Effects of histamine HlR-H4R-agonist on the airway epithelium of rabbits

Objective:To explore the exact role of histamine receptors in respiratory system.Methods: The cohort comprised of six groups(group I control and groupⅡ—Ⅳtreated) containing five rabbits in each group.Control-group received vehicle(sterile distilled water) and treated groups received subcutaneous histamine(100μg/kg,b.i.d.),and H1R-agonist(HTMT),H2R-agonist (amthamine),H3R-agonist(R-(-)-α-methylhistamine) and H4R-agonist(clobenpropit) each in a dose of 10μg/kg,b.i.d.for 30 subsequent days.After completion of treatment,animals were euthanized and perfused with 10% buffered formalin.Small tissue blocks of trachea and lungs were processed for paraffin embedding.Observations were recorded in sample photomicrographs taken from 10μm thick.Haematoxylin and eosin stained sections.Results:It was observed that trachea and bronchi from histamine,H1R and H4R groups had only patches of hyperplastic and hypertrophied epithelium and in general,cells in the affected region were taller heaped up. The bronchiolar epithelia from all treated groups showed hypertrophy and hyperplasia throughout with most of the cells having rounded profile and appeared to bud out from the basal cells. Conclusions:It is concluded that histamine receptors on induction via its specific agonist can induce hypertrophy,hyperplasia of respiratory tract epithelia suggesting its role akin to growth stimulating factor and warranting further long-term study.

NDM-1 in the Indian environment:hitherto the problem is not disquieting

blaNDM-1 is a recently described novel plasmid-mediated resis tance determinant that confes resistance to carbapenems. Bacteria harbouring NDM-1 have been reported from the clinical specimens.These are also reported and warned as impending gut colonist,and recently described from the environment of the capital city of India,indicating the potential as a reservoir for future infections.

Comparative study on occurrence of class A and class Cβ-lactamase genes and their co-occurrence in Indian Enterobacteriaceae during years 2009 and 2010

Objective:To determine the occurrence of class A and class Cβ-Iactamase genes and their cooccurrence in Indian Enterobacteriaceae.Methods:52 third generation cephalosporin resistant isolates were phenotypically detected by combination disk method and screened by PCR to identify class A and class C typeβ-lactamase genes.Results:Of the 52 isolates,94.2%（49） were found harboring any of the bla?,blaCTX-M,blaSHV and blaTEM were present in 82.6%（43/52）, 59.6%（31/52）,and 42.3%（22/52） isolates,respectively.Of the 49 ESBL positive isolates 57.1% （28/49） showed co-occurrence of blaampCwith bla?.On the contrary,the collection from 2009 showed their co-occurrence in 81.4%isolates.Conclusions:The comparative study shows a downward trend for co-existence of bla? with blaampC from 2009 to 2010.Further large scale studies are needed to address the co-occurrence of class A and class Cβ-lactamases in India and the resistance trend occurring over a period of time.