A systems perspective on national prioritisation of sustainable development goals:Insights from Australia

Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)requires effective national initiatives and resource allo-cation.Yet,the simultaneous attainment of all goals is hindered by constraints such as limited budgets and resources,varied national priorities,and the intricate nature of the goals.As we approach 2030 and beyond,an urgent need for an effective,data-driven prioritisation system exists to optimise what can be accomplished.A considerable knowledge gap persists in identifying the priority areas that demand concentrated attention and how their improvement would propel overall sustainability goals.To bridge this gap,our study presents a priori-tisation approach that identifies significant SDG indicators based on urgency and impact,utilising Benchmarking,Bivariate,and Network analysis.Furthermore,we introduce an innovative Impact Index(IMIN)to assess an indi-cator’s extensive effect on the SDG network.This system carries significant international relevance by establishing a robust framework to identify key,potent,and interconnected indicators.It supports decision-makers worldwide in comprehending their nation’s SDG performance and promotes efficient resource allocation.In the specific con-text of Australia,our analysis spotlights several impactful,yet underperforming SDG indicators.These include the protection of Freshwater,Terrestrial,and Mountain Key Biodiversity Areas(KBAs),the share of renewable energy and energy intensity level of primary energy,targeted research and development,gender equality in national parliaments,and carbon-efficient manufacturing,amongst others.

Co-detection and isolation of Leishmania and Crithidia among naturally infected Tatera indica(Rodentia: Muridae) in Fars province, southern Iran

Objective:To explore the co-detection of natural infection of Trypanosomatidae parasites such as Leishmania and Crithidia in reservoir hosts of leishmaniasis.Methods:Rodent populations were monitored in two endemic foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis of Fars province,southern Iran from March to October 2016.Rodents were trapped alive in several parts of Shiraz and Kharameh cities.Afterwards,their organs were prepared for detection of Leishmania and Crithidia species by molecular,microscopic,and culture methods.Results:Totally,115rodents of five species;Tatera indica(T.indica)(85),Rattus rattus(12),Meriones libycus(9).Mus musculus(7),and Rattus norvegicus(2),were trapped alive and their tissue samples were examined using microscopic,cultivation,and molecular assays.Overall,59(51.3%)rodents were positive for Leishmania or Crithidia parasites.The highest rate(61.2%;52/85)of Leishmania infection was related to the T.indica population.The cultivatioin,and molecular observations showed that two(2.4%;2/85)of T.indica(foot-pad,and spleen samples)were positive to Crithidia.Conclusions:This is the first report of Crithidia infection in T.indica in Iran.Consequently,more epidemiological and ecological studies are needed to understand the role of Crithidia and Leishmania in T.indica.

Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma infection in blood donors in Jahrom District,Southern Iran

Objective:To identify the anti-Toxoplasma antibodies from blood donors who referred to blood transfusion bases of Jahrom County,using ELISA method.Methods:Based on the prevalence and characteristics method,400 serum samples were collected from blood donors referred to Jahrom blood transfusion bases,Southern Iran,during 2010–2011,designed at testing by ELISA.Ig M and Ig G antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii were tested using ELISA kits(Dia-Pro)on serums.The data were analysed by SPSS 19 software.Results:Review of 400 cases,54 of them were Ig G positive for parasites(13.5%)and 346of those with negative Ig G(86.5%).In Ig M examination,1.75%of them have been positive Ig M(7 cases)and 98.25%of them were Ig M negative(393 cases).By comparing the different group ages,40–50 year age group had the highest prevalence of Ig G positive(17.9%)and the age group of 30–40 years had the highest incidence of Ig M negative(2.5%).Conclusions:Due to the serological infection rate of toxoplasmosis obtained from this study,toxoplasmosis should be considered as a significant transfusion risk factor in Jahrom and also in any region with similar situations.

Investigation of Power Factor Behavior in AC Railway System Based on Special Traction Transformers

The single-phase traction load has essentially an unbalance characteristic at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC), which injects harmonic into the utility grid. In this paper, the effect of harmonic distortion and unbalance loading are investigated simultaneously for electrical railway systems. Special traction transformers (i.e. single-phase, V/V, Wye-Delta, Scott, and Le Blanc) are used between the utility grid and the traction load. For analysis, different defini-tions of power factors are considered, which are presented by IEEE Std.1459. The detailed simulation study is made with MATLAB/SIMULINK program to represent the impacts of harmonic components and unbalance loading on the power factor behavior in the Electrical Railway systems.

Managing underground legal boundaries in 3D-extending the CityGML standard

Legal boundaries are used for delineating the spatial extent of ownership property’s spaces.In underground environments,these boundaries are defined by referencing physical objects,surveying measurements,or projections.However,there is a gap in connecting and managing these boundaries and underground legal spaces,due to a lack of data model.A 3D data model supporting underground land administration(ULA)should define and model these boundaries and the relationships between them and underground ownership spaces.Prominent 3D data models can be enriched to model underground legal boundaries.This research aims to propose a new taxonomy of underground legal boundaries and model them by extending CityGML,which is a widely used 3D data model in the geospatial science domain.We developed,implemented,and tested the model for different types of underground legal boundaries.The implemented prototype showcased the potential benefits of CityGML for managing underground legal boundaries in 3D.The proposed 3D underground model can be used to address current challenges associated with communicating and managing legal boundaries in underground environments.While this data model was specifically developed for Victoria,Australia,the proposed model and approach can be used and replicated in other jurisdictions by adjusting the data requirements for underground legal boundaries.

An IFC-based database schema for mapping BIM data into a 3D spatially enabled land administration database

There are different processes in 3D urban land administration in which spatial analysis plays an underpinning role.Among 3D data models,Industry Foundation Class(IFC)provides the potential capabilities for modelling legal and physical dimensions of urban properties.However,performing spatial analysis using IFC files cannot address the on-demand spatial analysis requirements of 3D urban land administration.In response to this limitation,3D data needs to be stored in a spatial database to enable spatial analyses required by different stakeholders.Therefore,in this paper,by considering spatial analysis requirements in 3D-enabled urban land administration,an IFC-based database schema is designed.Moreover,a methodology for transforming Building Information Modelling(BIM)data into the proposed schema is provided.This methodology includes seven steps:designing the architectural model and adding legal data,georeferencing,IFC data validation and cleaning,mapping process,database data validation and cleaning,spatial analysis,and visualisation.To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed database,three datasets are implemented in the database.Moreover,a new method for modelling legal spaces with oblique structures and two applications of spatial analysis in 3D urban land administration are provided.

Design and development of a web-based 3D cadastral visualisation prototype

Three-dimensional(3D)developments of land,such as complex high-rises,put enormous pressure on current land administration systems that have ad hoc approaches to 3D property management.These approaches are unable to support effective 3D storage,analysis and visualisation of property information.Effective visualisation is one of the essential components in realisation of a truly 3D cadastre.Currently,several 3D visualisation applications and cadastral prototypes have been developed around the world.However,they do not effectively represent ownership information in 3D because they have not been developed based on 3D cadastral visualisation requirements.After candidate 3D visualisation solutions were compared with user-derived visualisation criteria,a web-based 3D visualisation prototype was designed and developed.The functionality,usability and efficiency of the prototype were evaluated by potential users involved in the registration and management of property.While there was a high level of enthusiasm for the features of the prototype,the results also suggest further directions for development of 3D cadastral visualisation.

An evaluation of integrating multisourced sensors for disaster management

Disaster management and in particular disaster response phase are highly timesensitive and dynamic processes,demanding that real-time information reaches disaster responders prior making critical decisions.During the last decade,disaster management has been widely enabled through utilizing spatial data sourcing and related technologies in the whole process of collection,access,and usage of disaster information.Currently,there are unique challenges that cannot be met without incorporating in situ sensing as an emerging technology for sourcing and managing disaster information.These include(1)high temporal and spatial resolution of information,(2)broad range of disaster data,and(3)automated operations.Incorporating in situ sensing into the disaster management process can potentially address such challenges by providing data that support all of these requirements.Following an examination of current concepts and methods for integrating multisourced sensors,a framework of the requirements for integrating in situ sensors for disaster management,is suggested.Based on this framework and its components,an evaluation of the methods is developed and applied.The results highlight that information integration of multisourced sensors is a major challenge and has not yet adequately addressed for sensor data enablement of disaster management.