Analytical solution is obtained to predict the contaminant concentration with presence and absence of pollution source in finite aquifer subject to constant point source concentration. A longitudinal dispersion along ...Analytical solution is obtained to predict the contaminant concentration with presence and absence of pollution source in finite aquifer subject to constant point source concentration. A longitudinal dispersion along unsteady groundwater flow in homogeneous and finite aquifer is considered which is initially solute free that is, aquifer is supposed to be clean. The constant source concentration in intermediate portion of the aquifer system is considered with pulse type boundary condition and at the other end of the aquifer, concentration gradient is supposed to be zero. The Laplace Transformation Technique (LTT) is used to obtain the analytical solution of the formulated solute transport model with suitable initial and boundary conditions. The time varying velocities are considered. Analytical solutions are perhaps most useful for benchmarking the numerical codes and models. It may be used as the preliminary predictive tools for groundwater management.展开更多
A comparative study is made among Laplace Transform Technique (LTT) and Fourier Transform Technique (FTT) to obtain one-dimensional analytical solution for conservative solute transport along unsteady groundwater flow...A comparative study is made among Laplace Transform Technique (LTT) and Fourier Transform Technique (FTT) to obtain one-dimensional analytical solution for conservative solute transport along unsteady groundwater flow in semi-infinite aquifer. The time-dependent source of contaminant concentration is considered at the origin and at the other end of the aquifer is supposed to be zero. Initially, aquifer is not solute free which means that the solute concentration exits in groundwater system and it is assumed as a uniform concentration. The aquifer is considered homogeneous and semi-infinite. The time-dependent velocity expressions are considered. The result may be used as preliminary predictive tools in groundwater management and benchmark the numerical code and solutions.展开更多
Avalanche activities in the Indian Himalaya cause the majority of fatalities and responsible for heavy damage to the property.Avalanche susceptibility maps assist decision-makers and planners to execute suitable measu...Avalanche activities in the Indian Himalaya cause the majority of fatalities and responsible for heavy damage to the property.Avalanche susceptibility maps assist decision-makers and planners to execute suitable measures to reduce the avalanche risk.In the present study,a probabilistic data-driven geospatial fuzzy–frequency ratio(fuzzy–FR)model is proposed and developed for avalanche susceptibility mapping,especially for the large undocumented region.The fuzzy–FR model for avalanche susceptibility mapping is initially developed and applied for Lahaul-Spiti region.The fuzzy–FR model utilized the six avalanche occurrence factors(i.e.slope,aspect,curvature,elevation,terrain roughness and vegetation cover)and one referent avalanche inventory map to generate the avalanche susceptibility map.Amongst 292 documented avalanche locations from the avalanche inventory map,233(80%)were used for training the model and remaining 59(20%)were used for validation of the map.The avalanche susceptibility map is validated by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC-AUC)technique.For validation of the results using ROC-AUC technique,the success rate and prediction rate were calculated.The values of success rate and prediction rate were 94.07%and 91.76%,respectively.The validation of results using ROC-AUC indicated the fuzzy–FR model is appropriate for avalanche susceptibility mapping.展开更多
文摘Analytical solution is obtained to predict the contaminant concentration with presence and absence of pollution source in finite aquifer subject to constant point source concentration. A longitudinal dispersion along unsteady groundwater flow in homogeneous and finite aquifer is considered which is initially solute free that is, aquifer is supposed to be clean. The constant source concentration in intermediate portion of the aquifer system is considered with pulse type boundary condition and at the other end of the aquifer, concentration gradient is supposed to be zero. The Laplace Transformation Technique (LTT) is used to obtain the analytical solution of the formulated solute transport model with suitable initial and boundary conditions. The time varying velocities are considered. Analytical solutions are perhaps most useful for benchmarking the numerical codes and models. It may be used as the preliminary predictive tools for groundwater management.
文摘A comparative study is made among Laplace Transform Technique (LTT) and Fourier Transform Technique (FTT) to obtain one-dimensional analytical solution for conservative solute transport along unsteady groundwater flow in semi-infinite aquifer. The time-dependent source of contaminant concentration is considered at the origin and at the other end of the aquifer is supposed to be zero. Initially, aquifer is not solute free which means that the solute concentration exits in groundwater system and it is assumed as a uniform concentration. The aquifer is considered homogeneous and semi-infinite. The time-dependent velocity expressions are considered. The result may be used as preliminary predictive tools in groundwater management and benchmark the numerical code and solutions.
基金Defence Research&Development Organisation(DRDO)Ministry of Defence,Government of India for providing funds under Project IABP/HimUdaan,No.IF-10/SAS-42,dated 30 September 2011 to carry out this research work.
文摘Avalanche activities in the Indian Himalaya cause the majority of fatalities and responsible for heavy damage to the property.Avalanche susceptibility maps assist decision-makers and planners to execute suitable measures to reduce the avalanche risk.In the present study,a probabilistic data-driven geospatial fuzzy–frequency ratio(fuzzy–FR)model is proposed and developed for avalanche susceptibility mapping,especially for the large undocumented region.The fuzzy–FR model for avalanche susceptibility mapping is initially developed and applied for Lahaul-Spiti region.The fuzzy–FR model utilized the six avalanche occurrence factors(i.e.slope,aspect,curvature,elevation,terrain roughness and vegetation cover)and one referent avalanche inventory map to generate the avalanche susceptibility map.Amongst 292 documented avalanche locations from the avalanche inventory map,233(80%)were used for training the model and remaining 59(20%)were used for validation of the map.The avalanche susceptibility map is validated by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC-AUC)technique.For validation of the results using ROC-AUC technique,the success rate and prediction rate were calculated.The values of success rate and prediction rate were 94.07%and 91.76%,respectively.The validation of results using ROC-AUC indicated the fuzzy–FR model is appropriate for avalanche susceptibility mapping.
