Marine biofouling is an urgent global problem in the process of ocean exploitation and utilization.In our work,a series of zinc-based acrylate copolymers(ACZn-x)were designed and synthesized using benzoic acid,zinc ox...Marine biofouling is an urgent global problem in the process of ocean exploitation and utilization.In our work,a series of zinc-based acrylate copolymers(ACZn-x)were designed and synthesized using benzoic acid,zinc oxide(ZnO)and a random quaternion copolymer consisting of ethyl acrylate(EA),butyl acrylate(BA),acrylic acid(AA)and methacrylic acid(MAA)by free radical polymerization and dehydration condensation.The ACZn-x with a zinc benzoate side chain is able to hydrolyze in natural seawater under static conditions,resulting in the formation of a smooth surface.We investigated and confirmed the antifouling(AF)behavior of ACZn-x in the laboratory and revealed that they have better antibacterial(86%for S.aureus and 72%for E.coli)and anti-algal(≥60.1%for N.closterium and≥67.5%for P.subcordiformis)activities.We also assessed the marine AF properties of ACZn-x and corresponding coatings in Qingdao,China;the ACZn-x exhibited ideal AF properties with little silt and biological mucosa adhered to the ACZn-x surface after 6 months,and corresponding coatings exhibited little biofouling after 16 months in the ocean.Importantly,possible AF mechanisms were further proposed at the cellular level.These results could be helpful for the development and application of effective AF coatings.展开更多
以实验室自主合成的辣素类化合物——N-(4-羟基-2-甲基-5-甲硫基苄基)丙烯酰胺(HMMBA)为功能单体,通过与丙烯酸酯类单体的自由基聚合反应,合成出侧链悬挂辣素衍生结构的丙烯酸树脂,采用红外光谱(IR)和核磁氢谱(1 H NMR)对其结构进行了...以实验室自主合成的辣素类化合物——N-(4-羟基-2-甲基-5-甲硫基苄基)丙烯酰胺(HMMBA)为功能单体,通过与丙烯酸酯类单体的自由基聚合反应,合成出侧链悬挂辣素衍生结构的丙烯酸树脂,采用红外光谱(IR)和核磁氢谱(1 H NMR)对其结构进行了表征。考察了引发剂用量、聚合温度、聚合时间对树脂合成的影响,并确定了树脂的最佳合成条件为,引发剂用量为单体质量的1.5%,聚合温度为100℃,聚合时间为8h。以自然界常见细菌大肠杆菌作为受试菌对所合成的树脂进行了抗菌性能测试,实验结果表明,随着HMMBA含量的增加,树脂的抗菌率也相应增大。展开更多
Based on the analysis of light hydrocarbon compositions of natural gas and regional comparison in combination with the chemical components and carbon isotopic compositions of methane,the indication of geochemical char...Based on the analysis of light hydrocarbon compositions of natural gas and regional comparison in combination with the chemical components and carbon isotopic compositions of methane,the indication of geochemical characteristics of light hydrocarbons on the migration features,dissolution and escape of natural gas from the Dongsheng gas field in the Ordos Basin is revealed,and the effect of migration on specific light hydrocarbon indexes is further discussed.The study indicates that,natural gas from the Lower Shihezi Formation(Pix)in the Dongsheng gas field displays higher iso-C5-7contents than n-C5-7contents,and the C6-7light hydrocarbons are composed of paraffins with extremely low aromatic contents(<0.4%),whereas the C7light hydrocarbons are dominated by methylcyclohexane,suggesting the characteristics of coal-derived gas with the influence by secondary alterations such as dissolution.The natural gas from the Dongsheng gas field has experienced free-phase migration from south to north and different degrees of dissolution after charging,and the gas in the Shiguhao area to the north of the Borjianghaizi fault has experienced apparent diffusion loss after accumulation.Long-distance migration in free phase results in the decrease of the relative contents of the methylcyclohexane in C7 light hydrocarbons and the toluene/n-heptane ratio,as well as the increase of the n-heptane/methylcyclohexane ratio and heptane values.The dissolution causes the increase of isoheptane values of the light hydrocarbons,whereas the diffusion loss of natural gas in the Shiguhao area results in the increase of n-C5-7contents compared to the iso-C5-7contents.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(No.2019YFC0312101)the Scientific Research Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City Administration(No.SKJC2020-01-015)the Hainan Provincial Key Research and Development Project(No.ZDYF2021GXJS029)。
文摘Marine biofouling is an urgent global problem in the process of ocean exploitation and utilization.In our work,a series of zinc-based acrylate copolymers(ACZn-x)were designed and synthesized using benzoic acid,zinc oxide(ZnO)and a random quaternion copolymer consisting of ethyl acrylate(EA),butyl acrylate(BA),acrylic acid(AA)and methacrylic acid(MAA)by free radical polymerization and dehydration condensation.The ACZn-x with a zinc benzoate side chain is able to hydrolyze in natural seawater under static conditions,resulting in the formation of a smooth surface.We investigated and confirmed the antifouling(AF)behavior of ACZn-x in the laboratory and revealed that they have better antibacterial(86%for S.aureus and 72%for E.coli)and anti-algal(≥60.1%for N.closterium and≥67.5%for P.subcordiformis)activities.We also assessed the marine AF properties of ACZn-x and corresponding coatings in Qingdao,China;the ACZn-x exhibited ideal AF properties with little silt and biological mucosa adhered to the ACZn-x surface after 6 months,and corresponding coatings exhibited little biofouling after 16 months in the ocean.Importantly,possible AF mechanisms were further proposed at the cellular level.These results could be helpful for the development and application of effective AF coatings.
文摘以实验室自主合成的辣素类化合物——N-(4-羟基-2-甲基-5-甲硫基苄基)丙烯酰胺(HMMBA)为功能单体,通过与丙烯酸酯类单体的自由基聚合反应,合成出侧链悬挂辣素衍生结构的丙烯酸树脂,采用红外光谱(IR)和核磁氢谱(1 H NMR)对其结构进行了表征。考察了引发剂用量、聚合温度、聚合时间对树脂合成的影响,并确定了树脂的最佳合成条件为,引发剂用量为单体质量的1.5%,聚合温度为100℃,聚合时间为8h。以自然界常见细菌大肠杆菌作为受试菌对所合成的树脂进行了抗菌性能测试,实验结果表明,随着HMMBA含量的增加,树脂的抗菌率也相应增大。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42172149,U2244209)Sinopec Science and Technology Research Project(P23230,P22132)。
文摘Based on the analysis of light hydrocarbon compositions of natural gas and regional comparison in combination with the chemical components and carbon isotopic compositions of methane,the indication of geochemical characteristics of light hydrocarbons on the migration features,dissolution and escape of natural gas from the Dongsheng gas field in the Ordos Basin is revealed,and the effect of migration on specific light hydrocarbon indexes is further discussed.The study indicates that,natural gas from the Lower Shihezi Formation(Pix)in the Dongsheng gas field displays higher iso-C5-7contents than n-C5-7contents,and the C6-7light hydrocarbons are composed of paraffins with extremely low aromatic contents(<0.4%),whereas the C7light hydrocarbons are dominated by methylcyclohexane,suggesting the characteristics of coal-derived gas with the influence by secondary alterations such as dissolution.The natural gas from the Dongsheng gas field has experienced free-phase migration from south to north and different degrees of dissolution after charging,and the gas in the Shiguhao area to the north of the Borjianghaizi fault has experienced apparent diffusion loss after accumulation.Long-distance migration in free phase results in the decrease of the relative contents of the methylcyclohexane in C7 light hydrocarbons and the toluene/n-heptane ratio,as well as the increase of the n-heptane/methylcyclohexane ratio and heptane values.The dissolution causes the increase of isoheptane values of the light hydrocarbons,whereas the diffusion loss of natural gas in the Shiguhao area results in the increase of n-C5-7contents compared to the iso-C5-7contents.
