zakeen and Faraghun Formations exhibited different kerogen types(types-Ⅱ,types-Ⅲand type-Ⅲ,respectively).Refining the kinetic parameters using the OPTKIN software,the error function returned error values below 0.1,indicating accurate optimization of the kinetic parameters.Based on the obtained values of activation energy,it was clear that Sarchahan Formation contained type-Ⅱkerogen with an activation energy of 48-52 kcal/mol,while Zakeen and Faraghun Formations contained type-III kerogen with activation energies of 70-80 kcal/mol and 44-56 kcal/mol,respectively.The geographical distribution of the samples studied in this work,it was found that the organic matter(OM)quantity and quality increased as one moved toward the Coastal Fars in Sarchahan Formation.The same trend was observed as one moved from the southern coasts of Iran toward the shaly and coaly portions of Faraghun Formation in the center of the Persian Gulf.
