The Outbreeding Enhancement and Correlation Studies in F₁Hybrids of Hexaploid Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>L.) Cultivars

The current study was conducted in the experimental field of the Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the winter season 2017-2018. The study was performed to reduce the heterotic effect and phenotypic correlation among numerous yield characters for F1 hybrids of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experimental design has consisted of six parental variants (Sonalika, Balaka, Prodip, Kanchan, Agrahani and Protiva), which were crossed and nine possible cross combinations (F1 hybrids) (Prodip × Agrahani, Balaka × Agrahani, Prodip × Protiva, Protiva × Agrahani, Agrahani × Kanchan, Kanchan × Sonalika, Protiva × Prodip, Sonalika × Agrahani, and Prodip × Kanchan) were obtained. The experimental fields were selected and arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates, where eight characters were studied. The mean square of the analysis of variance showed that the hybrids differed significantly (p ≤ 0.01) for all studied characters except for maturity to 75% of days and height of the plant, while the parents only had no differences in grain yield. The mean square of the parent and the F1 hybrid indicated that considerable heterosis existed in the F1 hybrids. In general, correlation coefficients indicated that the maturity to 75% of days was significant but negatively correlated with most of the yield traits, suggesting that the genotypes which became mature early may have lower yields. Plant height was also negatively correlated with grain spike−1, seed index, and harvest index. The grain yield plant−1 was significant and positively correlated with all yield traits. Correlation indicates that single or multiple production-related ingredients can be used as selection time to select plants with higher yield traits with larger grains.

Phenotyping of Hybrid Maize (<i>Zea mays</i>L.) at Seedling Stage under Drought Condition

Drought is envisaged as the greatest demolishing natural impacts throughout the world since it has observed extensive place of agronomical land sterile almost the world. It’s the significant crop output-limiting producer, and elaborated learning of its result on plant enhancement dictation is diametrical. At present, drought tolerant hybrid maize has been trying to induce Bangladesh especially drought affected zone to identify the drought endurance maize genotypes. Consequently, a feasible pot study of 49 hybrid maize genotypes were directed to determine an adequate drought level to promote aliment and promotion of maize plant below the water stress conditions with treatment (control and drought) and three replications. The data were received after 35 days of sowing using appropriate procedures. Specially, the stomata were collected by the white transparent nail polish from the lower part of leaves. Descriptive statistic of the all traits like percentage of SPAD, leaf rolling (LR), maximum root length (MRL), maximum shoot length (MSL), root dry matter (RDM), shoot dry matter (SDM), length of stomata (LS), width of stomata (WS), thickness of stomata (TS), total dry matter (TDM) and ANOVA for control and drought condition individually showed significant (P < 0.05) variations among the germplasm for their genotypes, treatment and interaction. The first fourth principal components (PCs) narrated about 82.0% of the total variation. Cluster analysis placed the 49 hybrid into 6 main groups among those cluster;groups five showed the maximum number mean value of traits. The highest positive relationship was obtained from TS, WS, RDM, SDM and TDM traits by forming genotype-traits bi-plot of 11traits of 49 genotypes. After analyzing, it is explicit that G18 (CML-80 × IPB911-16) and G22 (CZI-04 × IPB911-16) were the most tolerant hybrids maize genotypes and very susceptible hybrids maize genotypes were G16 (P-12 × CML487), G34 (CML-32 × PB911-16) and G37 (P-33 × CML487). It is expected that the higher expression of considered traits might be obligate for better yield under drought stress.