Advances in Zika virus vaccines and therapeutics:A systematic review

Zika virus(ZIKV)is the causative agent of a viral infection that causes neurological complications in newborns and adults worldwide.Its wide transmission route and alarming spread rates are of great concern to the scientific community.Numerous trials have been conducted to develop treatment options for ZIKV infection.This review highlights the latest developments in the fields of vaccinology and pharmaceuticals developments for ZIKV infection.A systematic and comprehensive approach was used to gather relevant and up-to-date data so that inferences could be made about the gaps in therapeutic development.The results indicate that several therapeutic interventions are being tested against ZIKV infection,such as DNA vaccines,subunit vaccines,live-attenuated vaccines,virus-vector-based vaccines,inactivated vaccines,virus-like particles,and mRNA-based vaccines.In addition,approved anti-ZIKV drugs that can reduce the global burden are discussed.Although many vaccine candidates for ZIKV are at different stages of development,none of them have received Food and Drug Authority approval for use up to now.The issue of side effects associated with these drugs in vulnerable newborns and pregnant women is a major obstacle in the therapeutic pathway.

Recent Insights into Signaling Responses to Cope Drought Stress in Rice

Drought is one of the hot topics needing urgent attention in the current era of climate change.It massively disturbs the rice growth and productivity and is becoming a serious threat.The drought avoidance strategies in rice include stomatal closure,cellular adaptation and changes in root development.Moreover,the endogenous plant hormones(abscisic acid and jasmonic acid)and reactive oxygen species have paramount importance in drought tolerance in rice.The drought tolerance induces modification in biochemical,molecular and physiological properties of plants.At the molecular level,expression of several transcription-factors is modulated which further determine the activation of drought responsive gene families.Mitogen activated protein kinases and Ca signaling pathways initiate an array of signaling cascade for mediating the gene expression in rice.Approaches,conventional breeding methods combined with modern emerging techniques such as genetic engineering,to improve rice drought tolerance were discussed.This review provided recent insights into major regulatory factors against drought stress,signaling mechanisms and molecular engineering strategies(including conventional transgenic and recent genome editing approaches)to induce drought tolerance in rice.

Fault Detection Using Negative Selection and Genetic Algorithms

In this paper,negative selection and genetic algorithms are combined and an improved bi-objective optimization scheme is presented to achieve optimized negative selection algorithm detectors.The main aim of the optimal detector generation technique is maximal nonself space coverage with reduced number of diversified detectors.Conventionally,researchers opted clonal selection based optimization methods to achieve the maximal nonself coverage milestone;however,detectors cloning process results in generation of redundant similar detectors and inefficient detector distribution in nonself space.In approach proposed in the present paper,the maximal nonself space coverage is associated with bi-objective optimization criteria including minimization of the detector overlap and maximization of the diversity factor of the detectors.In the proposed methodology,a novel diversity factorbased approach is presented to obtain diversified detector distribution in the nonself space.The concept of diversified detector distribution is studied for detector coverage with 2-dimensional pentagram and spiral self-patterns.Furthermore,the feasibility of the developed fault detection methodology is tested the fault detection of induction motor inner race and outer race bearings.

基于磁性形状记忆合金磁基态和磁场历史调控的大交换偏置效应

由于交换偏置效应对磁记录和自旋电子器件的重要意义,在磁性形状记忆合金中获得大偏置场一直是人们长期努力的目标.本文通过调控Ni50Mn34In16-xFex(x=1,3,5)磁性形状记忆合金的磁性基态(取决于合金成分)和磁场历史(取决于冷却过程中冷却场HFC和等温磁化过程中所施加的最大测试场HMax),对交换偏置行为进行了系统研究.结果表明,调控磁性基态和磁场历史可以获得最大铁磁簇与反铁磁基体界面体积分数以及它们之间的强相互作用,从而诱发了界面上强单向各向异性,产生了大交换偏置场.本文提出了获得大交换偏置场需要遵循的两条原则.首先,选择稀磁自旋玻璃与强反铁磁基体的磁性基态成分可获得大交换偏置场;其次,通过增强HFC和降低HMax有利于实现大交换偏置.本研究为设计具有大交换偏置场的非均匀磁性相化合物提供了一种有效的方法.