Introduction:Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a common diagnosis among veterans secondary to combat experiences.TBI is also rampant among those experiencing homelessness,possibly due to veterans making up 12.3%of the hom...Introduction:Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a common diagnosis among veterans secondary to combat experiences.TBI is also rampant among those experiencing homelessness,possibly due to veterans making up 12.3%of the homeless population(Tsai and Rosenheck,2015),or due to the high risk of violence or trauma among those experiencing homelessness.TBI is up to 10×more prevalent among those experiencing homelessness(Stubbs et al.,2020;Dell et al.,2021).展开更多
Deleterious inflammatory cell invasion has been implicated in neurological diseases,partly manifesting as a leaky blood-central nervous system ba rrier(BCNSB)(Huang et al.,2021).Uncovering the perturbations of the neu...Deleterious inflammatory cell invasion has been implicated in neurological diseases,partly manifesting as a leaky blood-central nervous system ba rrier(BCNSB)(Huang et al.,2021).Uncovering the perturbations of the neurovascular unit(NVU)may reveal the role of detrimental proinflammatory cells and signaling molecules in disrupting the central nervous system immuneprivileged environment.展开更多
Stem cells may be the future of therapeutics for stroke due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory capabilities.Major barriers faced when employing stem cells,however,include faulty migration,low cell survival,and...Stem cells may be the future of therapeutics for stroke due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory capabilities.Major barriers faced when employing stem cells,however,include faulty migration,low cell survival,and diminished proliferation.M ultilineage-differentiating stress ensuring (Muse) cells,a subset of mesenchymal stem cells,overcome these barriers.Muse cells aid in neuroregeneration,have immense regenerative potential,and are pluripotent,non-tumorigenic,and immunomodulatory.In stroke specifically,these cells may restore an a nti-inflammatory environment,regenerate damaged neurons,and integrate into the neuronal architecture.In fact,Muse cells may be aptly designed to ameliorate neurovascular unit damage following stroke and observed in other neuroinflammatory disorders.展开更多
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a rapidly fatal neurological disease characterized by upper and lower motor neuron degeneration.Though typically idiopathic,familial forms of ALS are commonly composed of a superox...Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a rapidly fatal neurological disease characterized by upper and lower motor neuron degeneration.Though typically idiopathic,familial forms of ALS are commonly composed of a superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1)mutation.Basic science frequently utilizes SOD1 models in vitro and in vivo to replicate ALS conditions.Therapies are sparse;those that exist in the market extend life minimally,thus driving the demand for research to identify novel therapeutics.Transplantation of stem cells is a promising approach for many diseases and has shown efficacy in SOD1 models and clinical trials.The underlying mechanism for stem cell therapy presents an exciting venue for research investigations.Most notably,the paracrine actions of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles(EVs)have been suggested as a potent mitigating factor.This literature review focuses on the most recent preclinical research investigating cellfree methods for treating ALS.Various avenues are being explored,differing on the EV contents(protein,microRNA,etc.)and on the cell target(astrocyte,endothelial cell,motor neuron-like cells,etc.),and both molecular and behavioral outcomes are being examined.Unfortunately,EVs may also play a role in propagating ALS pathology.Nonetheless,the overarching goal remains clear:to identify efficient cell-free techniques to attenuate the deadly consequences of ALS.展开更多
文摘Introduction:Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a common diagnosis among veterans secondary to combat experiences.TBI is also rampant among those experiencing homelessness,possibly due to veterans making up 12.3%of the homeless population(Tsai and Rosenheck,2015),or due to the high risk of violence or trauma among those experiencing homelessness.TBI is up to 10×more prevalent among those experiencing homelessness(Stubbs et al.,2020;Dell et al.,2021).
文摘Deleterious inflammatory cell invasion has been implicated in neurological diseases,partly manifesting as a leaky blood-central nervous system ba rrier(BCNSB)(Huang et al.,2021).Uncovering the perturbations of the neurovascular unit(NVU)may reveal the role of detrimental proinflammatory cells and signaling molecules in disrupting the central nervous system immuneprivileged environment.
基金CVB was funded by the National Institutes of Health NIH R01NS090962,NIH R01NS102395,NIH R21 NS1095 75CVB was funded and received royalties and stock options from Astellas,Asterias,Sanbio,Athersys,KMPHCInternational Stem Cell Corporation and has also received consultant compensation from Chiesi Farmaceutici。
文摘Stem cells may be the future of therapeutics for stroke due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory capabilities.Major barriers faced when employing stem cells,however,include faulty migration,low cell survival,and diminished proliferation.M ultilineage-differentiating stress ensuring (Muse) cells,a subset of mesenchymal stem cells,overcome these barriers.Muse cells aid in neuroregeneration,have immense regenerative potential,and are pluripotent,non-tumorigenic,and immunomodulatory.In stroke specifically,these cells may restore an a nti-inflammatory environment,regenerate damaged neurons,and integrate into the neuronal architecture.In fact,Muse cells may be aptly designed to ameliorate neurovascular unit damage following stroke and observed in other neuroinflammatory disorders.
文摘Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a rapidly fatal neurological disease characterized by upper and lower motor neuron degeneration.Though typically idiopathic,familial forms of ALS are commonly composed of a superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1)mutation.Basic science frequently utilizes SOD1 models in vitro and in vivo to replicate ALS conditions.Therapies are sparse;those that exist in the market extend life minimally,thus driving the demand for research to identify novel therapeutics.Transplantation of stem cells is a promising approach for many diseases and has shown efficacy in SOD1 models and clinical trials.The underlying mechanism for stem cell therapy presents an exciting venue for research investigations.Most notably,the paracrine actions of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles(EVs)have been suggested as a potent mitigating factor.This literature review focuses on the most recent preclinical research investigating cellfree methods for treating ALS.Various avenues are being explored,differing on the EV contents(protein,microRNA,etc.)and on the cell target(astrocyte,endothelial cell,motor neuron-like cells,etc.),and both molecular and behavioral outcomes are being examined.Unfortunately,EVs may also play a role in propagating ALS pathology.Nonetheless,the overarching goal remains clear:to identify efficient cell-free techniques to attenuate the deadly consequences of ALS.
