电渗析技术在大豆低聚糖溶液脱盐上的应用

从甜浆中提取的大豆低聚糖粗提液中含有很多的盐类,影响糖液的纯度。该试验通过离子交换膜辅助的电渗析法对大豆低聚糖模拟溶液进行脱盐处理,确定了较好的试验操作参数。试验结果表明:电渗析法对大豆低聚糖模拟液进行脱盐是可行的,且脱盐效果较好,脱盐率达到96.07%;该试验条件下较佳的工作电压为20 V,流量为60 L/h,样品稀释倍数为15倍。通过以上条件处理后,大豆低聚糖的保留率达到83.82%。

豆腐皮生产过程中低聚糖的物料平衡

豆腐皮生产过程中产生大量颜色深黄、质地黏稠的副产物——甜浆。生产过程中,甜浆一般被用做动物饲料,然而据研究表明,甜浆中浓缩了大量的低聚糖等功能性物质,具有极大的开发价值。以豆腐皮的生产过程为研究对象,探讨低聚糖的物料平衡。试验结果表明:低聚糖损失于浸泡阶段、打浆过滤阶段、成皮阶段,损失量分别为1.43%、55.11%和17.56%(占大豆中总低聚糖)。豆腐皮中保留了14.66%的低聚糖,副产物甜浆含有11.24%的低聚糖。

加工操作对豆类低聚糖影响的研究进展

低聚糖是豆科作物中的一种可溶性碳水化合物,一般由3～10个单糖单位通过糖苷键连接而成。低聚糖含量占豆科植物中总碳水化合物的5%,具有重要的生理功能,如促进肠内双歧杆菌增殖、降低血压血脂、抗癌和抗肿瘤、延缓衰老等作用等。然而,豆类中的低聚糖不能被人体消化和吸收,往往引起肠胃胀气现象。因此在很长一段时间内一直强调减少或除去低聚糖,学者们采用多种加工操作,如浸泡、蒸煮、高温灭菌、发酵、辐射等工艺来降低低聚糖含量。文章概述了豆制品生产过程中加工操作对低聚糖变化影响的研究进展,以期为进一步的深入探索奠定理论基础和实践依据。

紫外线照射对香菇(Lentinus edodes)贮藏过程中抗氧化能力及其质地的影响

将香菇（Lentinus edodes）在紫外光下（4 kJ/m2）照射后,用气调包装（MAP）置于（1±1）℃、相对湿度95%的条件下贮藏15 d,然后在20℃下放置3 d,测定香菇的硬度、总酚、总黄酮、抗坏血酸和过氧化氢含量、超氧阴离子生成速率、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性。

Foliar Application of Micronutrients Enhances Wheat Growth, Yield and Related Attributes

Wheat is one of the most essential foods in the world. To increase its productivity, nutrient management is one of the most important factors. To assess the possible role of micronutrients in improving wheat yield, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the wheat performance by foliar application of micronutrients. Treatments consist of T1 = No spray, T2 = Spraying plants with tube well water (control), T3 = Spraying plants with 1.6 kg FeSO4/100 L water/acre, T4 = Spraying plants with 3 kg ZnSO4 (21%)/100 L water/acre, T5 = Spraying plants with 1 kg MnSO4/100 L water/acre, T6 = Spraying plants with (FeSO4 + MnSO4), T7 = Spraying plants with (FeSO4 + ZnSO4), T8 = Spraying plants with (ZnSO4 + MnSO4), and T9 = Spraying plants with (FeSO4 + ZnSO4 + MnSO4). Results showed that foliar application of micronutrients substantially improved plant height, spike length cm, spikelets/spike, grains/spike, test weight, Tillers m-2, grain and biological as well as harvest index of wheat. Among treatments, foliar application of FeSO4 + ZnSO4 + MnSO4 remained comparatively better regarding yield related attributes of

Economics of Different Genotypes of Cotton Planted under Various Planting Densities

A field experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the economics of different genotypes of cotton planted under various planting densities at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture Faisalabad during the summer season in 2013. Sowing was done manually with the help of dibbling method on both sides of the bed in standing water, with bed distance of 75 cm. The crop was sown in May and the experiment comprised of following FH-142, FH-114 at various densities (S1 = 10 cm, S2 = 15 cm, S3 =20 cm, S4 = 25 cm, S5 = 30 cm). Data regarding net field benefit, benefit cost ratio, dominance analysis, and marginal rate of return were collected. The experimental results showed that maximum NFB of (Rs. 222,575), (Rs. 202,483) was achieved in FH-142 and FH-114 when planted at a plant spacing of 20 cm and 15 cm respectively. While the maximum benefit cost ratio (BCR) of 1.76 was found in genotype FH-142 at plant spacing of 20 and 25 cm and FH-114 depicted maximum BCR of 1.62 and 1.61 when planted at plant spacing of 15 and 20 cm, respectively. Dominance analysis of FH-142 planted at 10 and 15 cm while FH-114 at plant spacing of 10, 15 and 20 cm was dominated due to their lower net field benefits as compared to other treatments, while maximum marginal rate of return (1494%, 788%) by planting FH-142, FH-114 was obtained at 30 cm and 25 cm recorded respectively.

Phosphorous and Foliar Applied Nitrogen Improved Productivity and Quality of Potato

Growth, yield and quality of potato are greatly affected by its nutritional management. Foliar application of urea reduces nitrogen losses and increases plant nitrogen use efficiency. This study was therefore planned to evaluate the effect of soil applied phosphorus (DAP) and foliar application of nitrogenous fertilizer (urea) on growth, yield and quality of potato. Experiment was comprised of four different treatments of phosphorus (DAP, 46% P) and nitrogen (urea, 46% N) including a control. Treatments were T0 (DAP 160 + Urea 300 kg/acre), T1 (DAP 160 + Urea 5 kg/acre), T2 (DAP 100 + Urea 6 kg/acre) and T3 (DAP 120 + Urea 8 kg/acre). DAP fertilizer was given as basal dressing at the time of sowing. Foliar applications of nitrogenous fertilizer (urea) were given after 30 of sowing with one week interval in five split doses. Results indicated that T3 remained better regarding productivity and quality of potato. The overall fertilizer efficacy regarding yield and quality was: T3 > T2 > T1 > T0. However, Vitamin C was found maximum in T0.

超高压处理对鳙鱼质构特性的影响

研究不同超高压条件(150、300、450MPa,保压15min)对鳙鱼质构特性的影响。结果表明,300MPa和450MPa处理可以显著提高鱼肉的粘着性和咀嚼性(p<0.05),优化感官品质。观察鱼肉的超微结构发现,用450MPa处理后出现明显的蛋白质胶凝化现象。用300MPa和450MPa处理后降低了肌原纤维断裂指数(p<0.01)和持水力,提高了鱼肉的pH值(p<0.01)。因此超高压处理在改良鳙鱼肉质方面具有潜在的应用价值。

豆腐皮废甜浆中生物活性物质的检测

为进一步开发和再利用甜浆资源,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)及其它标准分析方法对豆腐皮生产过程中产生的废浆——"甜浆"的组成进行了检测。结果表明,甜浆中除了含有蛋白和脂肪外,还含有大量的低聚糖、黄酮和皂苷等生物活性成分。甜浆中可溶性蛋白质含量16.92%,大豆低聚糖29.07%,大豆皂苷0.06%,总黄酮为0.657%(干重)。