Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anaemia in School and College Going Students of District Shaheed Benazirabad Sindh Province, Pakistan

The present study aimed to estimate the occurrence of Iron Deficiency anemia (IDA) in school and college going students (aged 11 - 18 years). Anemia is the most public health problem in school age children. It has a wide range of adverse results involving, poor cognitive performance, poor development of infants, preschool and school-aged children. Anemia also causes the impairment of physical capacity, work performance of adolescents and adults, reduction in immune competence and increased morbidity from infections in all age groups. Our study based on 1686 volunteers was randomly selected from different Government High schools and colleges. A Questionnaire was utilized for data collection. BMI was also calculated by dividing weight in kg by the square of height in meters. Hemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrite (Hct), Mean Corpuscular volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), white blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell was examined using Sysmex kx-21N hemoglobin auto analyzer (Hedwin, 2008). The total percentage of anaemic students (43.1%) and non-anaemic (56.9%) were observed in district Shaheed Benazirabad. The mean Hb level of anaemic students (11.1 ± 4.94) was observed. In males (12.7%) and females (30.4%) anemic was observed. The prevalence of anemia high (16.2%) was observed in the age of 14 - 16 years. The majority of anemic patients (30.2%) belonged to low income group. Area wise prevalence, in rural areas 27.8% and urban areas 15.3% volunteers anaemic was observed. Taluka wise occurrence of anaemia in taluka Sakrand was (14.6%), in taluka Kazi Ahmed (15.0%), in taluka Daur (8.0%) and in taluka Nawabshah was (5.5%). Clinically signs and symptoms showed, pale skin 57.7% and weakness 42.3% were observed in school children.

Double‑Layer Nanofibrous Sponge Tube via Electrospun Fiber and Yarn for Promoting Urethral Regeneration

Insufficient bionic performance is a structural obstacle and makes urethral repair unobtainable.To overcome this challenge,we mimicked the urethral matrix and applied two electrospinning techniques to build a double-layer sponge tube of nanofib-ers and nanoyarns.Intriguingly,silk fibroin(SF)and vitamin B5(VitB5)could be introduced to increase the elasticity of the outer layer and reduce the hydrophobicity to further improve mesenchymal cell proliferation.Systematic experiments validated the bionic structure,biocompatibility,and exosome delivery capacity in this scaffold.We achieved scarless urethral repair by delivering the bioactive growth factors from adipose-derived stem cell exosomes by physical absorption.Biological regeneration of the urethra can be accomplished with continuous epithelium in animals.Furthermore,bioinformatics studies revealed that the expression of cell proliferation and fibrotic genes(e.g.,Wnt7a,cfa-miR-574)was responsible for the bio-logical regeneration of the adipose-derived stem cells exosomes(ADSC-exos)by delivering poly l-lactide-co-caprolactone/SF/VitB5 bilayer sponge(PSVBS)via reduced fibrosis gene expression,as well as improved epithelial formation and blood vessel formation.Therefore,the PSVBS design appeared to be an instructive approach for urethral and other tubular organ regeneration.

Fabrication and characterization of Antheraea pernyi silk fibroin-blended P（LLA-CL） nanofibrous scaffolds for peripheral nerve tissue engineering

Electrospun nanofibers have gained widespreading interest for tissue engineering application. In the present study, ApF/P（LLA-CL） nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated via electrospinning. The feasibility of the material as tissue engineering nerve scaffold was investigated in vitro. The average diameter increased with decreasing the blend ratio of ApF to P（LLA-CL）. Characterization of 13C NMR and FTIR clarified that there is no obvious chemical bond reaction between ApF and P（LLA-CL）. The tensile strength and elongation at break increased with the content increase of P（LLA-CL）. The surface hydrophilic property of nanofibrous scaffolds enhanced with the increased content of ApF. Cell viability studies with Schwann cells demonstrated that ApFIP（LLA-CL） blended nanofibrous scaffolds significantly promoted cell growth as compare to P（LLA-CL）, especially when the weight ratio of ApF to P（LLA-CL） was 25：75. The present work provides a basis for further studies of this novel nanofibrous material （ApF/P（LLA-CL）） in peripheral nerve tissue repair or regeneration.