The Influence of Depression on Different Age and Gender Groups in Bahawalpur

In Bahawalpur,a cross-sectional study assessed depression prevalence across age and gender groups,involving 442 participants from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds and settings.Utilizing the PHQ9 questionnaire,84%were found to meet depression levels.The findings revealed a higher incidence in females(88%)than males(79%),with the greatest disparity among young adults,particularly young women,due to factors like academic pressure and financial stress.School children had the lowest depression rates(68%),possibly due to better immunity.Elderly individuals exhibited more severe depression,likely related to aging and domestic challenges.The study’s findings highlight a significant variation in depression severity across different demographic groups,with an overall higher incidence in women.The research underscores the necessity for targeted mental health resources and interventions tailored to the specific needs of each demographic group.It also points to the importance of addressing academic and socioeconomic stressors to mitigate depression,particularly among young women.While the study provides valuable insights,it relies on self-reported data,which may introduce bias.Therefore,future research should include clinical assessments to validate these findings and ensure a more accurate representation of depression within the community.

青蒿琥酯联合用药及作用机制研究进展

青蒿素是一种从菊科蒿属植物黄花蒿(Artemisia annua)中分离出来的倍半萜类天然产物,青蒿琥酯(artesunate)是其衍生物之一,具有经济、速效、低毒、不易产生耐受等特点。目前临床主要用于脑型疟疾及各种重症疟疾的抢救,对疟原虫红内期有强大且快速杀灭的作用,能够迅速控制临床发作及症状。除此之外,青蒿琥酯还具有抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗肝纤维化、抗炎、抗菌、保护肝细胞、免疫调节等药理作用,抑制细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡及下调血症水平。以青蒿素类化合物为基础的联合疗法(ACTs)是多国治疗疟疾的一线方法,主要包括蒿甲醚-本芴醇、青蒿琥酯-阿莫地喹和青蒿甲醚-苯甲酰胺等。近年来国内外学者对青蒿琥酯进行了研究,发现相对于单一疗法而言,青蒿琥酯联合疗法在增强药理作用、缩短用药时长和减少不良反应等方面更具有优越性。该文通过Web of Science核心合集(Web of Science Core Collection)系统检索并通过CiteSpace(6.2.1)软件对其进行整合,综述了近5年来青蒿琥酯联合其他药物在抗疟、抗肿瘤、抗菌和抗病毒等方面的作用机制并对其进行阐述,旨在为进一步合理开发利用青蒿琥酯及新药研发提供一定的理论依据。

评价倍博特对钙离子拮抗剂治疗控制不良的高血压患者的疗效及安全性：一项多中心、前瞻性、观察性研究

目的：评价单用任意一种钙离子拮抗剂（CCBs）控制不良的中国高血压患者，改用倍博特（缬沙坦氨氯地平片80/5 mg/day）治疗的疗效和安全性。方法：多中心、前瞻性、开放性上市后临床研究。该研究共纳入5413例高血压患者，入组患者单用任意一种CCB治疗不能充分控制血压，改用倍博特治疗，观察8周。主要疗效指标：8周时平均坐位收缩压（MSSBP）和平均坐位舒张压（MSDBP）与患者入组时比较的变化，次要指标：4周时MSSBP和MSDBP与患者入组时比较的变化；8周时，血压的达标率和治疗的有效率。安全性评价指标为不良事件的发生率，用药的依从性和耐受性。结果：倍博特治疗8周后，患者的MSSBP和MSDBP较基线显著下降，降幅分别为27.31±12.15mmHg和14.97±9.56mmHg，P〈0.0001，同时具有良好的安全性和耐受性。结论：对于单用CCBs控制不良的高血压患者改用倍博特治疗可以显著降低MSSBP和MSDBP，并且具有良好的安全性和耐受性。

Role of knowledge economy in managing demand-based environmental Kuznets Curve

Aggregate demand or supply at equilibrium is commonly used as a representative of the macroeconomic activity of an economy whereby aggregate demand denotes the behaviour of individuals and households.However,aggregate demand can also directly affect environmental deterioration via changes in aggregate production.This study tried to explore this relationship,known as the demand-based Environmental Kuznets Curve(Demand EKC)and the role of different knowledge economy indicators.Knowledge economy indicators are proposed to influence consumption patterns,altering the demand EKC that empirical studies have understudied.For this purpose,secondary data for 147 countries were collected from 2008 to 2018,also classified as development-wise.This study found that aggregate demand significantly affects carbon emissions.The long-run results are estimated using the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square method.Controlling factors like renewable energy consumption,population density,and financial development significantly affect carbon emissions in sample countries.This study has incorporated four pillars of a knowledge-based economy and the results showed that these indicators helped reduce consumption-related CO_(2) emissions.

自然资源离任审计与地方政府土地出让

如何缓解城市化与土地资源刚性约束之间的矛盾以及保护土地资源,已经成为中国乃至世界城市化过程中最紧迫的问题。自然资源离任审计制度正是针对当前地方政府受托责任进行监督审核的一种纵向监督机制,对土地资源领域的有效监管以及规范地方政府的行为具有重要作用。文章采用我国284个地级行政区2011-2017年的数据,探讨了自然资源离任审计制度试点情况与城市建设用地价格和面积之间关系,分析了自然资源离任审计制度对土地资源出让行为的影响。研究发现:(1)自然资源离任审计试点地区在政策执行以后,城镇土地价格和面积都出现了明显的降低,意味着自然资源离任审计制度能够在一定程度上影响地方政府的土地管理策略。(2)自然资源离任审计制度通过提升政府治理水平、改变地方竞争目标以及影响环境治理等方面影响了地方政府的土地出让行为,并且能够缓解土地价格扭曲程度。(3)自然资源离任审计制度对地方政府土地出让行为的影响具有异质性,工业用地、住宅用地和交通用地的面积明显下降,而商业用地的面积则明显上升;自然资源离任审计制度对中西部地区和资源型城市的影响更加显著,试点后的土地出让面积明显下降。文章为考察自然资源离任审计制度的政策效果以及中国的土地资源管理政策改革提供了参考。

Microplastics affect activity and spatial distribution of C,N, and P hydrolases in rice rhizosphere

Microplastics provide a new ecological niche for microorganisms,and the accumulation levels of microplastics(MPs)in terrestrial ecosystems are higher than those in marine ecosystems.Here,we applied the zymography to investigate how MPs–polyethylene[PE],and polyvinyl chloride[PVC])at two levels(0.01%and 1%soil weight)impacted the spatial distribution of soil hydrolases,nutrient availability,and rice growth in paddy soil.MPs increased the above-ground biomass by 13.0%–15.5%and decreased the below-ground biomass by 8.0%–15.1%.Addition of 0.01%and 1%MPs reduced soil NH4+content by 18.3%–63.2%and 52.2%–80.2%,respectively.The average activities of N-and P-hydrolases increased by 0.8%–4.8%and 1.9%–6.3%with addition of MPs,respectively.The nutrient uptake by rice plants and the enzyme activities in hotspots increased with MP content in soil.The accumulation of MPs in paddy soil could provide an ecological niche that facilitates microbial survival,alters the spatial distribution of soil hydrolases,and decreases nutrient availability.

The Role of Societal and Contextual Factors in Second Language Learning Motivation:A Perspective from Tertiary Students in Pakistan

In recent years, SLA and L2 learning motivation have received extensive attention of researchers and teachers across the globe but the issue remains underdeveloped and there are only some small-scale studies on this subject in Pakistan. Among different factors that affect L2 learning motivation, the current study focuses on exploring differences in L2 learning motivation by college type （private vs. public） and major subject of study （Arts vs. Sciences）. Analyzing the questionnaire data from 547 first year college students, the study singles out different situation-specific factors that account for variation in ESL learning motivation. Results indicate that private college students have a higher motivation level and better achievements in ESL learning as compared to public college students. Public college students have strong instrumental motivation while private college students show preferences for an ideal L2 self. L2 motivation does not differ a great deal between students with different subjects of study but there is a big gap in the achievement of both groups. Arts majors＇ motivation depends heavily on their attitude towards English while science majors are instrumentally motivated to learn English. We also discuss some possible reasons for the differences in motivation and implications of the study for ESL teachers and learners.