Association of Overlapped and Un-overlapped Comorbidities with COVID-19 Severity and Treatment Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study from Nine Provinces in China

Objective Several COVID-19 patients have overlapping comorbidities. The independent role of each component contributing to the risk of COVID-19 is unknown, and how some non-cardiometabolic comorbidities affect the risk of COVID-19 remains unclear.Methods A retrospective follow-up design was adopted. A total of 1,160 laboratory-confirmed patients were enrolled from nine provinces in China. Data on comorbidities were obtained from the patients’ medical records. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio(OR) and 95% confidence interval(95% CI) of the associations between comorbidities(cardiometabolic or non-cardiometabolic diseases), clinical severity, and treatment outcomes of COVID-19.Results Overall, 158(13.6%) patients were diagnosed with severe illness and 32(2.7%) had unfavorable outcomes. Hypertension(2.87, 1.30–6.32), type 2 diabetes(T2 DM)(3.57, 2.32–5.49),cardiovascular disease(CVD)(3.78, 1.81–7.89), fatty liver disease(7.53, 1.96–28.96), hyperlipidemia(2.15, 1.26–3.67), other lung diseases(6.00, 3.01–11.96), and electrolyte imbalance(10.40, 3.00–26.10)were independently linked to increased odds of being severely ill. T2 DM(6.07, 2.89–12.75), CVD(8.47,6.03–11.89), and electrolyte imbalance(19.44, 11.47–32.96) were also strong predictors of unfavorable outcomes. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease on admission(5.46,3.25–9.19), while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes(6.58, 1.46–29.64) within two weeks.Conclusion Besides hypertension, diabetes, and CVD, fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, other lung diseases, and electrolyte imbalance were independent risk factors for COVID-19 severity and poor treatment outcome. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease, while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes.

Early outcomes of vision and objective visual quality analysis after cataract surgery with trifocal intraocular lens implantation

AIM: To investigate the early outcomes of vision, objective visual quality and their correlation after cataract surgery with trifocal intraocular lens implantation.METHODS: The visual examination and objective visual quality analysis using Optical Quality Analysis System(OQAS) at 1 mo and 3 mo, and defocus curve examination at 3 mo were performed in 20 patients(27 eyes) after phacoemulsification combined with trifocal intraocular lens implantation surgery.RESULTS: The uncorrected distant(UD), intermediate and near visual acuity(VA) were significantly improved after surgery(P<0.001). UDVA at 1 mo after the surgery was slightly better than that after 3 mo(P=0.026). The defocus curve after 3 mo indicated that the peak of distant vision was close to 0 logMAR, and UDVA was lower than 0.3 logMAR in the range of-1.5 D to-3.0 D. The modulation transfer function(MTF) cutoff frequency, strehl ratio(SR), Optical Quality Analysis System values(OVs), includes OV100, OV20 and OV9 after the surgery were significantly better than before surgery(P<0.001), but the objective scattering index(OSI) was significantly decreased(P<0.001). UDVA at 3 mo after the surgery had correlations with MTF cutoff, OSI, OV100 and OV20(r=-0.400, 0.431,-0.437,-0.411, P=0.039, 0.025, 0.023, 0.033). The uncorrected intermediate VA after 3 mo of the surgery had correlations with OSI and OV100(r=0.478,-0.411, P=0.012, 0.033). CONCLUSION: Trifocal intraocular lens implantation can provide good distant, intermediate and near VA, and the vision shows a well correlation with objective visual quality during early surgery.

Evolution of Morphology and Properties of Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone ketone) Membranes Fabricated via Electrospinning

Sulfonated poly（ether ether ketone kctone）（SPEEKK） membranes with different degrees of sulfonation（DS） were successfully prepared via electrospinning method. The morphology of the resulted membranes varies from nanospheres to nanofibers with increasing the concentration of SPEEKK. The conductivities of the membranes prepared under the same condition increase with the DS increasing. The spherical morphological membranes with a DS of 1.2 show the highest proton conductivity, 0.55 S/cm, which is much higher than those of the membranes prepared via normal solution evaporation method. The results show that electrospinning is an efficient method to prepare high performance SPEEKK membranes with different morphologies.

Comparative analysis of visual quality between unilateral implantation of a trifocal intraocular lens and a rotationally asymmetric refractive multifocal intraocular lens

·AIM:To compare visual quality after unilateral cataract surgery with implantation of trifocal intraocular lens(IOL)and asymmetric refractive multifocal IOL.·METHODS:The prospective nonrandom,comparative study consisted of 60 eyes of 60 patients suffering unilateral cataract surgery with implantation of two different IOLs:AT LISA tri 839 MP(30 eyes;Carl Zeiss Meditec,Germany)and LS-313 MF30(30 eyes;Oculentis GmbH,Germany).Visual acuity,refractive outcome,contrast sensitivity,defocus curves,quality of vision,and optical phenomena were evaluated at3 mo postoperatively.·RESULTS:There were no statistical differences between groups in uncorrected distance visual acuity(P=0.13)and uncorrected near visual acuity(P=0.54).In contrast,uncorrected intermediate visual acuity was better in trifocal group compared to the refractive multifocal group(P=0.02).No significant statistical between-group difference was detected in cylinder(P=0.43).Compared to trifocal group,spherical refraction and spherical equivalent in refractive multi focal group were more myopic(P<0.01).Under photopic conditions,no significant statistical differences were found between groups in contrast sensitivity at 3 and 6 cycles per degree(cpd).The refractive multifocal group performed better at 12 and 18 cpd than the trifocal group(P=0.01,P=0.034,respectively).The questionnaires of quality of vision and optical phenomena showed no differences between groups.·CONCLUSION:Trifocal IOL is superior to refractive multifocal IOL in intermediate visual acuity.Rotationally asymmetric refractive multifocal IOL is more myopic in automated refraction and significantly better for the photopic contrast sensitivity at high frequency.

Effects of perioperative managements on ocular surface microbiota in intravitreal injection patients

AIM:To investigate the effects of on ocular surface microbiota in patients who received intravitreal injections.METHODS:Samples of ocular surface microbiota were obtained from 41 eyes of 41 patients who visited the Department of Ophthalmology.Patients were separated for three groups.Group A did not receive perioperative managements or intravitreal injection.Group B1 received only once and B2 received more than twice.In operating room,the samples were collected on the ocular surface.Operating taxonomic units(OTUs) clustering and alpha/beta diversity analysis was performed.The microbial 16S rRNA from samples were analyzed using the Hi Seq 2500 platform.RESULTS:Alpha diversity did not differ in each group,and beta diversity differed in the B2 group.Beta diversity showed a significant difference between Group A and B2(P=0.048).With the perioperative managements before intravitreal injection,the composition and relative abundance were altered.Top 10 microbiota on phylum and genus level,and then microbiota notably changed at genus level were listed.Gram-negative bacteria were varied more.Furthermore,Proteus was not found in Groups A and B1,but it was appeared after the patients received perioperative management and intravitreal injections in Group B2.CONCLUSION:With the perioperative managements,the balance of microbiota on the ocular surface is destroyed,and relative composition and abundance of microbiota on the ocular surface is obviously altered.The clinical doctors should pay more attention on the consequence of perioperative managements before intravitreal injection.

机匣-动叶的相对运动对高负荷涡轮叶顶气热性能的影响

Base on the standard k-ωturbulent model,numerical method for solving three dimensional Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)was adopted to study the aerothermal characteristics of the turbine blade with casing relative motion.Experimental data were used to verify the effectiveness of the numerical method and turbulent model.The effect of blade tip clearance,geometry and relative motion on blade tip aerothermal characteristics were analyzed.The numerical results show that for the flat tip,relative motion can effectively suppress tip leakage and reduce leakage vortex size at rotating blade-static casing(BRCS)and static bladerotating casing(BSCR)conditions.A high level of heat transfer region can be observed near the leading edge at the conditions of rotating bladerotating casing(BRCS)and static bladestatic casing(BSCR).The blade tip heat transfer coefficient expands with the increase of tip clearance at different relative motion modes.At the brcs and bscs,the axial average heat transfer trend is the closest when the tip clearance is 1.5%H.The scraping vortex generated by relative motion at brcr and bscs inhib-its the development of leakage flow for squealer tip because of its sealing effect.High level of heat transfer region is also concentrated in the leading edge at brcr and bscs.The size of scraping vortex weakens with the increase of cavity depth.The distribution trend of the average heat transfer coefficient is similar in the two cases of relative static and relative motion,except for the case of 2.5%H cavity depth.

新型牙科复合树脂的制备与机械性能研究

目的:研究纳米/微米SiO_2混合填料对新型牙科复合树脂机械性能的影响。方法:将纳米/微米SiO_2混合填料加入联苯基单体TMBPEA中,制备新型牙科复合树脂。实验分为5个实验组和1个以Bis-GMA为单体的对照组,测试各组试样的挠曲强度、弹性模量;扫描电镜观察含SiO_2填料样本的断面形貌。结果:含TMBPEA和50%SiO_2填料组试样的机械性能最高,挠曲强度和弹性模量分别为(96.83±0.55)MPa、(7.12±0.20)GPa。SEM结果显示该组试样的无机填料均匀致密地分散在连续的有机基质中。结论:以TMBPEA为基质的复合树脂是一种有应用前景的牙科复合树脂材料。

辣椒素对人大细胞肺癌NCI-H460细胞的影响

目的观察辣椒素对人大细胞肺癌细胞NCI-H460增殖、迁移与侵袭能力的影响,探讨其抗非小细胞肺癌的可能机制。方法体外培养NCI-H460细胞,实验组以不同终浓度辣椒素进行处理,对照组加入等体积二甲亚砜,其余条件与实验组完全一致。采用平板克隆形成实验、划痕修复实验、Transwell小室细胞侵袭实验,观察辣椒素对NCI-H460细胞增殖、迁移与侵袭的影响,并采用Western blot分析检测E-cadherin和N-cadherin、Vimentin、Snail的表达。结果100,200,300μmol·L-1辣椒素下NCI-H460细胞克隆形成率分别为(91.17±24.38)%,(43.22±12.91)%和(15.71±4.26)%,对照组为(99.53±21.25)%;25,50,100μmol·L-1辣椒素对NCI-H460细胞迁移率分别为(85.83±17.43)%,(37.92±10.16)%和(21.08±6.39)%,对照组为(93.04±20.23)%;NCI-H460细胞侵袭穿膜细胞数分别为(99.0±18.2),(75.0±17.9)和(52.0±14.1),对照组为(107.0±20.4);中、高浓度辣椒素可显著抑制NCI-H460细胞增殖、迁移与侵袭能力(P<0.05),显著上调E-cadherin表达水平,并显著下调N-cadherin、Vimentin、snail表达水平(P<0.05)。结论辣椒素能明显抑制NCI-H460细胞增殖,降低迁移和侵袭能力,其机制可能与上调E-cadherin表达并与其下调Ncadherin、Vimentin、Snail表达有关。

翼状胬肉患者眼表微生物菌群分析

目的:研究翼状胬肉患者的眼表微生物菌群组成,探索眼表微生物菌群和翼状胬肉的相关性。方法:收集2018-09/2019-01在我院就诊的原发性翼状胬肉患者,翼状胬肉组为患翼状胬肉的26眼,正常对照组为9只对侧正常眼,采用MiseqPE301+8+8+301平台进行细菌16S rDNA基因V3~V4区双端测序,分析比较翼状胬肉组与正常对照组眼表微生物菌群结构与组成差异。结果:两组样品共得到1 837个OTU;Alpha多样性分析,正常对照组物种的多样性高于翼状胬肉组。同时两组优势菌群相似。构成以棒状杆菌、葡萄球菌、链球菌、丙酸杆菌等革兰氏阳性菌为主,其次为革兰氏阴性菌。棒状杆菌在翼状胬肉组比例增高。结论:翼状胬肉组眼表物种多样性下降,棒状杆菌在翼状胬肉患者眼表菌群的丰度显著增高,可能参与眼表免疫状态调节,并影响翼状胬肉的发生与发展。

Influence of Mixing Conditions on Morphologies and Properties of MMT/Epoxy Resin Composite Materials

Montmorillonite（MMT） was directly modified with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide. The interlayer spacing of the organophilic montmorillonite（organo-MMT） corresponding to the d（001） plane peak was 2.21 nm The influences of the content of organo-MMT and mixing conditions including mixing temperature and mixing time on the intercalation and exfoliation structures of MMT/epoxy resin composites were investigated by wide X-ray diffraction（WXRD）. The X-ray patterns reveal that organo-MMT was intercalated by the epoxy resin during mixing process. Only under certain mixing conditions, could the exfoliation nanocomposites be formed. The mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were measured. The results indicate that the composites have better mechanical properties and higher Tg than those of the pristine epoxy resin.

Filtering bleb area and intraocular pressure following subconjunctival injection of CTGF antibody after glaucoma filtration surgery in rabbits

AIM: To study the role of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) antibody in inhibiting bleb scarring after glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS) in rabbit model. METHODS: GFS was performed on both eyes in five rabbits. One eye of each rabbit was chosen randomly as antibody group and received subconjunctival injection of 0.1mL CTGF antibody (50mg/L) immediately after GFS applied and on the 5 th day after GFS. The other eye of each rabbit as control group was received subconjunctival injection of 0.1mL PBS at the same time as antibody group. On postoperative days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14, the appearance of filtrating blebs was observed under slit lamp, the area and the intraocular pressure (IOP) were measured with micrometer and applanation tonometer, respectively. RESULTS: On postoperative days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14, areas of filtrating blebs in antibody group were all larger comparing with the control group (P<0.05) and IOPs of antibody group were lower than the control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Subconjunctival injection of CTGF antibody can maintain larger bleb area and lower IOP after GFS in rabbit.

超声弹性成像对下肢深静脉血栓脱落风险评估的临床价值研究

目的应用超声及弹性成像对下肢深静脉血栓脱落风险进行评估,为可回收下腔静脉滤器置入及回收提供重要的参考依据。方法选择50例下肢深静脉血栓患者,可回收下腔静脉滤器置入术前超声诊断报危急值14例为高危组,未报危急值的36例为低危组,记录两组回收术中滤器内收集血栓情况,比较两组患者的血栓脱落率。下腔静脉滤器回收术前再进行超声检查,将回收术前超声诊断结果与置入术前超声诊断结果比较。血栓有变化的16例为变化组,血栓无变化34例为稳定组,记录两组回收术中滤器内收集血栓的情况,比较两组患者的血栓脱落率。结果高危组10例滤器收集到血栓,血栓脱落率71.43%,低危可见6例滤器收集到血栓,血栓脱落率16.6%。两组患者血栓脱落率比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=16.62,P<0.05)。变化组可见10例滤器收集到血栓,血栓脱落率62.5%,稳定组可见4例滤器中收集到血栓,血栓脱落率为11.8%,两组患者血栓脱落率比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=19.94,P<0.05)。结论超声弹性成像可以较准确的评估下肢静脉血栓脱落的风险,为下腔静脉滤器置入、回收提供参考依据,具有重要的临床价值。

Hybird Membrane with High Proton Conductivity and Selectivity Based on SPEEK for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Composite membranes based on sulfonated silica/sulfonated poly（ether ether ketone）（SPEEK） were prepared by means of sol-gel method so as to gain a high conductivity and reasonable methanol permeability.The sulfonated silica is generated in situ via the hydrolysis of sulfonated 3-anminopropyl triethoxysilane（KH550） synthesized newly from 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane and 1,4-butane sultone.The membrane with a silica mass fraction of 5% exhibits a conductivity of 0.187 S/cm at 80 °C and a methanol coefficient with 9.72×10-7 cm2/s.The composite membranes show improved condutive ability and better selectivity that can be promisingly used in direct methanol fuel cell.

Studies on Liquid Crystalline Bis[4-(p-phenoxy)-phenylbenzoate]Alkyldicarboxylat

ＳｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｎＬｉｑｕｉｄＣｒｙｓｔａｌｉｎｅＢｉｓ［４┐（ｐ┐ｐｈｅｎｏｘｙ）┐ｐｈｅｎｙｌｂｅｎｚｏａｔｅ］Ａｌｋｙｌｄｉｃａｒｂｏｘｙｌａｔｅ＊ＸＩＮＧＰｅｉ－ｘｉａｎｇ，ＴＩＡＮＹａｎ－ｑｉｎｇ，ＷＡＮＧＪｕｎ－ｚｕｏＮＡＨｕｉ，Ｔ...

Effect of Sulfonation Degree on Performance of Proton Exchange Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

A series of proton exchange membranes based on sulfonated polyarylene ether ketones（SPAEKs） was used to study the effect of sulfonation degree on proton conductivity, methanol permeation and performance of direct methanol fuel cells（DMFCs）. Dependences of physical characteristics of the membranes, i. e., proton conductivity, water uptake, swelling ratio, methanol permeability and ion exchange capacity（IEC） were systematically studied. Both methanol permeability and proton conductivity of the SPAEK membrane grow rapidly as the increase in sulfonation degree since methanol molecules and protons share the same transfer channel. However, the methanol permeability plays more important role comparing to proton conductivity. As a result, the SPAEK membrane with a medium sulfonation degree（60%） was found to yield the best performance in a DMFC due to the acquirement of balanced conductivity and methanol permeability.

Hollow-glass-microsphere-based Biphenyl Epoxy Resin Composite with Low Dielectric Contant

In this study, rigid 4,4＇-diglycidyl（3,3＇,5,5＇-tetramethylbiphenyl） epoxy（TMBP）-based composites were developed by the incorporation of varying percentages of commercial hollow glass microspheres（HGMs, QH-450） into the TMBP resin used for electronic packaging. The thermal and mechanical properties as well as the morphology of all the composites were characterized, and dielectric properties were characterized by advanced analytical techniques. The results reveal that a series of TMBP/QH-450 composites exhibits higher initial degradation tempera- tures（Td, s,/o〉300 ~C）, and the residual char and glass transition temperature were clearly improved with QH-450 loading. In addition, all epoxy composites exhibited a lower dielectric constant ranging from 3.74 to 3.06 at 1.2 MHz because the lower dielectric properties of the inert gas used as the core of the QH-450 decreased molecule polarity. Hence, this developed TMBP/QH450 system demonstrates potential applications in electronic packaging.

Comb-shaped 2-Methylimidazolium Poly(arylene ether sulfone) Anion Exchange Membranes with High Alkaline Stability

A series of comb-shaped poly(arylene ether sulfone)s containing pendant 2-methyl-3-alkylimidazolitun group(ImPAES-Cx,x=1,6,10)was prepared and characterized as novel anion exchange membranes.These Im-PAES-Cx membranes were obtained by benzylic bromination and imidazolium functionalization.The characteristic nano-phase separation structure was formed in membranes with longer alkyl side chains,as confmned by small-angle X-ray scattering.The nano-phase separation structures endowed ImPAES-Cx membranes with improved ionic conductivity,dimensional stability(at least 60% decrease water uptake and swelling ratio at 60℃)and mechanical properties,together with excellent alkaline stability.Especially,ImPAES-C6 membranes possessed enhanced hydroxide conductivity and chemical stability simultaneously.These results suggest that it is a feasible strategy to introduce appropriate length of alkyl side chains into anion exchange membranes(AEMs)to improve the performance.