Salinity stress is a major threat to global food production and its intensity is continuously increasing because of anthropogenic activities.Wheat is a staple food and a source of carbohydrates and calories for the ma...Salinity stress is a major threat to global food production and its intensity is continuously increasing because of anthropogenic activities.Wheat is a staple food and a source of carbohydrates and calories for the majority of people across the globe.However,wheat productivity is adversely affected by salt stress,which is associated with a reduction in germination,growth,altered reproductive behavior and enzymatic activity,disrupted photosynthesis,hormonal imbalance,oxidative stress,and yield reductions.Thus,a better understanding of wheat(plant)behavior to salinity stress has essential implications to devise counter and alleviation measures to cope with salt stress.Different approaches including the selection of suitable cultivars,conventional breeding,and molecular techniques can be used for facing salt stress tolerance.However,these techniques are tedious,costly,and labor-intensive.Management practices are still helpful to improve the wheat performance under salinity stress.Use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria,and exogenous application of phytohormones,seed priming,and nutrient management are important tools to improve wheat performance under salinity stress.In this paper,we discussed the effect of salinity stress on the wheat crop,possible mechanisms to deal with salinity stress,and management options to improve wheat performance under salinity conditions.展开更多
Effects of different boron (B) application methods on growth and yield of sunflower hybrids were checked out at Agronomic Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan during spring, 2013. Field exper...Effects of different boron (B) application methods on growth and yield of sunflower hybrids were checked out at Agronomic Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan during spring, 2013. Field experiment was conducted by considering three sunflower hybrids viz., Patron 551, Patron 851 and S-278 along with different methods of B application i.e. no B application, seed treatment @ 0.05% B, soil B application @ 2 kg·ha-1 at sowing, soil B application @ 2 kg·ha-1 at ray floret stage and foliar application of B @ 200 mg·L-1 at ray floret stage. Uttermost plant height (150.78 cm), the number of leaves per plant (22.67) and stem diameter (1.62 cm) were accomplished when boron was soil applied @ 2 kg·ha-1 at sowing. Significantly higher head diameter (18.30 cm), number of achene per head (1266.44), 1000-achene weight (43.17 g) achene yield (2039.33 kg·ha-1), biological yield (9223.11 kg·ha-1) and harvest index (22.10%) were registered when boron was foliar applied @ 200 mg·L-1 at ray floret stage. Among sunflower hybrids, Patron 551 produced significantly higher growth and yield attributes as compared with Patron 851 and S-278 hybrids. This study suggested that the selection of Patron 551 hybrid with practicing boron foliar application @ 200 mg·L-1 at ray floret stage could be helpful in achieving the sunflower crop genetic potential.展开更多
文摘Salinity stress is a major threat to global food production and its intensity is continuously increasing because of anthropogenic activities.Wheat is a staple food and a source of carbohydrates and calories for the majority of people across the globe.However,wheat productivity is adversely affected by salt stress,which is associated with a reduction in germination,growth,altered reproductive behavior and enzymatic activity,disrupted photosynthesis,hormonal imbalance,oxidative stress,and yield reductions.Thus,a better understanding of wheat(plant)behavior to salinity stress has essential implications to devise counter and alleviation measures to cope with salt stress.Different approaches including the selection of suitable cultivars,conventional breeding,and molecular techniques can be used for facing salt stress tolerance.However,these techniques are tedious,costly,and labor-intensive.Management practices are still helpful to improve the wheat performance under salinity stress.Use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria,and exogenous application of phytohormones,seed priming,and nutrient management are important tools to improve wheat performance under salinity stress.In this paper,we discussed the effect of salinity stress on the wheat crop,possible mechanisms to deal with salinity stress,and management options to improve wheat performance under salinity conditions.
文摘Effects of different boron (B) application methods on growth and yield of sunflower hybrids were checked out at Agronomic Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan during spring, 2013. Field experiment was conducted by considering three sunflower hybrids viz., Patron 551, Patron 851 and S-278 along with different methods of B application i.e. no B application, seed treatment @ 0.05% B, soil B application @ 2 kg·ha-1 at sowing, soil B application @ 2 kg·ha-1 at ray floret stage and foliar application of B @ 200 mg·L-1 at ray floret stage. Uttermost plant height (150.78 cm), the number of leaves per plant (22.67) and stem diameter (1.62 cm) were accomplished when boron was soil applied @ 2 kg·ha-1 at sowing. Significantly higher head diameter (18.30 cm), number of achene per head (1266.44), 1000-achene weight (43.17 g) achene yield (2039.33 kg·ha-1), biological yield (9223.11 kg·ha-1) and harvest index (22.10%) were registered when boron was foliar applied @ 200 mg·L-1 at ray floret stage. Among sunflower hybrids, Patron 551 produced significantly higher growth and yield attributes as compared with Patron 851 and S-278 hybrids. This study suggested that the selection of Patron 551 hybrid with practicing boron foliar application @ 200 mg·L-1 at ray floret stage could be helpful in achieving the sunflower crop genetic potential.
