Assessment of post-myocardial infarction lipid levels and management:Results from a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan

BACKGROUND Lipid treatment practices and levels in post-acute myocardial infarction(AMI)patients,which are crucial for secondary prevention.AIM To evaluate the lipid treatment practices and lipid levels in post-myocardial infarction(MI)patients at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.METHODS In this cross-sectional study,we analyzed patients who had experienced their first AMI event in the past 3 years.We assessed fasting and non-fasting lipid profiles,reviewed statin therapy prescriptions,and examined patient compliance.The recommended dose was defined as rosuvastatin≥20 mg or atorvastatin≥40 mg,with target total cholesterol levels set at<160 mg/dL and target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)at<55 mg/dL.RESULTS Among 195 patients,71.3%were male,and the mean age was 57.1±10.2 years.The median duration since AMI was 36(interquartile range:10-48)months and 60% were diagnosed with ST-segment elevation MI.Only 13.8% of patients were advised to undergo lipid profile testing after AMI,88.7% of patients were on the recommended statin therapy,and 91.8% of patients were compliant with statin therapy.Only 11.5% had LDL-C within the target range and 71.7% had total cholesterol within the target range.Hospital admission in the past 12 months was reported by 14.4%,and the readmission rate was significantly higher among non-compliant patients(37.5%vs 5.6%).Subsequent AMI event rate was also significantly higher among non-compliant patients(43.8%vs 11.7%).CONCLUSION Our study highlights that while most post-AMI patients received the recommended minimum statin therapy dose,the inadequate practice of lipid assessment may compromise therapy optimization and raise the risk of subsequent events.

Strategy and Future Prospects to Develop Room-Temperature-Recoverable NO2 Gas Sensor Based on Two-Dimensional Molybdenum Disulfide

Nitrogen dioxide(NO2),a hazardous gas with acidic nature,is continuously being liberated in the atmosphere due to human activity.The NO2 sensors based on traditional materials have limitations of high-temperature requirements,slow recovery,and performance degradation under harsh environmental conditions.These limitations of traditional materials are forcing the scientific community to discover future alternative NO2 sensitive materials.Molybdenum disulfide(MoS2)has emerged as a potential candidate for developing next-generation NO2 gas sensors.MoS2 has a large surface area for NO2 molecules adsorption with controllable morphologies,facile integration with other materials and compatibility with internet of things(IoT)devices.The aim of this review is to provide a detailed overview of the fabrication of MoS2 chemiresistance sensors in terms of devices(resistor and transistor),layer thickness,morphology control,defect tailoring,heterostructure,metal nanoparticle doping,and through light illumination.Moreover,the experimental and theoretical aspects used in designing MoS2-based NO2 sensors are also discussed extensively.Finally,the review concludes the challenges and future perspectives to further enhance the gas-sensing performance of MoS2.Understanding and addressing these issues are expected to yield the development of highly reliable and industry standard chemiresistance NO2 gas sensors for environmental monitoring.

Studies on antibacterial activity and biochemical/biophysical properties of phytocystatin purified from <i>Catharanthus roseus</i>(Madagascar Periwinkle): an evergreen subshrub commonly found in district bijnor (U.P.)

In the present study two phytocystatins (thiol protease inhibitors) have been isolated and purified to homogeneity form Catharanthus roseusby a simple two step procedure using ammonium sulphate fractionation and gelfiltration chromatography on Sephacryl- 100HR.The two inhibitors were named as CRCI and CRCII (Catharanthus roseuscystatin I and II). CRCI and CRCII were purified with a fold purification of 1333.3, 1348.5 and percent yield of 18.18 and 16.35% respectively. The molecular weight of purified phytocystatins were 19.1 kDa and 16.9 kDa respectively, as determined by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry. Effect of denaturants like ureaon CRCI and II was analysed by Fluorescence spectroscopy. Results suggest an unfolding of CRCI and II. FTIR results show that structurally CRCI is different from CRCII. Hydrophobic interactions are observed over a longer timescale (5 - 150 min). Furthermore, fluorescence spectroscopy results show quenching of fluorescence intensity of CRC I and II, although to different extent, due to perturbations of the environment of aromatic residues in the protein. Both the cystatins showed strong inhibitory/antibacterial activity against E. coliand S.

Preparation and Characterization of TiO₂and SiO₂Thin Films

Although scaling will continue for couple of decades but device geometries reaches to atomic size and limitation of quantum mechanical physical boundaries. To address these problems there is need of innovation in material science & engineering, device structure, and new nano devices based on different principle of physics. So TiO2 thin films have been grown on well clean N-type silicon substrates via a sol–gel spin coating method. MOS capacitor were fabricated and characterized with SiO2 and TiO2 as dielectric material on N-type silicon wafer. The thickness was measured by stylus profiler and found to be 510 ? and 528 ? for SiO2 and TiO2 respectively. Some of the material parameters were found from the measured Capacitance -Voltage (C-V) curve obtained by SUPREM-III (Stanford University Process Engineering Model Version 0-83) for SiO2 and C-V Keithly 590 analyzer for TiO2 thin films. The result shows that obtained TiO2 film present a dielectric constant of approximately 80. The refractive index was found to be 2.4 and optical constant was 5.43 obtained from Ellipsometry. Band gap 3.6 eV of TiO2 was calculated by spectrophotometer and Surface morphology was obtained using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM-JEOL) micrograph. The aluminum (Al) metal was deposited by the thermal evaporation system on the back side of the sample for the ohmic contact. Analysis shows that TiO2 may be acceptable as a viable substitute for high k dielectric in order to prevent the tunneling current problems.

Hazardous Chemicals in Drinking Groundwater of District Meerut,UP,India

Water is an essential natural resource for sustaining life and environment.Though groundwater contributes only 0.6%of the total water resources on earth, it is the major and preferred source of drinking water in rural as well as urban areas of many developing countries like India.Uttar Pradesh state

Alternate Technique for Doing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Situs Inversus

A 45-year-old female with known situs inversus totalis presented with left-sided abdominal discomfort. Chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasonography and CT scan confirmed the diagnosis of a gallstone, as well as, situs inversus;Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was safely performed with mirror image of standard 4 ports. Callots triangle dissection was done with epigastric working port by surgeon, but gallbladder fossa dissection was done by surgical assistant from midclavicular port as main working port. Laparoscopic surgeon should be careful for view of reversed relationships and also for existence of other anomalies.

Effect of random movement and cooperative hunting in the prey-predator system:A dynamical approach

Self-diffusion prerequisite is obtained as the spreading approach of biological populations.Cooperative hunting is a common behavior in predator populations that promotes predation and the coexistence of the prey-predator system.On the other side,the Allee effect among prey may cause the system to become unstable.In this paper,a difusive prey predator system with cooperative hunting and the weak Allee effect in prey populations is discussed.The linear stability and Hopf-bifurcation analysis had been used to examine the system's stability.From the spatial stability of the system,the conditions for Turing instability have been derived.The multiple-scale analysis has been used to derive the amplitude equations of the system.The stability analysis of these amplitude equations leads to the formation of Turing patterns.Finally,numerical simulations are used to analyze spatial patterns forming in 1-D and 2-D.The studies indicate that the model can generate a complex pattern structure and that self-diffusion has a drastic impacton species distribution.

Artificial Intelligence for Maximizing Agricultural Input Use Efficiency: Exploring Nutrient, Water and Weed Management Strategies

Agriculture plays a crucial role in the economy,and there is an increasing global emphasis on automating agri-cultural processes.With the tremendous increase in population,the demand for food and employment has also increased significantly.Agricultural methods traditionally used to meet these requirements are no longer ade-quate,requiring solutions to issues such as excessive herbicide use and the use of chemical fertilizers.Integration of technologies such as the Internet of Things,wireless communication,machine learning,artificial intelligence(AI),and deep learning shows promise in addressing these challenges.However,there is a lack of comprehensive documentation on the application and potential of AI in improving agricultural input efficiency.To address this gap,a desk research approach was used by utilizing peer-reviewed electronic databases like PubMed,Scopus,Goo-gle Scholar,Web of Science,and Science Direct for relevant articles.Out of 327 initially identified articles,180 were deemed pertinent,focusing primarily on AI’s potential in enhancing yield through better management of nutrients,water,and weeds.Taking into account researchfindings worldwide,we found that AI technologies could assist farmers by providing recommendations on the optimal nutrients to enhance soil quality and deter-mine the best time for irrigation or herbicide application.The present status of AI-driven automation in agricul-ture holds significant promise for optimizing agricultural input utilization and reducing resource waste,particularly in the context of three pillars of crop management,i.e.,nutrient,irrigation,and weed management.

美国食品和药物管理局中草药新药临床试验申请

近年来,中草药和植物药的研发越来越受到制药工业的关注。各国的药物管理机构也在逐步完善中草药和植物药的审批要求。本文主要介绍了美国食品和药物管理局对于中草药的临床试验申请的相关问题。

Heat Shock Factors HsfB 1 and HsfB2b Are Involved in the Regulation of Pdf1.2 Expression and Pathogen Resistance in Arabidopsis

In order to assess the functional roles of heat stress-induced class B-heat shock factors in Arabidopsis, we investigated T-DNA knockout mutants of AtHsfB1 and AtHsfB2b. Micorarray analysis of double knockout hsfB1/hsfB2b plants revealed as strong an up-regulation of the basal mRNA-levels of the defensin genes Pdfl.2a/b in mutant plants. The Pdfexpression was further enhanced by jasmonic acid treatment or infection with the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola. The single mutant hsfB2b and the double mutant hsfB 1/B2b were significantly improved in disease resistance after A. brassicicola infection. There was no indication for a direct interaction of Hsf with the promoter of Pdf1.2, which is devoid of perfect HSE consensus Hsf-binding sequences. However, changes in the formation of late HsfA2-dependent HSE binding were detected in hsfB1/B2b plants. This suggests that HsfB1/B2b may interact with class A-Hsf in regulating the shut-off of the heat shock response. The identification of Pdfgenes as targets of Hsf-dependent negative regulation is the first evidence for an interconnection of Hsf in the regulation of biotic and abiotic responses.

Effect of polycarboxylate type of super plasticizer on the hydration properties of composite cements

The work aims to study the effect of polycarboxylate type of super plasticizer on the hydration of composite cements.In this paper we have studied the hydration of 20 wt%fly ash(FA)blended Portland cement in the presence of 0.1 wt%super plasticizer(SP).Water consistency,setting times,non-evaporable water contents,compressive strength,water percolation,and air content measurements were carried out.In addition,Xray diffraction studies were carried out to understand the hydration process.The results indicated the increase in compressive strength of the FA blended Portland cement in the presence of SP and with the increase of the hydration time.

新药申请人与美国食品和药物管理局的非公开性会议

对于一个新药,美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)从其临床试验的开始就着手了药物研发的监管。申请人可以要求与FDA会面来征求建议,使药物的研发符合相关法律法规。根据2008年的一份权威研究显示,新药申请人要求此类会议的次数越多,新药在第一轮审批后就获得批准的几率也越大。本文主要介绍了FDA与药物申请人的非公开性会议。

On New Similarity Solutions of the Boiti–Leon–Pempinelli System

In the present work,the new exact solutions of the Boiti–Leon–Pempinelli system have been found.The system has extensive physical background.The exact solutions of the Boiti–Leon–Pempinelli system are investigated using similarity transformation method via Lie group theory.Lie symmetry generators are used for constructing similarity variables for the given system of partial diferential equations,which lead to the new system of partial diferential equations with one variable less at each step and eventually to a system of ordinary diferential equations(ODEs).Finally,these ODEs are solved exactly.The exact solutions are obtained under some parametric restrictions.The elastic behavior of the soliton solutions is shown graphically by taking some appropriate choices of the arbitrary functions involved in the solutions.

Capacitance-voltage analysis of a high-k dielectric on silicon

Device characteristics of TiO;gate dielectrics deposited by a sol-gel method and DC sputtering method on a P-type silicon wafer are reported.Metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors with Al as the top electrode were fabricated to study the electrical properties of TiO;films.The films were physically characterized by using X-ray diffraction,a capacitor voltage measurement,scanning electron microscopy,and by spectroscopy ellipsometry.The XRD and DST-TG indicate the presence of an anatase TiO;phase in the film.Films deposited at higher temperatures showed better crystallinity.The dielectric constant calculated using the capacitance voltage measurement was found to be 18 and 73 for sputtering and sol-gel samples respectively.The refractive indices of the films were found to be 2.16 for sputtering and 2.42 for sol-gel samples.

Connecting muon anomalous magnetic moment and multi-lepton anomalies at LHC

In a previous paper by several of the authors a number of predictions were made in a study pertaining to the anomalous production of multiple leptons at the Large Hadron Collider(LHC). Discrepancies in multi-lepton final states have become statistically compelling with the available Run 2 data. These could be connected with a heavy boson, H, which predominantly decays into a standard model Higgs boson, h, and a singlet scalar, S, where mH≈270 GeV and mS≈150 GeV. These can then be embedded into a scenario where a two-Higgs-doublet is considered with an additional singlet scalar, 2HDM+S. The long-standing discrepancy in the muon anomalous magnetic moment,△aμ, is interpreted in the context of the 2HDM+S type-II and type-X, along with additional fermionic degrees of freedom. The 2 HDM+S model alone, with constraints from the LHC data, does not seem to explain the △aμ anomaly.However, adding fermions with mass of order O(100) GeV can explain the discrepancy for sufficiently low values of fermion-scalar couplings.

Analog and radio-frequency performance analysis of silicon-nanotube MOSFETs

This work presents a comparative study of the influence of various parameters on the analog and RF properties of silicon-nanotube MOSFETs and nanowire-based gate-all-around（GAA） MOSFETs.The important analog and RF performance parameters of SiNT FETs and GAA MOSFETs,namely drain current（/d）,transconductance to drain current ratio（g_m/I_d）,I_（on）/I_（off）,the cut-off frequency（f_T） and the maximum frequency of oscillation（/max） are evaluated with the help of Y- and H-parameters which are obtained from a 3-D device simulator,ATLAS^（TM）.It is found that the silicon-nanotube MOSFETs have far more superior analog and RF characteristics（g_m/I_d,f_T and /max） compared to the nanowire-based gate-all-around GAA MOSFETs.The silicon-nanotube MOSFET shows an improvement of ~2.5 and 3 times in the case of f_T and /max values respectively compared with the nanowire-based gate-all-around（GAA） MOSFET.