Phytogenic Synthesis of Metal/Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Degradation of Dyes

Now-a-days nanotechnology is one of the booming fields for the researchers.With the increase in industrialization mainly textile,paper,medicine,plastic industry,there is an increase in concentration of organic dyes as pollutant.Release of harmful dyes in water bodies has become a serious issue,as most of the dyes are carcinogenic and mutagenic in nature and causes various diseases.Therefore,there is a requirement to find out new approaches for efficient treatment of effluent containing dyes.Nanoparticles are one of the potential solutions to this problem.They can be synthesized from different methods,however synthesis of nanoparticles from different plant parts(leaf,root or stem extract)is economical as well as ecofriendly.Phytogenic nanoparticles have various environmental applications and one of them is remediation of dyes.The aim of this review is to provide an overview of last five years studies about catalytic and photocatalytic degradation of various harmful dyes by plant synthesized nanoparticles,mechanism of degradation and advantages and disadvantages of phytogenic synthesis.

Cytotoxic,antibacterial and analgesic activities of Rhaphidophora glauca(Wall.)Schott leaves

Objective:To investigation of cytotoxic,antimicrobial and analgesic activities of different fractions of Rhaphidophora glauca(Wall.)Schott.Methods:Two partially purified aqueous methanolic fractions from ethyl acetate extract(AMF-1)and chloroform extract(AMF-2)obtained from the partitioning were used in study.The cytotoxic effect was determined by brine shrimp lethality bioassay.Antibacterial activity was investigated by disc diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration methods.Hot plate method and acetic acid test was used for determining analgesic activity.Results:The LC_(50)values of AMF-1 and AMF-2 were found to be 287.73 and 428.54μg/mL respectively,where colchicines showed LC_(50)of 11.16μg/mL.The zone of inhibition of the fractions AMF-1 and AMF-2 was found to be in the range of 8-26 mm in 2000μg/disc,as compared to reference antibiotics kanamycin(11-28 mm at 30μg/disc)and ciprofloxacin(20-25 mm at 30μg/disc)indicating the antibacterial activity.In hot plate test,the highest pain inhibitory activity was found at a dose of 250 mg/kg for AMF-1 which was statistically significant(P<0.05)compared to both positive and negative control at 30 min interval.In acid induced model,both AMF-1 and AMF-2 at a dose of 500 mg/kg showed significant activity compared to positive and negative control.Conclusions:This study found that Rhaphidophora glauca possesses potential cytotoxic,antibacterial and analgesic activity.Further study may be needed to isolate the bioactive compounds responsible for different activities with subsequent mechanistic study.