Recently, mankind’s need for more amount of energy has been increasing day by day, though there is a trend to reduce the usage of the traditional energy source to an energy carrier (or fuel) that results in emitting ...Recently, mankind’s need for more amount of energy has been increasing day by day, though there is a trend to reduce the usage of the traditional energy source to an energy carrier (or fuel) that results in emitting harmful gases to the envi-ronment that is separated in the air and water. Researchers have conducted re-searches to increase projects that will generate clean and renewable energy. Us-age of renewable energy via mankind is in continuous progress such as solar en-ergy, bioenergy, ocean energy and wind energy. Wind energy waste while the car moved was used to produce electric energy. In this paper, the usage of unused wind energy in vehicles was developed so that additional power for vehicles was enable via converting wind power into electric one. The wind turbine was assem-bled from a fan and transducer. Indoor test showed generation of different elec-tric voltages when varying the ambient temperature. The main experiment was carried out so that the wind turbine was installed above the car;values of volt-ages in various speeds of the car were recorded. When two fans were used with different specifications, the consequence was a direct proportionality that changes the happened between voltages and car’s speeds. A comparison between the two fans showed that: the fan with big blade dimensions was the best one to generate voltages. Finally, the high voltages were generated in low temperatures. These results reveal that we can avail from wind energy to supply vehicles with electricity as long as vehicles move along the way.展开更多
In this study the electromagnetic theory and quantum mechanics are utilized to find the resistivity in terms of electric and magnetic susceptibility in which the electron is considered as a wave. Critical temperature ...In this study the electromagnetic theory and quantum mechanics are utilized to find the resistivity in terms of electric and magnetic susceptibility in which the electron is considered as a wave. Critical temperature of the wire at which the resistance vanishes is found. In this case the resistance being imaginary which leads the real part of the resistance to real zero at critical temperature and the material becomes super conductor in this case. If one considers the motion of electron in the presence of inner magnetic field and resistance force, a new formula for the conductivity is to be found;this formula states that the material under investigation becomes a superconductor at critical temperature and depends on the strength of the magnetic field and friction resistance, and the substance conductivity is found to be super at all temperatures beyond the critical temperature.展开更多
Research on nonmaterials has become increasingly popular because of their unique physical, chemical, optical and catalytic properties compared to their bulk counterparts. Therefore, many efforts have been made to synt...Research on nonmaterials has become increasingly popular because of their unique physical, chemical, optical and catalytic properties compared to their bulk counterparts. Therefore, many efforts have been made to synthesize multidimensional nanostructures for new and efficient nanodevices. Among those materials, zinc oxide (ZnO) has gained substantial attention owing to many outstanding properties. ZnO besides its wide band gap of 3.34 eV exhibits a relatively large excitons binding energy (60 meV) at room temperature which is attractive for optoelectronic applications. Likewise, cupric oxide (CuO) has a narrow band gap of 1.2 eV and a variety of chemo-physical properties that are attractive in many fields. Moreover, composite nanostructures of these two oxides (CuO/ZnO) may pave the way for various new applications. So in this thesis, eight samples of CuO/ZnO junction were synthesized and exposed to temperatures 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120 and 130. The electrical properties of Schottky diode junctions were analyzed by I-V measurements under the influence of direct solar radiation and, lag of radiation (darkness) which shows the semi-logarithmic I-V characteristic curve of the fabricated photodiodes. Also energy band gap was estimated and the morphology and particle sizes of the as-prepared sample were determined by SEM. The SEM images of ZnO + CuO sample films were annealed at 60°C to 130°C step 10.展开更多
文摘Recently, mankind’s need for more amount of energy has been increasing day by day, though there is a trend to reduce the usage of the traditional energy source to an energy carrier (or fuel) that results in emitting harmful gases to the envi-ronment that is separated in the air and water. Researchers have conducted re-searches to increase projects that will generate clean and renewable energy. Us-age of renewable energy via mankind is in continuous progress such as solar en-ergy, bioenergy, ocean energy and wind energy. Wind energy waste while the car moved was used to produce electric energy. In this paper, the usage of unused wind energy in vehicles was developed so that additional power for vehicles was enable via converting wind power into electric one. The wind turbine was assem-bled from a fan and transducer. Indoor test showed generation of different elec-tric voltages when varying the ambient temperature. The main experiment was carried out so that the wind turbine was installed above the car;values of volt-ages in various speeds of the car were recorded. When two fans were used with different specifications, the consequence was a direct proportionality that changes the happened between voltages and car’s speeds. A comparison between the two fans showed that: the fan with big blade dimensions was the best one to generate voltages. Finally, the high voltages were generated in low temperatures. These results reveal that we can avail from wind energy to supply vehicles with electricity as long as vehicles move along the way.
文摘In this study the electromagnetic theory and quantum mechanics are utilized to find the resistivity in terms of electric and magnetic susceptibility in which the electron is considered as a wave. Critical temperature of the wire at which the resistance vanishes is found. In this case the resistance being imaginary which leads the real part of the resistance to real zero at critical temperature and the material becomes super conductor in this case. If one considers the motion of electron in the presence of inner magnetic field and resistance force, a new formula for the conductivity is to be found;this formula states that the material under investigation becomes a superconductor at critical temperature and depends on the strength of the magnetic field and friction resistance, and the substance conductivity is found to be super at all temperatures beyond the critical temperature.
文摘Research on nonmaterials has become increasingly popular because of their unique physical, chemical, optical and catalytic properties compared to their bulk counterparts. Therefore, many efforts have been made to synthesize multidimensional nanostructures for new and efficient nanodevices. Among those materials, zinc oxide (ZnO) has gained substantial attention owing to many outstanding properties. ZnO besides its wide band gap of 3.34 eV exhibits a relatively large excitons binding energy (60 meV) at room temperature which is attractive for optoelectronic applications. Likewise, cupric oxide (CuO) has a narrow band gap of 1.2 eV and a variety of chemo-physical properties that are attractive in many fields. Moreover, composite nanostructures of these two oxides (CuO/ZnO) may pave the way for various new applications. So in this thesis, eight samples of CuO/ZnO junction were synthesized and exposed to temperatures 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120 and 130. The electrical properties of Schottky diode junctions were analyzed by I-V measurements under the influence of direct solar radiation and, lag of radiation (darkness) which shows the semi-logarithmic I-V characteristic curve of the fabricated photodiodes. Also energy band gap was estimated and the morphology and particle sizes of the as-prepared sample were determined by SEM. The SEM images of ZnO + CuO sample films were annealed at 60°C to 130°C step 10.
