Natural variation of main biochemical components,morphological and yield traits among a panel of 87 tea [Camellia sinensis(L.) O. Kuntze] cultivars

Many attentions have been previously focused to identify the multiple biochemical components related to tea quality and health benefits,however, the natural variation of biochemical components present in tea germplasm has not been adequately evaluated. In this study, the main biochemical components, leaf morphological and yield characteristics were evaluated for four rounds of tea leaves in a panel of 87 elite tea cultivars suitable for black, green, or oolong tea. Significant variations were observed among the tea cultivars, as well as seasonal differences in the levels of the free amino acid(FAA), caffeine(CAF), tea polyphenols(TP), water extract(WE) and TP to FAA ratio(TP/FAA). Results showed that the average levels of FAA showed a seasonal change, with the highest level of 4.0% in the 1st spring tea in the cultivars suitable for green tea and the lowest of 3.2% in summer tea in the cultivars suitable for black tea. The average CAF content was highest 3.2% in the cultivars suitable for oolong tea in the 1st spring and the lowest 2.5% in the cultivars suitable for green tea in summer. Limited seasonal and varietal variations were noticed in the average levels of WE among the three categories of tea. In addition, significant natural variation of the morphological characteristics, bud length varying from 2.5 cm to 8.7 cm, bud density from 190.3 buds · m-2to 1 730.3 buds · m-2, mature leaves biomass from 128.4 kg · hm-2to 2 888.4 kg · hm-2, and yield component traits of 100 buds(one bud with two leaves) dry weight from 3.7 g to37.7 g, tea yield/round from 444.6 kg · hm-2to 905.3 kg · hm-2, were observed. The aim of our evaluation was not only to identify the advantages of seasonal and clonal variations but also to provide a new viewpoint for their further application. Representative accessions were selected from the germplasm to promote the establishment of an inherent biochemical constituent expressing the quality of black, green, and oolong tea. The findings might be utilized to establish early selection criteria to enhance the tea breeding and production program.

Impact of Portable Executable Header Features on Malware Detection Accuracy

One aspect of cybersecurity,incorporates the study of Portable Executables(PE)files maleficence.Artificial Intelligence(AI)can be employed in such studies,since AI has the ability to discriminate benign from malicious files.In this study,an exclusive set of 29 features was collected from trusted implementations,this set was used as a baseline to analyze the presented work in this research.A Decision Tree(DT)and Neural Network Multi-Layer Perceptron(NN-MLPC)algorithms were utilized during this work.Both algorithms were chosen after testing a few diverse procedures.This work implements a method of subgrouping features to answer questions such as,which feature has a positive impact on accuracy when added?Is it possible to determine a reliable feature set to distinguish a malicious PE file from a benign one?when combining features,would it have any effect on malware detection accuracy in a PE file?Results obtained using the proposed method were improved and carried few observations.Generally,the obtained results had practical and numerical parts,for the practical part,the number of features and which features included are the main factors impacting the calculated accuracy,also,the combination of features is as crucial in these calculations.Numerical results included,finding accuracies with enhanced values,for example,NN_MLPC attained 0.979 and 0.98;for DT an accuracy of 0.9825 and 0.986 was attained.

Hidden Hierarchy Based on Cipher-Text Attribute Encryption for IoT Data Privacy in Cloud

Most research works nowadays deal with real-time Internetof Things (IoT) data. However, with exponential data volume increases,organizations need help storing such humongous amounts of IoT data incloud storage systems. Moreover, such systems create security issues whileefficiently using IoT and Cloud Computing technologies. Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) has the potential to make IoT datamore secure and reliable in various cloud storage services. Cloud-assisted IoTssuffer from two privacy issues: access policies (public) and super polynomialdecryption times (attributed mainly to complex access structures). We havedeveloped a CP-ABE scheme in alignment with a Hidden HierarchyCiphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (HH-CP-ABE) access structure embedded within two policies, i.e., public policy and sensitive policy.In this proposed scheme, information is only revealed when the user’sinformation is satisfactory to the public policy. Furthermore, the proposedscheme applies to resource-constrained devices already contracted tasks totrusted servers (especially encryption/decryption/searching). Implementingthe method and keywords search resulted in higher access policy privacy andincreased security. The new scheme introduces superior storage in comparisonto existing systems (CP-ABE, H-CP-ABE), while also decreasing storage costsin HH-CP-ABE. Furthermore, a reduction in time for key generation canalso be noted.Moreover, the scheme proved secure, even in handling IoT datathreats in the Decisional Bilinear Diffie-Hellman (DBDH) case.

Geology of Northern Sulaiman Foldbelt, Shirani and Waziristan Regions (South Punjab, Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa): New Tomistominae (Miocene False Gharial) from Sakhi Sarwar Area of Dera Ghazi Khan (South Punjab), Pakistan

Northern Koh Sulaiman foldbelt, Shirani, North and South Waziristan (South Punjab, Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) comprised mostly PermoTriassic to Recent sediments with subordinate igneous and metamorphic rocks. These sedimentary strata folded and faulted by geodynamic and tectonic forces occurred during Late Cretaceous to Recent revealed through anticlinal and synclinal foldings and active faultings. The Northern Koh Sulaiman foldbelt, Shirani, North and South Waziristan areas host many economic minerals like copper and chromite, construction stones, marble limestones, gypsum and cement resources, uranium and other radioactive mineral resources, low-quality iron, phosphate and muddy coal, high-quality gemstones, petroleum potential and excellent water resources and many other rocks and minerals. High-quality window and faden quartz crystals deposited in fractures and fissures as vugs and veins deposited by high-temperature hypothermal solution created by the tectonic compression process. The area has economic chromite and magnesite deposits. The Northern Koh Sulaiman foldbelt, Shirani, North and South Waziristan areas have large cement raw materials/resources (limestones, gypsum and shale/clays available mostly on same sites) which vitally need to install many cement industries in these areas because the ideal central location and now only one cement industry (Dera Ghazi Khan cement industry) is in operation. The Northern Koh Sulaiman foldbelt, Shirani, North and South Waziristan consists of excellent surface water resources which need the construction of smaller and medium-sized dams on different rud kohi/streams/rivers for the development of the area. Sakhi Sarwar area of Dera Ghazi Khan (South Punjab) yielded fossil of new Tomistominae (False Gharial) Gavialidae and further its surroundings recently yielded fossils of famous vertebrates like reptiles (dinosaurs, crocodiles, pterosaur and snake), birds and mammals, and tracks/trackways of Late Cretaceous archosaurs like Sauropaonia, Ornithopaonia and Pteropaonia.

渐进成形AA5754和AA6061铝合金的力学性能和显微组织演化

用单点渐进成形(SPIF)加工两种铝合金(AA5754和AA6061),且分析材料成形后的力学性能和显微组织演化,研究成形参数包括成形角(35°~55°)、进给速度(1~4m/min)、主轴转速(50~1000r/min)和润滑(润滑油、液压油)等的影响。分别通过拉伸试验和光学显微镜表征材料在SPIF前后的力学性能和显微组织演化。结果表明,成形角、进给速度和主轴转速的增大导致AA5754合金中晶粒和AA6061合金中第二相晶粒伸长。AA5754和AA6061铝合金的极限抗拉强度分别提高10%和8%。AA5754铝合金的延展性从22.9%下降到12%,AA6061铝合金的延展性从16%下降到10.7%。对于润滑效果,力学性能对润滑剂的种类不敏感。综上,SPIF过程能改善铝合金的显微组织、提高其强度,但降低其延展性。

Study of Factors Causing Time and Cost Overrun in Pre-Construction Project (A Case Study of Malaysia)

Cost and time overrun are the key troubles of any improvement ventures. These troubles are inflicting the terrible end result in the development of kingdom monetary improvement and thriving. To overcome these problems, the?paper examines predominant impact on elements causing the mission postponement and cost. A poll review was led for the situation study embracing various information-gathering procedures. The discoveries from the contextual investigation uncovered that the most persuasive factors in Malaysia:?1) contractor’s inappropriate arranging, 2) poor site the board, 3) deficient contractual worker experience,?are the most powerful factors. This paper has likewise broken down the normal and least effective of the postpone variables causing task deferral and cost overrun in Malaysia. It likewise infers that there are various measures as per the idea of deferring components to decrease the effect on task postponement and cost overruns in the development industry.?There are significant factors in the control of time overrun that would be actual thought related to know and tackle in great impact to improvement rate which may additionally no capacity that be recovered. Thirty (30) massive development extensions in Malaysia were exceptional coping with time overrun at some stage in development. Out of 30 undertakings, 17 (56.67%) ventures had been introduced by using 1100 days’ time overrun, 5 (16.67%) extensions in the middle of a hundred and one to 200 days, 5 (16.67%) ventures?201 to 300 days while three (10%) ventures have been deferred for timeframe over 300 days.

Multivariate Based Variability within Diverse Indian Mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i>L.) Genotypes

Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) germplasm consisting 167 accessions including one check cultivar was evaluated for qualitative and quantitative traits. The present study was conducted to investigate genetic diversity and correlation among studied genotypes of B. juncea L. based on agro-morphological at NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan. To investigate the genetic diversity based on morphological characters, data was recorded on 20 quantitative and 12 qualitative traits. The calculated data was analyzed through two complementary methods, i.e. PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and cluster analysis. Among all the studied cultivars, significant diversity was recorded for different agro-morphological characters. Among all the parameters, maximum variance was recorded for pod shattering (427.2) followed by plant height (345.6), days to 100% flowering (336.2) and main raceme length (210.0). Among all the characters, the greatest and highly significant association (0.99) was found between days to maturity 50% and days to maturity 100% followed by correlation (0.86) among days to flowering 50% and days to flowering 100%, correlation value (0.71) was calculated among leaf length and leaf width. Using cluster analysis all the genotypes were divided into five major groups. It was observed that 7 out of 20 principal components with an Eigen value of ≥1.0 calculated for 73.92% of the total diversity observed between 167 accessions of Indian mustard (B. juncea L.). The contribution of first three PCs in the total PCs was 23.25, 12.87 and 11.24, respectively. Among all the investigated accessions two genotypes 26,813 and 26,817 showed great potential for seeds/silique, 1000-seed weight and seed yield/plant, respectively, so these genotypes are recommended for future breeding programs for achieving promising results.

Numerical study for bio-convection effects on MHD nano-fluid flow past a porous and extending wedge

We explored the insinuations of bio-convection and thermal radiation on nanofluid transportation across stretching permeable wedge with magnetic force.Appropriate similarity transformation variables are utilized to achieve ordinary differential equations.In order to tackle the non-linearity of these equations,numerical procedure based on shooting technique and Range Kutta method are harnessed on MATLAB platform.Computational and devour is carried out to evaluate the influence of controlling limitations on temperature,velocity,concentration of nanofluids and micro-organisms density.The growing strength of thermophoresis and Brownian motion enhance the fluid temperature.The profile volume fraction show decline against higher values of parameters which are Lewis number,unsteadiness and Brownian motion but opposite trend noted against higher value of Williamson and thermophoresis parameters.The skin friction values rise with the growing values of parameter of wedge angle for the moving wedge.The motile organism profile exhibits decrease against growing strength of Peclet number,bioconvection Lewis number,temperature difference and unsteady parameters while opposite behavior has been noted against wedge angle parameter.

A novel variant of GALC in a familial case of Krabbe disease:Insights from structural bioinformatics and molecular dynamics simulation

Krabbe disease or globoid cell leukodystrophy(GLD;MIM#245200)is a rare and fatal lysosomal storage disease with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance that results from the deficiency of galactocerebrosidase(GALC;E.C.3.2.1.46),a lysosomal enzyme encoded by the GALC gene.1 GALC breaks down galactosylceramide,a cerebroside located mainly in the myelin sheath.Defects in GALC cause the accumulation of a cytotoxic metabolite,galactosylsphingosine or psychosine,which can be toxic to oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells.2 The failure to digest galactosylceramide triggers the formation of multi-nucleated globoid cells,causing severe demyelination,axonopathy,and neuronal death.3 The reported frequency of Krabbe disease is 1 in 100,000 live births with symptoms including irritability,loss of motor ability,spasticity,ataxia,visual dysfunction,seizures,andcognitive impairment.