The emergence of cardiac stem cell therapy can be traced to late 2001, when studies in small animal models of myocardial infarction suggested that stem cells could engraft, proliferate, and regenerate myo-cardium. Sub...The emergence of cardiac stem cell therapy can be traced to late 2001, when studies in small animal models of myocardial infarction suggested that stem cells could engraft, proliferate, and regenerate myo-cardium. Subsequent animal laboratory studies showed improved cardiac function, perfusion and survival compared to controls (Figure 1). Within two years, the first clinical trials of stem cell therapy began to appear, and we now have several trials of intracoronary infusion of bone marrow cells with more than one year follow-up. Although this clinical therapy has proven to be safe, the magnitude of improvement in objective measures like ejection fraction has been modest, and the therapy has not entered clinical practice. In the absence of a large prospective randomized trial, the field has moved back to the laboratory. This manuscript aims to provide clinicians with a broad overview of this complex field by briefly reviewing the existing status of clinical myocardial regeneration therapy, then describing selected examples from the laboratory research approaches that may provide a platform for new and potentially increasingly effective clinical strategies.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. The application of biophotonics for diagnosing precancerous lesions is a major breakthrough in oncology and is associated with the expression of clastogenic...BACKGROUND： Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. The application of biophotonics for diagnosing precancerous lesions is a major breakthrough in oncology and is associated with the expression of clastogenic bio-markers, such as reactive oxygen species （ROS）, namely, superoxide anion radicals, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, and lipid peroxidation products. These ROS are the major sources of ultra-weak biophotons emission; in addition, biophotons are emitted from other biomolecules, which are not associated with ROS. The precancerous phase is diagnosed on the basis ofbiophoton emission from biomarkers. The type of biophotons emitted depends on the structure of the clastogenic ROS. METHODS： ROS-based emission of ultra-weak photons can be detected using charge coupled device （CCD） cameras and photomultiplier tubes. Furthermore, spectroscopic and microscopic analysis can yield more advanced and definite results. RESULTS： The frequency and intensity of biophoton emission associated with each ROS provides information regarding the precancerous phase. Previous have attempted to show an association between precancerous growth and biophoton emission; however, their results were not conclusive. In this review, we have addressed multiple aspects of the molecular environment, especially light- matter interactions, to derive a successful theoretical relationship which may have the ability to diaganose the tumor at precancerous stage and to give the solutions of previous failures. This can be a major quantum leap toward precancerous diagnosis therapy. CONCLUSION： Biophotonics provides an advanced framework, for easily diagnosing cancer at its preliminary stage. The relationship between biophotons, clastogenic factors, and biochemical reactions in the cellular microenvironment can be understood successfully. The advancement in precancerous diagnosis will improve human health worldwide. The versatility of biophotonics can be used further for novel applications in biology, biochemistry, chemistry and social fields.展开更多
文摘The emergence of cardiac stem cell therapy can be traced to late 2001, when studies in small animal models of myocardial infarction suggested that stem cells could engraft, proliferate, and regenerate myo-cardium. Subsequent animal laboratory studies showed improved cardiac function, perfusion and survival compared to controls (Figure 1). Within two years, the first clinical trials of stem cell therapy began to appear, and we now have several trials of intracoronary infusion of bone marrow cells with more than one year follow-up. Although this clinical therapy has proven to be safe, the magnitude of improvement in objective measures like ejection fraction has been modest, and the therapy has not entered clinical practice. In the absence of a large prospective randomized trial, the field has moved back to the laboratory. This manuscript aims to provide clinicians with a broad overview of this complex field by briefly reviewing the existing status of clinical myocardial regeneration therapy, then describing selected examples from the laboratory research approaches that may provide a platform for new and potentially increasingly effective clinical strategies.
文摘BACKGROUND： Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. The application of biophotonics for diagnosing precancerous lesions is a major breakthrough in oncology and is associated with the expression of clastogenic bio-markers, such as reactive oxygen species （ROS）, namely, superoxide anion radicals, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, and lipid peroxidation products. These ROS are the major sources of ultra-weak biophotons emission; in addition, biophotons are emitted from other biomolecules, which are not associated with ROS. The precancerous phase is diagnosed on the basis ofbiophoton emission from biomarkers. The type of biophotons emitted depends on the structure of the clastogenic ROS. METHODS： ROS-based emission of ultra-weak photons can be detected using charge coupled device （CCD） cameras and photomultiplier tubes. Furthermore, spectroscopic and microscopic analysis can yield more advanced and definite results. RESULTS： The frequency and intensity of biophoton emission associated with each ROS provides information regarding the precancerous phase. Previous have attempted to show an association between precancerous growth and biophoton emission; however, their results were not conclusive. In this review, we have addressed multiple aspects of the molecular environment, especially light- matter interactions, to derive a successful theoretical relationship which may have the ability to diaganose the tumor at precancerous stage and to give the solutions of previous failures. This can be a major quantum leap toward precancerous diagnosis therapy. CONCLUSION： Biophotonics provides an advanced framework, for easily diagnosing cancer at its preliminary stage. The relationship between biophotons, clastogenic factors, and biochemical reactions in the cellular microenvironment can be understood successfully. The advancement in precancerous diagnosis will improve human health worldwide. The versatility of biophotonics can be used further for novel applications in biology, biochemistry, chemistry and social fields.
