The Far North Region of Cameroon is home to a great diversity of bird species, which unfortunately remains very little explored. This work was initiated to establish an inventory of birds and the factors affecting the...The Far North Region of Cameroon is home to a great diversity of bird species, which unfortunately remains very little explored. This work was initiated to establish an inventory of birds and the factors affecting their diversity and distribution for sustainable management in the Kalfou Forest Reserve (KFR) and its periphery. Two methods were used for sampling, linear strip transects from which direct counts and indirect observations were made and the mist netting to complement the first. In total, 2525 birds were observed, including 149 species, belonging to 20 orders and 55 families. Accipitridae had the greatest number of species (11). The species richness was greater in the KFR (117 species) compared to the periphery (95 species). The specific richness was higher in wooded savannah compared to other habitats. Shannon index was significantly higher in the KFR (3.99) compared to that obtained in the periphery (3.80). The value of the Simpson index was higher on the outskirts of the KFR than on the periphery. The indices of species diversity were greater in the wooded savannah compared to other vegetation types. The seasons had no influence on bird diversity. Among the human activities encountered, the pressure indices were more important for grazing (7.3 contacts/km). Human activities have resulted in a significant decrease in specific richness. Six endangered species were encountered, four belonging to the Accipitridae family. The greater bird diversity in the reserve compared to the periphery shows that protected areas are a long-term solution for biodiversity conservation.展开更多
Federated learning has been used extensively in business inno-vation scenarios in various industries.This research adopts the federated learning approach for the first time to address the issue of bank-enterprise info...Federated learning has been used extensively in business inno-vation scenarios in various industries.This research adopts the federated learning approach for the first time to address the issue of bank-enterprise information asymmetry in the credit assessment scenario.First,this research designs a credit risk assessment model based on federated learning and feature selection for micro and small enterprises(MSEs)using multi-dimensional enterprise data and multi-perspective enterprise information.The proposed model includes four main processes:namely encrypted entity alignment,hybrid feature selection,secure multi-party computation,and global model updating.Secondly,a two-step feature selection algorithm based on wrapper and filter is designed to construct the optimal feature set in multi-source heterogeneous data,which can provide excellent accuracy and interpretability.In addition,a local update screening strategy is proposed to select trustworthy model parameters for aggregation each time to ensure the quality of the global model.The results of the study show that the model error rate is reduced by 6.22%and the recall rate is improved by 11.03%compared to the algorithms commonly used in credit risk research,significantly improving the ability to identify defaulters.Finally,the business operations of commercial banks are used to confirm the potential of the proposed model for real-world implementation.展开更多
To secure web applications from Man-In-The-Middle(MITM)and phishing attacks is a challenging task nowadays.For this purpose,authen-tication protocol plays a vital role in web communication which securely transfers dat...To secure web applications from Man-In-The-Middle(MITM)and phishing attacks is a challenging task nowadays.For this purpose,authen-tication protocol plays a vital role in web communication which securely transfers data from one party to another.This authentication works via OpenID,Kerberos,password authentication protocols,etc.However,there are still some limitations present in the reported security protocols.In this paper,the presented anticipated strategy secures both Web-based attacks by leveraging encoded emails and a novel password form pattern method.The proposed OpenID-based encrypted Email’s Authentication,Authorization,and Accounting(EAAA)protocol ensure security by relying on the email authenticity and a Special Secret Encrypted Alphanumeric String(SSEAS).This string is deployed on both the relying party and the email server,which is unique and trustworthy.The first authentication,OpenID Uniform Resource Locator(URL)identity,is performed on the identity provider side.A second authentication is carried out by the hidden Email’s server side and receives a third authentication link.This Email’s third SSEAS authentication link manages on the relying party(RP).Compared to existing cryptographic single sign-on protocols,the EAAA protocol ensures that an OpenID URL’s identity is secured from MITM and phishing attacks.This study manages two attacks such as MITM and phishing attacks and gives 339 ms response time which is higher than the already reported methods,such as Single Sign-On(SSO)and OpenID.The experimental sites were examined by 72 information technology(IT)specialists,who found that 88.89%of respondents successfully validated the user authorization provided to them via Email.The proposed EAAA protocol minimizes the higher-level risk of MITM and phishing attacks in an OpenID-based atmosphere.展开更多
Emotion Recognition in Conversations(ERC)is fundamental in creating emotionally intelligentmachines.Graph-BasedNetwork(GBN)models have gained popularity in detecting conversational contexts for ERC tasks.However,their...Emotion Recognition in Conversations(ERC)is fundamental in creating emotionally intelligentmachines.Graph-BasedNetwork(GBN)models have gained popularity in detecting conversational contexts for ERC tasks.However,their limited ability to collect and acquire contextual information hinders their effectiveness.We propose a Text Augmentation-based computational model for recognizing emotions using transformers(TA-MERT)to address this.The proposed model uses the Multimodal Emotion Lines Dataset(MELD),which ensures a balanced representation for recognizing human emotions.Themodel used text augmentation techniques to producemore training data,improving the proposed model’s accuracy.Transformer encoders train the deep neural network(DNN)model,especially Bidirectional Encoder(BE)representations that capture both forward and backward contextual information.This integration improves the accuracy and robustness of the proposed model.Furthermore,we present a method for balancing the training dataset by creating enhanced samples from the original dataset.By balancing the dataset across all emotion categories,we can lessen the adverse effects of data imbalance on the accuracy of the proposed model.Experimental results on the MELD dataset show that TA-MERT outperforms earlier methods,achieving a weighted F1 score of 62.60%and an accuracy of 64.36%.Overall,the proposed TA-MERT model solves the GBN models’weaknesses in obtaining contextual data for ERC.TA-MERT model recognizes human emotions more accurately by employing text augmentation and transformer-based encoding.The balanced dataset and the additional training samples also enhance its resilience.These findings highlight the significance of transformer-based approaches for special emotion recognition in conversations.展开更多
Germination,a powerful biofortification technique,holds immense potential in bolstering the micronutrient profile of essential staple grains,thereby paving the way for optimal nutritional enhancement.The primary goal ...Germination,a powerful biofortification technique,holds immense potential in bolstering the micronutrient profile of essential staple grains,thereby paving the way for optimal nutritional enhancement.The primary goal of this study was to improve the technological functionality of germinated wheat flour by incorporating pentosanase(Pn)and glucose oxidase(Gox)enzymes,with particular emphasis on the evolutionary changes in its components.The inclusion of Gox did not produce any substantial impact on the volumetric characteristics of the steamed bread.The incorporation of Pn and Gox has been seen to enhance the overall excellence of steamed bread by optimizing loaf volume and textural characteristics while also improving the thermal stability of the dough.The existence of two endothermic peaks could be attributed to bound water or alterations in the granules within the starch crystallization region.Adding Pn and Gox reduced and increased the formation and stability time of the dough,respectively.A certain ratio was employed to assess alternations in the crystallinity of starch granules over a limited range.After steaming,a significant decrease in IR1047/1022 was observed,indicating that the elevated temperature partially disrupted the internal starch crystal structure,leading to a gelatinization reaction with water.The ratio of tensile resistance(R)and elongation(E)of dough increased significantly compared to the control.The results obtained from this study indicate that the simultaneous inclusion of enzymes(Pn+Gox)holds significant promise for expanding the technological functionality of germinated wheat flour dough and improving the quality attributes of steamed bread.展开更多
The Internet of Things(IoT)and cloud technologies have encouraged massive data storage at central repositories.Software-defined networks(SDN)support the processing of data and restrict the transmission of duplicate va...The Internet of Things(IoT)and cloud technologies have encouraged massive data storage at central repositories.Software-defined networks(SDN)support the processing of data and restrict the transmission of duplicate values.It is necessary to use a data de-duplication mechanism to reduce communication costs and storage overhead.Existing State of the art schemes suffer from computational overhead due to deterministic or random tree-based tags generation which further increases as the file size grows.This paper presents an efficient file-level de-duplication scheme(EFDS)where the cost of creating tags is reduced by employing a hash table with key-value pair for each block of the file.Further,an algorithm for hash table-based duplicate block identification and storage(HDBIS)is presented based on fingerprints that maintain a linked list of similar duplicate blocks on the same index.Hash tables normally have a consistent time complexity for lookup,generating,and deleting stored data regardless of the input size.The experiential results show that the proposed EFDS scheme performs better compared to its counterparts.展开更多
Experimental and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are investigated through the vortex tube system. The benefit of vortex tube is a counter flow type tube, which has further designed and fabricated for investigation....Experimental and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are investigated through the vortex tube system. The benefit of vortex tube is a counter flow type tube, which has further designed and fabricated for investigation. The whole set up is consisting of a simple device that can separate a single stream of compressed air into two streams;one is at high temperature and the other is lower temperature following an inlet gas stream. The advantages of this tube are their compactness, safety, and low equipment cost mainly used in cooling and heating applications. This study addressed three-dimensional flows;the domain is using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method and experimental approach to optimize the direction of RHVT. Through the CFD analysis, the best cold end diameter (dc), number of nozzles, and the best parameters for obtaining the highest hot gas temperature and lowest cold gas temperature were obtained and verified by experimental procedures.展开更多
Hijama is an alternative mode of treatment also known as cupping therapy. It involves removal of subcutaneous stagnant blood through suction cups after making superficial incisions at particular area of the body. This...Hijama is an alternative mode of treatment also known as cupping therapy. It involves removal of subcutaneous stagnant blood through suction cups after making superficial incisions at particular area of the body. This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of hijama in sciatica pain at Aligarh Shifa hospital. 92 patients with the history of sciatica were selected randomly between 18 - 75 years of age and hijama cups were applied generally at C7, T2 and L5/S1 vertebrae, while two cups were also applied bilaterally on L4/L5 vertebrae, four cups were additionally applied on hip joint, back of thigh, knee and calf muscle, all cups were applied thrice at an interval of 15 days between each session. The decrease in sciatic pain was assessed after three sessions of Hijama by numeric pain rating scale there was overall significant reduction in pain with 67 percent patients showing relief in pain up to varying degree. Present study suggests that hijama has been found to be effective in relieving pain and improving quality of life in majority of the patient’s, hence may be used as effective alternative tool to alleviate pain.展开更多
Flavonoids are widely-distributed polyphenolic secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities in plants and benefit human health as protective dietary agents.They participate in plants' responses to hars...Flavonoids are widely-distributed polyphenolic secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities in plants and benefit human health as protective dietary agents.They participate in plants' responses to harsh environmental conditions and effectively regulate the cell differentiation and growth.In plants,the majority of their functions are attributed to their strong antioxidative properties.Similarly,dietary flavonoids protect the human body against free radicals which are associated with the development of cancer and atherosclerosis.Plants rich in polyphenols have been used to cure various diseases because of their antibacterial,antiviral,antifungal and anticancer properties.This review summarizes the up-to-date research trends and development on flavonoids and its derivatives,working mechanisms and potential functions and applications particularly in relation to plant protection and human health.Towards the end,notable concluding remarks with a close-up look at the future research directions have also been presented briefly.展开更多
Internet of Vehicles(IoV)is an evolution of the Internet of Things(IoT)to improve the capabilities of vehicular ad-hoc networks(VANETs)in intelligence transport systems.The network topology in IoV paradigm is highly d...Internet of Vehicles(IoV)is an evolution of the Internet of Things(IoT)to improve the capabilities of vehicular ad-hoc networks(VANETs)in intelligence transport systems.The network topology in IoV paradigm is highly dynamic.Clustering is one of the promising solutions to maintain the route stability in the dynamic network.However,existing algorithms consume a considerable amount of time in the cluster head(CH)selection process.Thus,this study proposes a mobility aware dynamic clustering-based routing(MADCR)protocol in IoV to maximize the lifespan of networks and reduce the end-to-end delay of vehicles.The MADCR protocol consists of cluster formation and CH selection processes.A cluster is formed on the basis of Euclidean distance.The CH is then chosen using the mayfly optimization algorithm(MOA).The CH subsequently receives vehicle data and forwards such data to the Road Side Unit(RSU).The performance of the MADCR protocol is compared with that ofAnt Colony Optimization(ACO),Comprehensive Learning Particle Swarm Optimization(CLPSO),and Clustering Algorithm for Internet of Vehicles based on Dragonfly Optimizer(CAVDO).The proposed MADCR protocol decreases the end-toend delay by 5–80 ms and increases the packet delivery ratio by 5%–15%.展开更多
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),is a disease spectrum characterized by fat accumulation in hepatocytes presenting as hepatic steatosis to advance disease with active hepatic inflammation,known as nonalcoholic...Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),is a disease spectrum characterized by fat accumulation in hepatocytes presenting as hepatic steatosis to advance disease with active hepatic inflammation,known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.Chronic steatohepatitis will lead to progressive hepatic fibrosis causing cirrhosis and increased risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Fatty liver disease prevalence has increased at alarming rates alongside obesity,diabetes and metabolic syndrome to become the second most common cause of cirrhosis after alcohol related liver disease worldwide.Given this rise in prevalence,it is becoming increasingly more important to find non-invasive methods to diagnose disease early and stage hepatic fibrosis.Providing clinicians with the tools to diagnose and treat the full spectrum of NAFLD will help prevent known complications such as cirrhosis and HCC and improve quality of life for the patients suffering from this disease.This article discusses the utility of current noninvasive liver function testing in the clinical progression of fatty liver disease along with the imaging modalities that are available.Additionally,we summarize available treatment options including targeted medical therapy through four different pathways,surgical or endoscopic intervention.展开更多
Internet of Things(IoT)defines a network of devices connected to the internet and sharing a massive amount of data between each other and a central location.These IoT devices are connected to a network therefore prone...Internet of Things(IoT)defines a network of devices connected to the internet and sharing a massive amount of data between each other and a central location.These IoT devices are connected to a network therefore prone to attacks.Various management tasks and network operations such as security,intrusion detection,Quality-of-Service provisioning,performance monitoring,resource provisioning,and traffic engineering require traffic classification.Due to the ineffectiveness of traditional classification schemes,such as port-based and payload-based methods,researchers proposed machine learning-based traffic classification systems based on shallow neural networks.Furthermore,machine learning-based models incline to misclassify internet traffic due to improper feature selection.In this research,an efficient multilayer deep learning based classification system is presented to overcome these challenges that can classify internet traffic.To examine the performance of the proposed technique,Moore-dataset is used for training the classifier.The proposed scheme takes the pre-processed data and extracts the flow features using a deep neural network(DNN).In particular,the maximum entropy classifier is used to classify the internet traffic.The experimental results show that the proposed hybrid deep learning algorithm is effective and achieved high accuracy for internet traffic classification,i.e.,99.23%.Furthermore,the proposed algorithm achieved the highest accuracy compared to the support vector machine(SVM)based classification technique and k-nearest neighbours(KNNs)based classification technique.展开更多
Rapid industrialization and urbanization along with a growing population are contributing significantly to air pollution in China.Evaluation of long-term aerosol optical depth(AOD)data from models and reanalysis,can g...Rapid industrialization and urbanization along with a growing population are contributing significantly to air pollution in China.Evaluation of long-term aerosol optical depth(AOD)data from models and reanalysis,can greatly promote understanding of spatiotemporal variations in air pollution in China.To do this,AOD(550 nm)values from 2000 to 2014 were obtained from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CIMP6),the second version of Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research,and Applications(MERRA-2),and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS;flying on the Terra satellite)combined Dark Target and Deep Blue(DTB)aerosol product.We used the TerraMODIS DTB AOD(hereafter MODIS DTB AOD)as a standard to evaluate CMIP6 Ensemble AOD(hereafter CMIP6 AOD)and MERRA-2 reanalysis AOD(hereafter MERRA-2 AOD).Results show better correlations and smaller errors between MERRA-2 and MODIS DTB AOD,than between CMIP6 and MODIS DTB AOD,in most regions of China,at both annual and seasonal scales.However,significant under-and over-estimations in the MERRA-2 and CMIP6 AOD were also observed relative to MODIS DTB AOD.The long-term(2000-2014)MODIS DTB AOD distributions show the highest AOD over the North China Plain(0.71)followed by Central China(0.69),Yangtse River Delta(0.67),Sichuan Basin(0.64),and Pearl River Delta(0.54)regions.The lowest AOD values were recorded over the Tibetan Plateau(0.13±0.01)followed by Qinghai(0.19±0.03)and the Gobi Desert(0.21±0.03).Large amounts of sand and dust particles emitted from natural sources(the Taklamakan and Gobi Deserts)may result in higher AOD in spring compared to summer,autumn,and winter.Trends were also calculated for 2000-2005,for2006-2010(when China introduced strict air pollution control policies during the 11 th Five Year Plan or FYP),and for 2011-2014(during the 12 th FYP).An increasing trend in MODIS DTB AOD was observed throughout the country during 2000-2014.The uncontrolled industrialization,urbanization,and rapid economic development that mostly occurred from 2000 to 2005 probably contributed to the overall increase in AOD.Finally,China’s air pollution control policies helped to reduce AOD in most regions of the country;this was more evident during the 12 th FYP period(2011-2014)than during the 11 th FYP period(2006-2010).Therefore this study strongly advises the authority to retain or extend these policies in the future for improving air quality.展开更多
Cyber-Physical Systems(CPS)comprise interactive computation,networking,and physical processes.The integrative environment of CPS enables the smart systems to be aware of the surrounding physical world.Smart systems,su...Cyber-Physical Systems(CPS)comprise interactive computation,networking,and physical processes.The integrative environment of CPS enables the smart systems to be aware of the surrounding physical world.Smart systems,such as smart health care systems,smart homes,smart transportation,and smart cities,are made up of complex and dynamic CPS.The components integration development approach should be based on the divide and conquer theory.This way multiple interactive components can reduce the development complexity inCPS.As reusability enhances efficiency and consistency in CPS,encapsulation of component functionalities and a well-designed user interface is vital for the better end-user’s Quality of Experience(QoE).Thus,incorrect interaction of interfaces in the cyber-physical system causes system failures.Usually,interface failures occur due to false,and ambiguous requirements analysis and specification.Therefore,to resolve this issue semantic analysis is required for different stakeholders’viewpoint analysis during requirement specification and components analysis.This work proposes a framework to improve the CPS component integration process,starting from requirement specification to prioritization of components for configurable.For semantic analysis and assessing the reusability of specifications,the framework uses text mining and case-based reasoning techniques.The framework has been tested experimentally,and the results show a significant reduction in ambiguity,redundancy,and irrelevancy,as well as increasing accuracy of interface interactions,component selection,and higher user satisfaction.展开更多
The generation and controlled or uncontrolled release of hydrocarbon-contaminated industrial wastewater effluents to water matrices are a major environmental concern.The contaminated water comes to surface in the form...The generation and controlled or uncontrolled release of hydrocarbon-contaminated industrial wastewater effluents to water matrices are a major environmental concern.The contaminated water comes to surface in the form of stable emulsions,which sometimes require different techniques to mitigate or separate effectively.Both the crude emulsions and hydrocarbon-contaminated wastewater effluents contain suspended solids,oil/grease,organic matter,toxic elements,salts,and recalcitrant chemicals.Suitable treatment of crude oil emulsions has been one of the most important challenges due to the complex nature and the substantial amount of generated waste.Moreover,the recovery of oil from waste will help meet the increasing demand for oil and its derivatives.In this context,functional nanostructured materials with smart surfaces and switchable wettability properties have gained increasing attention because of their excellent performance in the separation of oil–water emulsions.Recent improvements in the design,composition,morphology,and fine-tuning of polymeric nanostructured materials have resulted in enhanced demulsification functionalities.Herein,we reviewed the environmental impacts of crude oil emulsions and hydrocarbon-contaminated wastewater effluents.Their effective treatments by smart polymeric nanostructured materials with wettability properties have been stated with suitable examples.The fundamental mechanisms underpinning the efficient separation of oil–water emulsions are discussed with suitable examples along with the future perspectives of smart materials.展开更多
An unsteady viscous fluid flow with Dufour and Soret effect,which results in heat and mass transfer due to upward and downward motion of flexible rotating disk,has been studied.The upward or downward motion of non rot...An unsteady viscous fluid flow with Dufour and Soret effect,which results in heat and mass transfer due to upward and downward motion of flexible rotating disk,has been studied.The upward or downward motion of non rotating disk results in two dimensional flow,while the vertical action and rotation of the disk results in three dimensional flow.By using an appropriate transformation the governing equations are transformed into the system of ordinary differential equations.The system of ordinary differential equations is further converted into first order differential equation by selecting suitable variables.Then,we generalize the model by using the Caputo derivative.The numerical result for the fractional model is presented and validated with Runge Kutta order 4 method for classical case.The compared results are presented in Table and Figures.It is concluded that the fractional model is more realistic than that of classical one,because it simulates the fluid behavior at each fractional value rather than the integral values.展开更多
文摘The Far North Region of Cameroon is home to a great diversity of bird species, which unfortunately remains very little explored. This work was initiated to establish an inventory of birds and the factors affecting their diversity and distribution for sustainable management in the Kalfou Forest Reserve (KFR) and its periphery. Two methods were used for sampling, linear strip transects from which direct counts and indirect observations were made and the mist netting to complement the first. In total, 2525 birds were observed, including 149 species, belonging to 20 orders and 55 families. Accipitridae had the greatest number of species (11). The species richness was greater in the KFR (117 species) compared to the periphery (95 species). The specific richness was higher in wooded savannah compared to other habitats. Shannon index was significantly higher in the KFR (3.99) compared to that obtained in the periphery (3.80). The value of the Simpson index was higher on the outskirts of the KFR than on the periphery. The indices of species diversity were greater in the wooded savannah compared to other vegetation types. The seasons had no influence on bird diversity. Among the human activities encountered, the pressure indices were more important for grazing (7.3 contacts/km). Human activities have resulted in a significant decrease in specific richness. Six endangered species were encountered, four belonging to the Accipitridae family. The greater bird diversity in the reserve compared to the periphery shows that protected areas are a long-term solution for biodiversity conservation.
基金National Science and Technology Major Project(No.J2019-III-0005-0048)Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Nos.2021YFA0716200/2022YFB4003900)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51976216,51888103,52161145105/M-0139)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.JQ20017)Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.YJKYYQ20210006,GJTD-2020-07),CAS-TWAS Scholarships。
基金funded by the State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Company(Grant No.JS2020112)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62272236).
文摘Federated learning has been used extensively in business inno-vation scenarios in various industries.This research adopts the federated learning approach for the first time to address the issue of bank-enterprise information asymmetry in the credit assessment scenario.First,this research designs a credit risk assessment model based on federated learning and feature selection for micro and small enterprises(MSEs)using multi-dimensional enterprise data and multi-perspective enterprise information.The proposed model includes four main processes:namely encrypted entity alignment,hybrid feature selection,secure multi-party computation,and global model updating.Secondly,a two-step feature selection algorithm based on wrapper and filter is designed to construct the optimal feature set in multi-source heterogeneous data,which can provide excellent accuracy and interpretability.In addition,a local update screening strategy is proposed to select trustworthy model parameters for aggregation each time to ensure the quality of the global model.The results of the study show that the model error rate is reduced by 6.22%and the recall rate is improved by 11.03%compared to the algorithms commonly used in credit risk research,significantly improving the ability to identify defaulters.Finally,the business operations of commercial banks are used to confirm the potential of the proposed model for real-world implementation.
文摘To secure web applications from Man-In-The-Middle(MITM)and phishing attacks is a challenging task nowadays.For this purpose,authen-tication protocol plays a vital role in web communication which securely transfers data from one party to another.This authentication works via OpenID,Kerberos,password authentication protocols,etc.However,there are still some limitations present in the reported security protocols.In this paper,the presented anticipated strategy secures both Web-based attacks by leveraging encoded emails and a novel password form pattern method.The proposed OpenID-based encrypted Email’s Authentication,Authorization,and Accounting(EAAA)protocol ensure security by relying on the email authenticity and a Special Secret Encrypted Alphanumeric String(SSEAS).This string is deployed on both the relying party and the email server,which is unique and trustworthy.The first authentication,OpenID Uniform Resource Locator(URL)identity,is performed on the identity provider side.A second authentication is carried out by the hidden Email’s server side and receives a third authentication link.This Email’s third SSEAS authentication link manages on the relying party(RP).Compared to existing cryptographic single sign-on protocols,the EAAA protocol ensures that an OpenID URL’s identity is secured from MITM and phishing attacks.This study manages two attacks such as MITM and phishing attacks and gives 339 ms response time which is higher than the already reported methods,such as Single Sign-On(SSO)and OpenID.The experimental sites were examined by 72 information technology(IT)specialists,who found that 88.89%of respondents successfully validated the user authorization provided to them via Email.The proposed EAAA protocol minimizes the higher-level risk of MITM and phishing attacks in an OpenID-based atmosphere.
文摘Emotion Recognition in Conversations(ERC)is fundamental in creating emotionally intelligentmachines.Graph-BasedNetwork(GBN)models have gained popularity in detecting conversational contexts for ERC tasks.However,their limited ability to collect and acquire contextual information hinders their effectiveness.We propose a Text Augmentation-based computational model for recognizing emotions using transformers(TA-MERT)to address this.The proposed model uses the Multimodal Emotion Lines Dataset(MELD),which ensures a balanced representation for recognizing human emotions.Themodel used text augmentation techniques to producemore training data,improving the proposed model’s accuracy.Transformer encoders train the deep neural network(DNN)model,especially Bidirectional Encoder(BE)representations that capture both forward and backward contextual information.This integration improves the accuracy and robustness of the proposed model.Furthermore,we present a method for balancing the training dataset by creating enhanced samples from the original dataset.By balancing the dataset across all emotion categories,we can lessen the adverse effects of data imbalance on the accuracy of the proposed model.Experimental results on the MELD dataset show that TA-MERT outperforms earlier methods,achieving a weighted F1 score of 62.60%and an accuracy of 64.36%.Overall,the proposed TA-MERT model solves the GBN models’weaknesses in obtaining contextual data for ERC.TA-MERT model recognizes human emotions more accurately by employing text augmentation and transformer-based encoding.The balanced dataset and the additional training samples also enhance its resilience.These findings highlight the significance of transformer-based approaches for special emotion recognition in conversations.
基金supported by the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2022QNRC001)National Key Research and Development Plan Project(2022YFD2301401)+4 种基金Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20211576)the Central Government Guides Local Funds(ZYYD2023A13)Key Technology Research and Development Program of Hainan Province(ZDYF2022XDNY233)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018 M630564)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development(PAPD)of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Germination,a powerful biofortification technique,holds immense potential in bolstering the micronutrient profile of essential staple grains,thereby paving the way for optimal nutritional enhancement.The primary goal of this study was to improve the technological functionality of germinated wheat flour by incorporating pentosanase(Pn)and glucose oxidase(Gox)enzymes,with particular emphasis on the evolutionary changes in its components.The inclusion of Gox did not produce any substantial impact on the volumetric characteristics of the steamed bread.The incorporation of Pn and Gox has been seen to enhance the overall excellence of steamed bread by optimizing loaf volume and textural characteristics while also improving the thermal stability of the dough.The existence of two endothermic peaks could be attributed to bound water or alterations in the granules within the starch crystallization region.Adding Pn and Gox reduced and increased the formation and stability time of the dough,respectively.A certain ratio was employed to assess alternations in the crystallinity of starch granules over a limited range.After steaming,a significant decrease in IR1047/1022 was observed,indicating that the elevated temperature partially disrupted the internal starch crystal structure,leading to a gelatinization reaction with water.The ratio of tensile resistance(R)and elongation(E)of dough increased significantly compared to the control.The results obtained from this study indicate that the simultaneous inclusion of enzymes(Pn+Gox)holds significant promise for expanding the technological functionality of germinated wheat flour dough and improving the quality attributes of steamed bread.
基金supported in part by Hankuk University of Foreign Studies’Research Fund for 2023 and in part by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT Korea No.2021R1F1A1045933.
文摘The Internet of Things(IoT)and cloud technologies have encouraged massive data storage at central repositories.Software-defined networks(SDN)support the processing of data and restrict the transmission of duplicate values.It is necessary to use a data de-duplication mechanism to reduce communication costs and storage overhead.Existing State of the art schemes suffer from computational overhead due to deterministic or random tree-based tags generation which further increases as the file size grows.This paper presents an efficient file-level de-duplication scheme(EFDS)where the cost of creating tags is reduced by employing a hash table with key-value pair for each block of the file.Further,an algorithm for hash table-based duplicate block identification and storage(HDBIS)is presented based on fingerprints that maintain a linked list of similar duplicate blocks on the same index.Hash tables normally have a consistent time complexity for lookup,generating,and deleting stored data regardless of the input size.The experiential results show that the proposed EFDS scheme performs better compared to its counterparts.
文摘Experimental and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are investigated through the vortex tube system. The benefit of vortex tube is a counter flow type tube, which has further designed and fabricated for investigation. The whole set up is consisting of a simple device that can separate a single stream of compressed air into two streams;one is at high temperature and the other is lower temperature following an inlet gas stream. The advantages of this tube are their compactness, safety, and low equipment cost mainly used in cooling and heating applications. This study addressed three-dimensional flows;the domain is using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method and experimental approach to optimize the direction of RHVT. Through the CFD analysis, the best cold end diameter (dc), number of nozzles, and the best parameters for obtaining the highest hot gas temperature and lowest cold gas temperature were obtained and verified by experimental procedures.
文摘Hijama is an alternative mode of treatment also known as cupping therapy. It involves removal of subcutaneous stagnant blood through suction cups after making superficial incisions at particular area of the body. This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of hijama in sciatica pain at Aligarh Shifa hospital. 92 patients with the history of sciatica were selected randomly between 18 - 75 years of age and hijama cups were applied generally at C7, T2 and L5/S1 vertebrae, while two cups were also applied bilaterally on L4/L5 vertebrae, four cups were additionally applied on hip joint, back of thigh, knee and calf muscle, all cups were applied thrice at an interval of 15 days between each session. The decrease in sciatic pain was assessed after three sessions of Hijama by numeric pain rating scale there was overall significant reduction in pain with 67 percent patients showing relief in pain up to varying degree. Present study suggests that hijama has been found to be effective in relieving pain and improving quality of life in majority of the patient’s, hence may be used as effective alternative tool to alleviate pain.
基金supported by the National High-Tech R&D Program of China (863 Program,2013AA103000)the earmarked fund for Shanghai Modern Leaf Vegetable Industry Technology Research System,China (201802)
文摘Flavonoids are widely-distributed polyphenolic secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities in plants and benefit human health as protective dietary agents.They participate in plants' responses to harsh environmental conditions and effectively regulate the cell differentiation and growth.In plants,the majority of their functions are attributed to their strong antioxidative properties.Similarly,dietary flavonoids protect the human body against free radicals which are associated with the development of cancer and atherosclerosis.Plants rich in polyphenols have been used to cure various diseases because of their antibacterial,antiviral,antifungal and anticancer properties.This review summarizes the up-to-date research trends and development on flavonoids and its derivatives,working mechanisms and potential functions and applications particularly in relation to plant protection and human health.Towards the end,notable concluding remarks with a close-up look at the future research directions have also been presented briefly.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61821001)Science and Tech-nology Key Project of Guangdong Province,China(2019B010157001).
文摘Internet of Vehicles(IoV)is an evolution of the Internet of Things(IoT)to improve the capabilities of vehicular ad-hoc networks(VANETs)in intelligence transport systems.The network topology in IoV paradigm is highly dynamic.Clustering is one of the promising solutions to maintain the route stability in the dynamic network.However,existing algorithms consume a considerable amount of time in the cluster head(CH)selection process.Thus,this study proposes a mobility aware dynamic clustering-based routing(MADCR)protocol in IoV to maximize the lifespan of networks and reduce the end-to-end delay of vehicles.The MADCR protocol consists of cluster formation and CH selection processes.A cluster is formed on the basis of Euclidean distance.The CH is then chosen using the mayfly optimization algorithm(MOA).The CH subsequently receives vehicle data and forwards such data to the Road Side Unit(RSU).The performance of the MADCR protocol is compared with that ofAnt Colony Optimization(ACO),Comprehensive Learning Particle Swarm Optimization(CLPSO),and Clustering Algorithm for Internet of Vehicles based on Dragonfly Optimizer(CAVDO).The proposed MADCR protocol decreases the end-toend delay by 5–80 ms and increases the packet delivery ratio by 5%–15%.
基金a part of a research project entitled "The development of immobilized ligninolytic enzymes for industrial applications" supported by Higher Education Commission (HEC), Islamabad, Pakistan
文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),is a disease spectrum characterized by fat accumulation in hepatocytes presenting as hepatic steatosis to advance disease with active hepatic inflammation,known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.Chronic steatohepatitis will lead to progressive hepatic fibrosis causing cirrhosis and increased risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Fatty liver disease prevalence has increased at alarming rates alongside obesity,diabetes and metabolic syndrome to become the second most common cause of cirrhosis after alcohol related liver disease worldwide.Given this rise in prevalence,it is becoming increasingly more important to find non-invasive methods to diagnose disease early and stage hepatic fibrosis.Providing clinicians with the tools to diagnose and treat the full spectrum of NAFLD will help prevent known complications such as cirrhosis and HCC and improve quality of life for the patients suffering from this disease.This article discusses the utility of current noninvasive liver function testing in the clinical progression of fatty liver disease along with the imaging modalities that are available.Additionally,we summarize available treatment options including targeted medical therapy through four different pathways,surgical or endoscopic intervention.
基金This work has supported by the Xiamen University Malaysia Research Fund(XMUMRF)(Grant No:XMUMRF/2019-C3/IECE/0007)。
文摘Internet of Things(IoT)defines a network of devices connected to the internet and sharing a massive amount of data between each other and a central location.These IoT devices are connected to a network therefore prone to attacks.Various management tasks and network operations such as security,intrusion detection,Quality-of-Service provisioning,performance monitoring,resource provisioning,and traffic engineering require traffic classification.Due to the ineffectiveness of traditional classification schemes,such as port-based and payload-based methods,researchers proposed machine learning-based traffic classification systems based on shallow neural networks.Furthermore,machine learning-based models incline to misclassify internet traffic due to improper feature selection.In this research,an efficient multilayer deep learning based classification system is presented to overcome these challenges that can classify internet traffic.To examine the performance of the proposed technique,Moore-dataset is used for training the classifier.The proposed scheme takes the pre-processed data and extracts the flow features using a deep neural network(DNN).In particular,the maximum entropy classifier is used to classify the internet traffic.The experimental results show that the proposed hybrid deep learning algorithm is effective and achieved high accuracy for internet traffic classification,i.e.,99.23%.Furthermore,the proposed algorithm achieved the highest accuracy compared to the support vector machine(SVM)based classification technique and k-nearest neighbours(KNNs)based classification technique.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1400901)Jiangsu Technology Project of Nature Resources(KJXM2019042)+2 种基金the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education for the Special Project of Jiangsu Distinguished Professor(R2018T22)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41976165)the Startup Foundation for Introduction Talent of NUIST(2017r107)。
文摘Rapid industrialization and urbanization along with a growing population are contributing significantly to air pollution in China.Evaluation of long-term aerosol optical depth(AOD)data from models and reanalysis,can greatly promote understanding of spatiotemporal variations in air pollution in China.To do this,AOD(550 nm)values from 2000 to 2014 were obtained from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CIMP6),the second version of Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research,and Applications(MERRA-2),and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS;flying on the Terra satellite)combined Dark Target and Deep Blue(DTB)aerosol product.We used the TerraMODIS DTB AOD(hereafter MODIS DTB AOD)as a standard to evaluate CMIP6 Ensemble AOD(hereafter CMIP6 AOD)and MERRA-2 reanalysis AOD(hereafter MERRA-2 AOD).Results show better correlations and smaller errors between MERRA-2 and MODIS DTB AOD,than between CMIP6 and MODIS DTB AOD,in most regions of China,at both annual and seasonal scales.However,significant under-and over-estimations in the MERRA-2 and CMIP6 AOD were also observed relative to MODIS DTB AOD.The long-term(2000-2014)MODIS DTB AOD distributions show the highest AOD over the North China Plain(0.71)followed by Central China(0.69),Yangtse River Delta(0.67),Sichuan Basin(0.64),and Pearl River Delta(0.54)regions.The lowest AOD values were recorded over the Tibetan Plateau(0.13±0.01)followed by Qinghai(0.19±0.03)and the Gobi Desert(0.21±0.03).Large amounts of sand and dust particles emitted from natural sources(the Taklamakan and Gobi Deserts)may result in higher AOD in spring compared to summer,autumn,and winter.Trends were also calculated for 2000-2005,for2006-2010(when China introduced strict air pollution control policies during the 11 th Five Year Plan or FYP),and for 2011-2014(during the 12 th FYP).An increasing trend in MODIS DTB AOD was observed throughout the country during 2000-2014.The uncontrolled industrialization,urbanization,and rapid economic development that mostly occurred from 2000 to 2005 probably contributed to the overall increase in AOD.Finally,China’s air pollution control policies helped to reduce AOD in most regions of the country;this was more evident during the 12 th FYP period(2011-2014)than during the 11 th FYP period(2006-2010).Therefore this study strongly advises the authority to retain or extend these policies in the future for improving air quality.
基金This work was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea-Grant funded by the Korean Government(Ministry of Science and ICT)-NRF-2020R1A2B5B02002478).
文摘Cyber-Physical Systems(CPS)comprise interactive computation,networking,and physical processes.The integrative environment of CPS enables the smart systems to be aware of the surrounding physical world.Smart systems,such as smart health care systems,smart homes,smart transportation,and smart cities,are made up of complex and dynamic CPS.The components integration development approach should be based on the divide and conquer theory.This way multiple interactive components can reduce the development complexity inCPS.As reusability enhances efficiency and consistency in CPS,encapsulation of component functionalities and a well-designed user interface is vital for the better end-user’s Quality of Experience(QoE).Thus,incorrect interaction of interfaces in the cyber-physical system causes system failures.Usually,interface failures occur due to false,and ambiguous requirements analysis and specification.Therefore,to resolve this issue semantic analysis is required for different stakeholders’viewpoint analysis during requirement specification and components analysis.This work proposes a framework to improve the CPS component integration process,starting from requirement specification to prioritization of components for configurable.For semantic analysis and assessing the reusability of specifications,the framework uses text mining and case-based reasoning techniques.The framework has been tested experimentally,and the results show a significant reduction in ambiguity,redundancy,and irrelevancy,as well as increasing accuracy of interface interactions,component selection,and higher user satisfaction.
文摘The generation and controlled or uncontrolled release of hydrocarbon-contaminated industrial wastewater effluents to water matrices are a major environmental concern.The contaminated water comes to surface in the form of stable emulsions,which sometimes require different techniques to mitigate or separate effectively.Both the crude emulsions and hydrocarbon-contaminated wastewater effluents contain suspended solids,oil/grease,organic matter,toxic elements,salts,and recalcitrant chemicals.Suitable treatment of crude oil emulsions has been one of the most important challenges due to the complex nature and the substantial amount of generated waste.Moreover,the recovery of oil from waste will help meet the increasing demand for oil and its derivatives.In this context,functional nanostructured materials with smart surfaces and switchable wettability properties have gained increasing attention because of their excellent performance in the separation of oil–water emulsions.Recent improvements in the design,composition,morphology,and fine-tuning of polymeric nanostructured materials have resulted in enhanced demulsification functionalities.Herein,we reviewed the environmental impacts of crude oil emulsions and hydrocarbon-contaminated wastewater effluents.Their effective treatments by smart polymeric nanostructured materials with wettability properties have been stated with suitable examples.The fundamental mechanisms underpinning the efficient separation of oil–water emulsions are discussed with suitable examples along with the future perspectives of smart materials.
文摘An unsteady viscous fluid flow with Dufour and Soret effect,which results in heat and mass transfer due to upward and downward motion of flexible rotating disk,has been studied.The upward or downward motion of non rotating disk results in two dimensional flow,while the vertical action and rotation of the disk results in three dimensional flow.By using an appropriate transformation the governing equations are transformed into the system of ordinary differential equations.The system of ordinary differential equations is further converted into first order differential equation by selecting suitable variables.Then,we generalize the model by using the Caputo derivative.The numerical result for the fractional model is presented and validated with Runge Kutta order 4 method for classical case.The compared results are presented in Table and Figures.It is concluded that the fractional model is more realistic than that of classical one,because it simulates the fluid behavior at each fractional value rather than the integral values.