Rationale:Rabies is a zoonotic disease with a high mortality,primarily transmitted through the bite of infected mammals,particularly dogs and cats.Despite being a well-known disease since ancient times,it continues to...Rationale:Rabies is a zoonotic disease with a high mortality,primarily transmitted through the bite of infected mammals,particularly dogs and cats.Despite being a well-known disease since ancient times,it continues to cause a significant number of human deaths worldwide,with approximately 65000 fatalities reported annually.Patient concerns:We present two fatal cases of rabies in a 12-year-old immigrant boy and a 7-year-old boy.The first case was subject to a 24-hour delay in receiving appropriate medical attention and rabies preventive measures due to the lack of awareness among emergency hospital staff,leading to the administration of wound dressing only.The second case received timely rabies immunoglobulin administration;however,there was a 4-day delay in administering the fourth dose of the rabies vaccine,despite presenting evident symptoms of rabies.Diagnosis:Postmortem examination of brain samples from both patients confirmed the presence of rabies virus.Interventions:Post-exposure prophylaxis for rabies.Outcomes:Both patients were admitted to the hospital after the manifestation of rabies-related symptoms,with the 12-year-old child seeking medical care 47 days after the animal bite and the 7-year-old child seeking medical care 58 days after the exposure.Finally,the first patient died after 27 days and the second patient died after 40 days of hospitalization.Lessons:There is an urgent need for heightened awareness and education among both healthcare professionals and the public regarding the urgency of seeking immediate medical attention after potential rabies exposure.Timely recognition and initiation of post-exposure prophylaxis are pivotal in preventing the progression of the disease.Strengthening surveillance and reporting systems,coupled with continuous training for healthcare professionals,can contribute to early detection and management of rabies cases.展开更多
Objective:To determine the global level of knowledge,attitudes,and practices towards dengue fever among the general population.Methods:To complete this systematic review and meta-analysis,a thorough search for pertine...Objective:To determine the global level of knowledge,attitudes,and practices towards dengue fever among the general population.Methods:To complete this systematic review and meta-analysis,a thorough search for pertinent English-language literature was undertaken during the study's extension until October 2023.The search used Google Scholar,Scopus,PubMed/MEDLINE,Science Direct,Web of Science,EMBASE,Springer,and ProQuest.A quality assessment checklist developed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for the cross-sectional study was used to evaluate the risk of bias in the included papers.Inverse variance and Cochran Q statistics were employed in the STATA software version 14 to assess study heterogeneity.When there was heterogeneity,the Dersimonian and Liard random-effects models were used.Results:59 Studies totaling 87353 participants were included in this meta-analysis.These investigations included 86278 participants in 55 studies on knowledge,20196 in 33 studies on attitudes,and 74881 in 29 studies on practices.The pooled estimates for sufficient knowledge,positive attitudes,and dengue fever preventive behaviors among the general population were determined as 40.1%(95%CI 33.8%-46.5%),46.8%(95%CI 35.8%-58.9%),and 38.3%(95%CI 28.4%-48.2%),respectively.Europe exhibits the highest knowledge level at 63.5%,and Africa shows the lowest at 20.3%.Positive attitudes are most prevalent in the Eastern Mediterranean(54.1%)and Southeast Asia(53.6%),contrasting sharply with the Americas,where attitudes are notably lower at 9.05%.Regarding preventive behaviors,the Americas demonstrate a prevalence of 12.1%,Southeast Asia at 28.1%,Western Pacific at 49.6%,Eastern Mediterranean at 44.8%,and Africa at 47.4%.Conclusions:Regional disparities about the knowledge,attitude and preventive bahaviors are evident with Europe exhibiting the highest knowledge level while Africa has the lowest.These findings emphasize the importance of targeted public health interventions tailored to regional contexts,highlighting the need for region-specific strategies to enhance dengue-related knowledge and encourage positive attitudes and preventive behaviors.展开更多
Measles,an infectious disease caused by the measles virus,remains a significant public health concern worldwide due to its highly contagious nature and potential for severe complications[1].In addition to symptoms suc...Measles,an infectious disease caused by the measles virus,remains a significant public health concern worldwide due to its highly contagious nature and potential for severe complications[1].In addition to symptoms such as high fever,cough,Koplik spots,and rash,measles can lead to serious complications including pneumonia and myocarditis,particularly in vulnerable populations such as young children[1,2].展开更多
Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus(MPXV).MPXV is a double-stranded DNA virus from the genus Orthopoxvirus that was firstly detected in captive monkeys in 1958[1],with first reported MPXV infecte...Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus(MPXV).MPXV is a double-stranded DNA virus from the genus Orthopoxvirus that was firstly detected in captive monkeys in 1958[1],with first reported MPXV infected case in humans in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1970.This zoonotic infection has since spread and become endemic in African countries,especially in West and Central Africa[2].Human monkeypox cases were detected outside Africa in 2003,however,recent cases have not been reported in non-endemic countries until 2022[3].展开更多
Objective:To review the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis among animal population of Iran.Methods:Data were systematically gathered from 1 January 2000 to 1 January 2020 in the Islamic Republic of Iran from the followin...Objective:To review the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis among animal population of Iran.Methods:Data were systematically gathered from 1 January 2000 to 1 January 2020 in the Islamic Republic of Iran from the following electronic databases:Pub Med,Springer,Google Scholar,Science Direct,Scopus,Web of Science,Magiran,and Scientific Information Database(SID).According to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses(PRISMA)and inclusion criteria,88 eligible studies were obtained.Results:The pooled prevalence of cryptosporidiosis using random and fixed effects model according to heterogeneity among animals was as follows:rodents 18.8%(95%CI 12.6%-25.0%),camels 17.1%(95%CI 8.6%-25.7%),cattle 16.8%(95%CI 13.4%-20.1%),goats 14.1%(95%CI 5.2%-23.0%),horses 12.2%(95%CI 8.3%-16.2%),birds 10.5%(95%CI 7.6%-13.4%),sheep 9.9%(95%CI 2.4%-4.9%),cats 8.8%(95%CI 4.8%-12.8%)and dogs 3.7%(95%CI 7.0%-12.8%).Conclusions:Cryptosporidiosis has been reported and present in a wide range of animals in Iran over the years and has a high prevalence in most of these species.展开更多
文摘Rationale:Rabies is a zoonotic disease with a high mortality,primarily transmitted through the bite of infected mammals,particularly dogs and cats.Despite being a well-known disease since ancient times,it continues to cause a significant number of human deaths worldwide,with approximately 65000 fatalities reported annually.Patient concerns:We present two fatal cases of rabies in a 12-year-old immigrant boy and a 7-year-old boy.The first case was subject to a 24-hour delay in receiving appropriate medical attention and rabies preventive measures due to the lack of awareness among emergency hospital staff,leading to the administration of wound dressing only.The second case received timely rabies immunoglobulin administration;however,there was a 4-day delay in administering the fourth dose of the rabies vaccine,despite presenting evident symptoms of rabies.Diagnosis:Postmortem examination of brain samples from both patients confirmed the presence of rabies virus.Interventions:Post-exposure prophylaxis for rabies.Outcomes:Both patients were admitted to the hospital after the manifestation of rabies-related symptoms,with the 12-year-old child seeking medical care 47 days after the animal bite and the 7-year-old child seeking medical care 58 days after the exposure.Finally,the first patient died after 27 days and the second patient died after 40 days of hospitalization.Lessons:There is an urgent need for heightened awareness and education among both healthcare professionals and the public regarding the urgency of seeking immediate medical attention after potential rabies exposure.Timely recognition and initiation of post-exposure prophylaxis are pivotal in preventing the progression of the disease.Strengthening surveillance and reporting systems,coupled with continuous training for healthcare professionals,can contribute to early detection and management of rabies cases.
文摘Objective:To determine the global level of knowledge,attitudes,and practices towards dengue fever among the general population.Methods:To complete this systematic review and meta-analysis,a thorough search for pertinent English-language literature was undertaken during the study's extension until October 2023.The search used Google Scholar,Scopus,PubMed/MEDLINE,Science Direct,Web of Science,EMBASE,Springer,and ProQuest.A quality assessment checklist developed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for the cross-sectional study was used to evaluate the risk of bias in the included papers.Inverse variance and Cochran Q statistics were employed in the STATA software version 14 to assess study heterogeneity.When there was heterogeneity,the Dersimonian and Liard random-effects models were used.Results:59 Studies totaling 87353 participants were included in this meta-analysis.These investigations included 86278 participants in 55 studies on knowledge,20196 in 33 studies on attitudes,and 74881 in 29 studies on practices.The pooled estimates for sufficient knowledge,positive attitudes,and dengue fever preventive behaviors among the general population were determined as 40.1%(95%CI 33.8%-46.5%),46.8%(95%CI 35.8%-58.9%),and 38.3%(95%CI 28.4%-48.2%),respectively.Europe exhibits the highest knowledge level at 63.5%,and Africa shows the lowest at 20.3%.Positive attitudes are most prevalent in the Eastern Mediterranean(54.1%)and Southeast Asia(53.6%),contrasting sharply with the Americas,where attitudes are notably lower at 9.05%.Regarding preventive behaviors,the Americas demonstrate a prevalence of 12.1%,Southeast Asia at 28.1%,Western Pacific at 49.6%,Eastern Mediterranean at 44.8%,and Africa at 47.4%.Conclusions:Regional disparities about the knowledge,attitude and preventive bahaviors are evident with Europe exhibiting the highest knowledge level while Africa has the lowest.These findings emphasize the importance of targeted public health interventions tailored to regional contexts,highlighting the need for region-specific strategies to enhance dengue-related knowledge and encourage positive attitudes and preventive behaviors.
文摘Measles,an infectious disease caused by the measles virus,remains a significant public health concern worldwide due to its highly contagious nature and potential for severe complications[1].In addition to symptoms such as high fever,cough,Koplik spots,and rash,measles can lead to serious complications including pneumonia and myocarditis,particularly in vulnerable populations such as young children[1,2].
文摘Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus(MPXV).MPXV is a double-stranded DNA virus from the genus Orthopoxvirus that was firstly detected in captive monkeys in 1958[1],with first reported MPXV infected case in humans in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1970.This zoonotic infection has since spread and become endemic in African countries,especially in West and Central Africa[2].Human monkeypox cases were detected outside Africa in 2003,however,recent cases have not been reported in non-endemic countries until 2022[3].
文摘Objective:To review the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis among animal population of Iran.Methods:Data were systematically gathered from 1 January 2000 to 1 January 2020 in the Islamic Republic of Iran from the following electronic databases:Pub Med,Springer,Google Scholar,Science Direct,Scopus,Web of Science,Magiran,and Scientific Information Database(SID).According to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses(PRISMA)and inclusion criteria,88 eligible studies were obtained.Results:The pooled prevalence of cryptosporidiosis using random and fixed effects model according to heterogeneity among animals was as follows:rodents 18.8%(95%CI 12.6%-25.0%),camels 17.1%(95%CI 8.6%-25.7%),cattle 16.8%(95%CI 13.4%-20.1%),goats 14.1%(95%CI 5.2%-23.0%),horses 12.2%(95%CI 8.3%-16.2%),birds 10.5%(95%CI 7.6%-13.4%),sheep 9.9%(95%CI 2.4%-4.9%),cats 8.8%(95%CI 4.8%-12.8%)and dogs 3.7%(95%CI 7.0%-12.8%).Conclusions:Cryptosporidiosis has been reported and present in a wide range of animals in Iran over the years and has a high prevalence in most of these species.
