Autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP)is a complex,poorly understood disease gaining increasing attention."Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of AIP Based on Serum IgG4 levels,"investigated AIP with a focus on serum...Autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP)is a complex,poorly understood disease gaining increasing attention."Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of AIP Based on Serum IgG4 levels,"investigated AIP with a focus on serum immunoglobulin(Ig)G4 levels.The 213 patients with AIP were classified according to serum IgG4 levels:Abnormal(elevated)and normal.Patients with higher IgG4 levels exhibited a more active immune system and increased relapse rates.Beyond IgG4,the IgA levels and age independently contributed to relapse risk,guiding risk assessment and tailored treatments for better outcomes.However,limitations persist,such as no IgA correlation with IgG4 levels,absent data on autoantibodypositive AIP cases critical for Asian diagnostic criteria,and unexplored relapse rates in high serum IgG AIP by subtype.Genetic factors and family histories were not addressed.As the understanding and referral of seronegative AIPs increase,there's a growing need for commercially available,highly sensitive,and specific autoantibodies to aid in diagnosing individuals with low or absent serum IgG4 levels.展开更多
Radiation and advection frost are common in Jordan as well as other neighboring countries as they face several frost waves each year during the late months of winter. Recently, many frost episodes hit the valley and d...Radiation and advection frost are common in Jordan as well as other neighboring countries as they face several frost waves each year during the late months of winter. Recently, many frost episodes hit the valley and damaged the crops that were compensated by millions of dollars by the Jordanian Government. This manuscript addresses and characterizes frost, and assesses the role of global warming in impacting frost in terms of its frequency, severity, and total number of frost days per year. A comprehensive statistical approach was used. The paper indicates that frost waves will continue to hit in the near future regardless of the fact that Earth is moving towards warmer conditions. Agricultural and financial authorities should be urged to minimize frost damage by considering installing wind fans in Jordan valley as an active method in addition to implementing good farm practices (as a passive methods where deemed necessary).展开更多
文摘Autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP)is a complex,poorly understood disease gaining increasing attention."Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of AIP Based on Serum IgG4 levels,"investigated AIP with a focus on serum immunoglobulin(Ig)G4 levels.The 213 patients with AIP were classified according to serum IgG4 levels:Abnormal(elevated)and normal.Patients with higher IgG4 levels exhibited a more active immune system and increased relapse rates.Beyond IgG4,the IgA levels and age independently contributed to relapse risk,guiding risk assessment and tailored treatments for better outcomes.However,limitations persist,such as no IgA correlation with IgG4 levels,absent data on autoantibodypositive AIP cases critical for Asian diagnostic criteria,and unexplored relapse rates in high serum IgG AIP by subtype.Genetic factors and family histories were not addressed.As the understanding and referral of seronegative AIPs increase,there's a growing need for commercially available,highly sensitive,and specific autoantibodies to aid in diagnosing individuals with low or absent serum IgG4 levels.
文摘Radiation and advection frost are common in Jordan as well as other neighboring countries as they face several frost waves each year during the late months of winter. Recently, many frost episodes hit the valley and damaged the crops that were compensated by millions of dollars by the Jordanian Government. This manuscript addresses and characterizes frost, and assesses the role of global warming in impacting frost in terms of its frequency, severity, and total number of frost days per year. A comprehensive statistical approach was used. The paper indicates that frost waves will continue to hit in the near future regardless of the fact that Earth is moving towards warmer conditions. Agricultural and financial authorities should be urged to minimize frost damage by considering installing wind fans in Jordan valley as an active method in addition to implementing good farm practices (as a passive methods where deemed necessary).
