The embryogenesis of lepidopteran insects has morphogenetic events accompanying the blastokinesis movements (anatrepsis and katatrepsis) in early and late stages, respectively. Katatrepsis is related to embryonic move...The embryogenesis of lepidopteran insects has morphogenetic events accompanying the blastokinesis movements (anatrepsis and katatrepsis) in early and late stages, respectively. Katatrepsis is related to embryonic movement with yolk mass and regression of amnioserosa folds in the second half of the development cycle. The whole mount method and differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC) were used for analysing the embryonic developmental changes. Those changes in the middle and late embryonic periods were described and divided into eight stages: 1) Completion of segmentation and differentiation of cephalic and thoracic appendages (32 - 40 hours post-oviposition h. PO);2) Expanded growth of cephalo-gnathal and abdominal parts (41 - 60 h. PO);3) Completion of thoracic appendages and appearance of pleuropodia, katatrepsis (60 - 70 h. PO);4) Pre-revolution morphogenetic movement of the cephalo-gnathal region (71 - 80 h. PO);5) revolution of the embryo (81 - 100 h. PO);6) Beginning of dorsal closure (101 - 115 h. PO);7) completion of dorsal closure (116 - 120 h. PO);and 8) full-grown embryo just before hatching (121 - 144 h. PO).展开更多
The increased importance of the G. mellonella for wide range of scientific research and commercial sides will need to create a germplasm resource banking by cryopreservation. Impermeability is a fundamental limiting f...The increased importance of the G. mellonella for wide range of scientific research and commercial sides will need to create a germplasm resource banking by cryopreservation. Impermeability is a fundamental limiting factor for the successful cryopreservation of arthropods embryos. The successful permeability of Drosophila embryo by using an embryo permeabilization solvent (EPS) solution encouraged this trial on G. mellonella embryos (stage of 24 hours Post-oviposition (h PO)). Permeability assessment with Rhodamine B and crystal violet dyes showed that G. mellonella embryos can be permeabilized by EPS of D-limonene that has 3 mol ethoxylated alcohol. The permeabilization for 30 sec exposure time was resulted 61.5% ± 5.8% survival rate, 31.7% ± 3.1% uptakes dyes and 40.5% ± 0.3% was the survival rate post loading in 12% Ethylene glycol (EG). The low viability after immersion in liquid nitrogen (LN) (0.6% ± 0.08%) is due to the dual toxicity of EPS and cryoprotectant (CPA) solutions. However, fluorescence images showed sufficient permeability that confirms the possibility to increase the permeability of G. mellonella embryos with EPS solution, and to have the opportunity to improve the viability after LN by improving procedures of loading and dehydration with various CPAs and exposure times, which decrease the toxicity effect.展开更多
文摘The embryogenesis of lepidopteran insects has morphogenetic events accompanying the blastokinesis movements (anatrepsis and katatrepsis) in early and late stages, respectively. Katatrepsis is related to embryonic movement with yolk mass and regression of amnioserosa folds in the second half of the development cycle. The whole mount method and differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC) were used for analysing the embryonic developmental changes. Those changes in the middle and late embryonic periods were described and divided into eight stages: 1) Completion of segmentation and differentiation of cephalic and thoracic appendages (32 - 40 hours post-oviposition h. PO);2) Expanded growth of cephalo-gnathal and abdominal parts (41 - 60 h. PO);3) Completion of thoracic appendages and appearance of pleuropodia, katatrepsis (60 - 70 h. PO);4) Pre-revolution morphogenetic movement of the cephalo-gnathal region (71 - 80 h. PO);5) revolution of the embryo (81 - 100 h. PO);6) Beginning of dorsal closure (101 - 115 h. PO);7) completion of dorsal closure (116 - 120 h. PO);and 8) full-grown embryo just before hatching (121 - 144 h. PO).
文摘The increased importance of the G. mellonella for wide range of scientific research and commercial sides will need to create a germplasm resource banking by cryopreservation. Impermeability is a fundamental limiting factor for the successful cryopreservation of arthropods embryos. The successful permeability of Drosophila embryo by using an embryo permeabilization solvent (EPS) solution encouraged this trial on G. mellonella embryos (stage of 24 hours Post-oviposition (h PO)). Permeability assessment with Rhodamine B and crystal violet dyes showed that G. mellonella embryos can be permeabilized by EPS of D-limonene that has 3 mol ethoxylated alcohol. The permeabilization for 30 sec exposure time was resulted 61.5% ± 5.8% survival rate, 31.7% ± 3.1% uptakes dyes and 40.5% ± 0.3% was the survival rate post loading in 12% Ethylene glycol (EG). The low viability after immersion in liquid nitrogen (LN) (0.6% ± 0.08%) is due to the dual toxicity of EPS and cryoprotectant (CPA) solutions. However, fluorescence images showed sufficient permeability that confirms the possibility to increase the permeability of G. mellonella embryos with EPS solution, and to have the opportunity to improve the viability after LN by improving procedures of loading and dehydration with various CPAs and exposure times, which decrease the toxicity effect.
