The present study investigates the effects of congruency and frequency on adjective-noun collocational processing for Chinese learners of English at two proficiency levels based on the data obtained in an online accep...The present study investigates the effects of congruency and frequency on adjective-noun collocational processing for Chinese learners of English at two proficiency levels based on the data obtained in an online acceptability judgment task.The subject pool of this research included 60 English majors studying at a university in China;30 were selected as a higher-proficiency group and 30 as a lower-proficiency group according to their Vocabulary Levels Test(Schmitt et al.,2001)scores and their self-reported proficiency in English.The experimental materials were programmed to E-prime 2.0 and included six types of collocations:(1)15 high-frequency congruent collocations,(2)15 low-frequency congruent collocations,(3)15 high-frequency incongruent collocations,(4)15 low-frequency incongruent collocations,(5)15 Chinese-only items,and(6)75 unrelated items for baseline data.The collected response times(RTs)and accuracy rates data were statistically analyzed by the use of an ANOVA test and pairwise comparisons through SPSS 16.0 software.The results revealed that:(1)the adjective-noun collocational processing of Chinese English learners is influenced by collocational frequency,congruency and L2 proficiency;(2)the processing time is affected by the interaction of congruency and frequency;and(3)the interactive effect of L2 proficiency in conjunction with congruency and frequency also influences the processing quality.展开更多
First principles calculations and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy(SKPFM)were used to investigate the effect of elements migration ofα-AlFeMnSi phase on micro-galvanic corrosion behavior of Al-Zn-Mg alloy.The s...First principles calculations and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy(SKPFM)were used to investigate the effect of elements migration ofα-AlFeMnSi phase on micro-galvanic corrosion behavior of Al-Zn-Mg alloy.The simulation results showed that the average work function difference between theα-AlFeMnSi phase and Al matrix decreased from 0.232 to 0.065 eV due to the synchronous migration of elements Fe-Mn-Si.Specifically,as the elements Fe-Si migration during the extrusion process,the average Volta potential difference detected by SKPFM between theα-AlFeMnSi phase and Al matrix dropped down to 432.383 mV from 648.370 mV.Thus,the elements migration reduced the micro-galvanic corrosion sensitivity of Al-Zn-Mg alloy.To reach the calculated low micro-galvanic tendency betweenα-AlFeMnSi phase and Al matrix,the diffusion of Mn should be promoted during extruding process.展开更多
Horticultural therapy has a long history,and its application in China has been delayed for more than 20 years than that in the United States and the United Kingdom.The psychological mechanism of horticultural therapy ...Horticultural therapy has a long history,and its application in China has been delayed for more than 20 years than that in the United States and the United Kingdom.The psychological mechanism of horticultural therapy is mainly to improve emotional cognition and emotional state,and promote physical and mental health.Based on the character of traditional Chinese medicine,combined with the modern probiotics and the environmental protection measures of sewage treatment,the research of preventing and treating insomnia and depression was carried out by using the living Chinese herbal medicine ecosystem,and good results were obtained.Based on the concepts of traditional Chinese medicine,big health and environment protection,the mechanism of horticultural therapy should be further studied.Horticultural therapy should be integrated extensively in the construction of landscaping,to construct horticultural therapy system with Chinese characteristics.展开更多
Objective： Annual cancer incidence and mortality in 2008 were provided by National Central Cancer Registry in China, which data were collected from population‐based cancer registries in 2011. Methods： There were 56...Objective： Annual cancer incidence and mortality in 2008 were provided by National Central Cancer Registry in China, which data were collected from population‐based cancer registries in 2011. Methods： There were 56 registries submitted their data in 2008. After checking and evaluating the data quality, total 41 registries＇ data were accepted and pooled for analysis. Incidence and mortality rates by area （urban or rural areas） were assessed, as well as the age‐ and sex‐specific rates, age‐standardized rates, proportions and cumulative rate. Results： The coverage population of the 41 registries was 66,138,784 with 52,158,495 in urban areas and 13,980,289 in rural areas. There were 197,833 new cancer cases and 122,136 deaths in cancer with mortality to incidence ratio of 0.62. The morphological verified rate was 69.33%, and 2.23% of cases were identified by death certificate only. The crude cancer incidence rate in all areas was 299.12/100,000 （330.16/100,000 in male and 267.56/100,000 in female） and the age‐standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population （ASIRC） and world standard population （ASIRW） were 148.75/100,000 and 194.99/100,000, respectively. The cumulative incidence rate （0-74 years old） was of 22.27%. The crude incidence rate in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas. However, after adjusted by age, the incidence rate in urban was lower than that in rural. The crude cancer mortality was 184.67/100,000 （228.14/100,000 in male and 140.48/100,000 in female）, and the age‐standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population （ASMRC） and by world population were 84.36/100,000 and 114.32/100,000, respectively. The cumulative mortality rate （0-74 years old） was of 12.89%. Age‐adjusted mortality rates in urban areas were lower than that in rural areas. The most common cancer sites were lung, stomach, colon‐rectum, liver, esophagus, pancreas, brain, lymphoma, breast and cervix which accounted for 75% of all cancer incidence. Lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer death, followed by gastric cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer and pancreas cancer, which accounted for 80% of all cancer deaths. The cancer spectrum varied by areas and sex in rural areas, cancers from digestive system were more common, such as esophageal cancer, gastric cancer and liver cancer, while incidence rates of lung cancer and colorectal cancer were much higher in urban areas. In addition, breast cancer was the most common cancer in urban women followed by liver cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. Conclusion： Lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer and female breast cancer contributed to the increased incidence of cancer, which should be paid more attention to in further national cancer prevention and control program. Different cancer control strategies should be carried out due to the varied cancer spectrum in different groups.展开更多
More than 600,000 people are diagnosed with esophageal cancer(EC)every year globally,and the five-year survival rate of EC is less than 20%.Two common histological subtypes of EC,esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESC...More than 600,000 people are diagnosed with esophageal cancer(EC)every year globally,and the five-year survival rate of EC is less than 20%.Two common histological subtypes of EC,esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)and esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC),have great geographical variations in incidence rates.About half of the world’s EC was diagnosed in China and a majority of which belong to ESCC.Globally,the overall incidence rate of EC is decreasing.In some high-risk Asian regions,such as China,the incidence rate of ESCC has generally declined,potentially due to economic growth and improvement of diet habits.In some European high-income countries and the United States,the decline is mainly attributed to the decrease in smoking and drinking.The risk factors of EC are not well understood,and the importance of environmental and genetic factors in the pathogenesis is also unclear.The incidence and mortality of advanced EC can be reduced through early diagnosis and screening.White light endoscopy is still the gold standard in the current screening technology.This article reviews the epidemiology,risk factors,and screening strategies of EC in recent years to help researchers determine the most effective management strategies to reduce the risk of EC.展开更多
Objective:The number of liver cancer patients in China accounts for more than half of the world.However,China currently lacks national,multicenter economic burden data,and meanwhile,measuring the differences among dif...Objective:The number of liver cancer patients in China accounts for more than half of the world.However,China currently lacks national,multicenter economic burden data,and meanwhile,measuring the differences among different subgroups will be informative to formulate corresponding policies in liver cancer control.Thus,the aim of the study was to measure the economic burden of liver cancer by various subgroups.Methods:A hospital-based,multicenter and cross-sectional survey was conducted during 2012・2014,covering 39 hospitals and 21 project sites in 13 provinces across China.The questionnaire covers clinical information,sociology,expenditure,and related variables.All expenditure data were reported in Chinese Yuan(CNY)using 2014 values.Results:A total of 2,223 liver cancer patients were enrolled,of whom 59.61%were late-stage cases(III-IV),and 53.8%were hepatocellular carcinoma.The average total expenditure per liver cancer patient was estimated as 53,220 CNY,including 48,612 CNY of medical expenditures(91.3%)and 4,608 CNY of non-medical expenditures(8.7%).The average total expenditures in stage I,H,m and stage IV were 52,817 CNY,50,877 CNY,50,678 CNY and 54,089 CNY(P>0.05),respectively.Non-medical expenditures including additional meals,additional nutrition care,transportation,accommodation and hired informal nursing were 1,453 CNY,839 CNY,946 CNY,679 CNY and 200 CNY,respectively.The one-year out-of-pocket expenditure of a newly diagnosed patient was 24,953 CNY,and 77.2%of the patients suffered an unmanageable financial burden.Multivariate analysis showed that overall expenditure differed in almost all subgroups(P<0.05),except for sex,clinical stage,and pathologic type.Conclusions:There was no difference in treatment expenditure for liver cancer patients at different clinical stages,which suggests that maintaining efforts on treatment efficacy improvement is important but not enough.To fiirtherly reduce the overall economic burden from liver cancer,more effort should be given to primary and secondary prevention strategies.展开更多
Thrombus formed in blood vessel is a progressive process, which would lead to lifethreatening thrombotic diseases such as ischemic stroke. Unlike other diseases, the recognition of thrombus is usually in the late stag...Thrombus formed in blood vessel is a progressive process, which would lead to lifethreatening thrombotic diseases such as ischemic stroke. Unlike other diseases, the recognition of thrombus is usually in the late stage where blood vessels are largely blocked. So acute thrombotic diseases have a narrow therapeutic window, and remain leading causes of morbidity and mortality, whereas current thrombolysis therapy has limited therapeutic effects and bleeding complications. Thrombolytic agents in unwanted sites would cause hemorrhage due to the activation of plasminogen. Moreover, untargeted thrombolysis therapy require large amounts of thrombolytic agents, which in return would enhance hemorrhage risk. To improve the efficiency while minimizing the adverse effects of traditional thrombolysis therapy, novel drug delivery systems have been investigated. Various targeting strategies including ultrasound and magnetic field directed targeting, and specific binding, have been designed to deliver thrombolytic drugs to the thrombotic sites. These strategies demonstrate promising results in reducing bleeding risk as well as allowing less dosage of thrombolytic drugs with lowered clot lysis time. In this review, we discuss recent progress on targeted delivery of thrombolytics, and summarize treatment advantages and shortcomings, potentially helping to further promote the development of targeted thrombolysis.展开更多
AIM: To investigate whether long-term low-level hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA influences dynamic changes of the FIB-4 index in chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients receiving entecavir(ETV) therapy with partial virological r...AIM: To investigate whether long-term low-level hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA influences dynamic changes of the FIB-4 index in chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients receiving entecavir(ETV) therapy with partial virological responses.METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 231 nucleos-(t)ide(NA) na?ve CHB patients from our previous study(NCT01926288) who received continuous ETV or ETV maleate therapy for three years. The patients were divided into partial virological response(PVR) and complete virological response(CVR) groups according to serum HBV DNA levels at week 48. Seventy-six patients underwent biopsies at baseline and at 48 wk. The performance of the FIB-4 index and area under the receiver operating characteristic(AUROC) curve for predicting fibrosis were determined for the patients undergoing biopsy. The primary objective of the study was to compare the cumulative probabilities of virological responses between the two groups during the treatment period. The secondary outcome was to observe dynamic changes of the FIB-4 index between CVR patients and PVR patients.RESULTS: For hepatitis B e antigen(HBe Ag)-positive patients(n = 178),the cumulative probability of achieving undetectable levels at week 144 was 95%and 69% for CVR and PVR patients,respectively(P < 0.001). In the Cox proportional hazards model,a lower pretreatment serum HBV DNA level was an independent factor predicting maintained viral suppression. The cumulative probability of achieving undetectable levels of HBV DNA for HBe Ag-negative patients(n = 53) did not differ between the two groups. The FIB-4 index efficiently identified fibrosis,with an AUROC of 0.80(95%CI: 0.69-0.89). For HBe Ag-positive patients,the FIB-4 index was higher in CVR patients than in PVR patients at baseline(1.89 ± 1.43 vs 1.18 ± 0.69,P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the reduction of the FIB-4 index between the CVR and PVR groups from weeks 48 to 144(-0.11 ± 0.47 vs-0.13 ± 0.49,P = 0.71). At week 144,the FIB-4 index levels were similar between the two groups(1.24 ± 0.87 vs 1.02 ± 0.73,P = 0.06). After multivariate logistic regression analysis,a lower baseline serum HBV DNA level was associated with improvement of liver fibrosis. In HBe Ag-negative patients,the FIB-4 index did not differ between the two groups.CONCLUSION: The cumulative probabilities of HBV DNA responses showed significant differences between CVR and PVR HBe Ag-positive CHB patients undergoing entecavir treatment for 144 wk. However,long-term low-level HBV DNA did not deteriorate the FIB-4 index,which was used to evaluate liver fibrosis,at the end of three years.展开更多
Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy（AOSLO） has been a promising technique in funds imaging with growing popularity. This review firstly gives a brief history of adaptive optics（AO） and AO-SLO. Then it co...Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy（AOSLO） has been a promising technique in funds imaging with growing popularity. This review firstly gives a brief history of adaptive optics（AO） and AO-SLO. Then it compares AO-SLO with conventional imaging methods（fundus fluorescein angiography, fundus autofluorescence, indocyanine green angiography and optical coherence tomography） and other AO techniques（adaptive optics flood-illumination ophthalmoscopy and adaptive optics optical coherence tomography）. Furthermore, an update of current research situation in AO-SLO is made based on different fundus structures as photoreceptors（cones and rods）, fundus vessels, retinal pigment epithelium layer, retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer and lamina cribrosa. Finally, this review indicates possible research directions of AO-SLO in future.展开更多
This paper presents a theoretical model for predicting and tuning magnetoelectric(ME)effect of ring-shaped composites,in which stress boundary conditions are empoyed and the multi-field coupling property of giant magn...This paper presents a theoretical model for predicting and tuning magnetoelectric(ME)effect of ring-shaped composites,in which stress boundary conditions are empoyed and the multi-field coupling property of giant magnetostrictive materials are taken into account.A linear analytical solutions for the closed-and open-circuit ME voltages are derived simultaneously using mechanical differential equations,interface and boundary conditions,and electrical equations.For nonlinear ME coupling effect,the nonlinear multi-field coupling constitutive equation is reduced to an equivalent form by expanding the strains as a Taylor series in the vicinity of bias magnetic field.Sequentially,the linear model is generalized to a nonlinear one involving the field-dependent material parameters.The results show that setting a stress-free condition is beneficial for reducing resonance frequency while applying clamped conditions on the inner and outer boundaries may improve the maximum output power density.In addition,performing stress conditions on one of the boundaries may enhance ME coupling significantly,without changing the corresponding resonance frequency and optimal resistance.When external stimuli like bias magnetic field and pre-stress are applied to the ring-shaped composites,a novel dual peak phenomenon in the ME voltage curve around resonance frequencies is revealed theoretically,indicating that strong ME coupling may be achieved within a wider bias field region.Eventually,the mutual coordination of the bias field and pre-stress may enhance ME coupling as well as tuning the resonance frequency,and thus is pivotal for tunable control of ME energy harvesters.The proposed model can be applied to design high-performance energy harvesters by manipulating the mechanical conditions and external stimuli.展开更多
文摘The present study investigates the effects of congruency and frequency on adjective-noun collocational processing for Chinese learners of English at two proficiency levels based on the data obtained in an online acceptability judgment task.The subject pool of this research included 60 English majors studying at a university in China;30 were selected as a higher-proficiency group and 30 as a lower-proficiency group according to their Vocabulary Levels Test(Schmitt et al.,2001)scores and their self-reported proficiency in English.The experimental materials were programmed to E-prime 2.0 and included six types of collocations:(1)15 high-frequency congruent collocations,(2)15 low-frequency congruent collocations,(3)15 high-frequency incongruent collocations,(4)15 low-frequency incongruent collocations,(5)15 Chinese-only items,and(6)75 unrelated items for baseline data.The collected response times(RTs)and accuracy rates data were statistically analyzed by the use of an ANOVA test and pairwise comparisons through SPSS 16.0 software.The results revealed that:(1)the adjective-noun collocational processing of Chinese English learners is influenced by collocational frequency,congruency and L2 proficiency;(2)the processing time is affected by the interaction of congruency and frequency;and(3)the interactive effect of L2 proficiency in conjunction with congruency and frequency also influences the processing quality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52125102)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-TP-20-01B)+1 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2020B1515120093)the Special Fund Support for Taishan Industrial Leading Talents Project。
文摘First principles calculations and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy(SKPFM)were used to investigate the effect of elements migration ofα-AlFeMnSi phase on micro-galvanic corrosion behavior of Al-Zn-Mg alloy.The simulation results showed that the average work function difference between theα-AlFeMnSi phase and Al matrix decreased from 0.232 to 0.065 eV due to the synchronous migration of elements Fe-Mn-Si.Specifically,as the elements Fe-Si migration during the extrusion process,the average Volta potential difference detected by SKPFM between theα-AlFeMnSi phase and Al matrix dropped down to 432.383 mV from 648.370 mV.Thus,the elements migration reduced the micro-galvanic corrosion sensitivity of Al-Zn-Mg alloy.To reach the calculated low micro-galvanic tendency betweenα-AlFeMnSi phase and Al matrix,the diffusion of Mn should be promoted during extruding process.
基金Supported by General Projects of Changsha Social Science Planning(2021csskkt43).
文摘Horticultural therapy has a long history,and its application in China has been delayed for more than 20 years than that in the United States and the United Kingdom.The psychological mechanism of horticultural therapy is mainly to improve emotional cognition and emotional state,and promote physical and mental health.Based on the character of traditional Chinese medicine,combined with the modern probiotics and the environmental protection measures of sewage treatment,the research of preventing and treating insomnia and depression was carried out by using the living Chinese herbal medicine ecosystem,and good results were obtained.Based on the concepts of traditional Chinese medicine,big health and environment protection,the mechanism of horticultural therapy should be further studied.Horticultural therapy should be integrated extensively in the construction of landscaping,to construct horticultural therapy system with Chinese characteristics.
文摘Objective： Annual cancer incidence and mortality in 2008 were provided by National Central Cancer Registry in China, which data were collected from population‐based cancer registries in 2011. Methods： There were 56 registries submitted their data in 2008. After checking and evaluating the data quality, total 41 registries＇ data were accepted and pooled for analysis. Incidence and mortality rates by area （urban or rural areas） were assessed, as well as the age‐ and sex‐specific rates, age‐standardized rates, proportions and cumulative rate. Results： The coverage population of the 41 registries was 66,138,784 with 52,158,495 in urban areas and 13,980,289 in rural areas. There were 197,833 new cancer cases and 122,136 deaths in cancer with mortality to incidence ratio of 0.62. The morphological verified rate was 69.33%, and 2.23% of cases were identified by death certificate only. The crude cancer incidence rate in all areas was 299.12/100,000 （330.16/100,000 in male and 267.56/100,000 in female） and the age‐standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population （ASIRC） and world standard population （ASIRW） were 148.75/100,000 and 194.99/100,000, respectively. The cumulative incidence rate （0-74 years old） was of 22.27%. The crude incidence rate in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas. However, after adjusted by age, the incidence rate in urban was lower than that in rural. The crude cancer mortality was 184.67/100,000 （228.14/100,000 in male and 140.48/100,000 in female）, and the age‐standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population （ASMRC） and by world population were 84.36/100,000 and 114.32/100,000, respectively. The cumulative mortality rate （0-74 years old） was of 12.89%. Age‐adjusted mortality rates in urban areas were lower than that in rural areas. The most common cancer sites were lung, stomach, colon‐rectum, liver, esophagus, pancreas, brain, lymphoma, breast and cervix which accounted for 75% of all cancer incidence. Lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer death, followed by gastric cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer and pancreas cancer, which accounted for 80% of all cancer deaths. The cancer spectrum varied by areas and sex in rural areas, cancers from digestive system were more common, such as esophageal cancer, gastric cancer and liver cancer, while incidence rates of lung cancer and colorectal cancer were much higher in urban areas. In addition, breast cancer was the most common cancer in urban women followed by liver cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. Conclusion： Lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer and female breast cancer contributed to the increased incidence of cancer, which should be paid more attention to in further national cancer prevention and control program. Different cancer control strategies should be carried out due to the varied cancer spectrum in different groups.
基金supported by the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(No.2020-PT330-001)Beijing Nova Program(No.Z201100006820070)from Beijing Municipal Science/Technology Commission+1 种基金the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(No.2019PT320027)Cooperation Project in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei of China(No.J200017)。
文摘More than 600,000 people are diagnosed with esophageal cancer(EC)every year globally,and the five-year survival rate of EC is less than 20%.Two common histological subtypes of EC,esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)and esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC),have great geographical variations in incidence rates.About half of the world’s EC was diagnosed in China and a majority of which belong to ESCC.Globally,the overall incidence rate of EC is decreasing.In some high-risk Asian regions,such as China,the incidence rate of ESCC has generally declined,potentially due to economic growth and improvement of diet habits.In some European high-income countries and the United States,the decline is mainly attributed to the decrease in smoking and drinking.The risk factors of EC are not well understood,and the importance of environmental and genetic factors in the pathogenesis is also unclear.The incidence and mortality of advanced EC can be reduced through early diagnosis and screening.White light endoscopy is still the gold standard in the current screening technology.This article reviews the epidemiology,risk factors,and screening strategies of EC in recent years to help researchers determine the most effective management strategies to reduce the risk of EC.
基金This study was supported by the State Key Projects Specialized on Infectious Diseases(No.2O17ZX1O2O12O1-008-002,No.2O17ZX1O2O12O1-OO6-OO3)Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(No.SZSM201911015)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81974492,No.81773521)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2019-I2M-2-004)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2020A151501478).
文摘Objective:The number of liver cancer patients in China accounts for more than half of the world.However,China currently lacks national,multicenter economic burden data,and meanwhile,measuring the differences among different subgroups will be informative to formulate corresponding policies in liver cancer control.Thus,the aim of the study was to measure the economic burden of liver cancer by various subgroups.Methods:A hospital-based,multicenter and cross-sectional survey was conducted during 2012・2014,covering 39 hospitals and 21 project sites in 13 provinces across China.The questionnaire covers clinical information,sociology,expenditure,and related variables.All expenditure data were reported in Chinese Yuan(CNY)using 2014 values.Results:A total of 2,223 liver cancer patients were enrolled,of whom 59.61%were late-stage cases(III-IV),and 53.8%were hepatocellular carcinoma.The average total expenditure per liver cancer patient was estimated as 53,220 CNY,including 48,612 CNY of medical expenditures(91.3%)and 4,608 CNY of non-medical expenditures(8.7%).The average total expenditures in stage I,H,m and stage IV were 52,817 CNY,50,877 CNY,50,678 CNY and 54,089 CNY(P>0.05),respectively.Non-medical expenditures including additional meals,additional nutrition care,transportation,accommodation and hired informal nursing were 1,453 CNY,839 CNY,946 CNY,679 CNY and 200 CNY,respectively.The one-year out-of-pocket expenditure of a newly diagnosed patient was 24,953 CNY,and 77.2%of the patients suffered an unmanageable financial burden.Multivariate analysis showed that overall expenditure differed in almost all subgroups(P<0.05),except for sex,clinical stage,and pathologic type.Conclusions:There was no difference in treatment expenditure for liver cancer patients at different clinical stages,which suggests that maintaining efforts on treatment efficacy improvement is important but not enough.To fiirtherly reduce the overall economic burden from liver cancer,more effort should be given to primary and secondary prevention strategies.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81620108028)National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFE0102200)
文摘Thrombus formed in blood vessel is a progressive process, which would lead to lifethreatening thrombotic diseases such as ischemic stroke. Unlike other diseases, the recognition of thrombus is usually in the late stage where blood vessels are largely blocked. So acute thrombotic diseases have a narrow therapeutic window, and remain leading causes of morbidity and mortality, whereas current thrombolysis therapy has limited therapeutic effects and bleeding complications. Thrombolytic agents in unwanted sites would cause hemorrhage due to the activation of plasminogen. Moreover, untargeted thrombolysis therapy require large amounts of thrombolytic agents, which in return would enhance hemorrhage risk. To improve the efficiency while minimizing the adverse effects of traditional thrombolysis therapy, novel drug delivery systems have been investigated. Various targeting strategies including ultrasound and magnetic field directed targeting, and specific binding, have been designed to deliver thrombolytic drugs to the thrombotic sites. These strategies demonstrate promising results in reducing bleeding risk as well as allowing less dosage of thrombolytic drugs with lowered clot lysis time. In this review, we discuss recent progress on targeted delivery of thrombolytics, and summarize treatment advantages and shortcomings, potentially helping to further promote the development of targeted thrombolysis.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Major ProjectNo.2012ZX10002003
文摘AIM: To investigate whether long-term low-level hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA influences dynamic changes of the FIB-4 index in chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients receiving entecavir(ETV) therapy with partial virological responses.METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 231 nucleos-(t)ide(NA) na?ve CHB patients from our previous study(NCT01926288) who received continuous ETV or ETV maleate therapy for three years. The patients were divided into partial virological response(PVR) and complete virological response(CVR) groups according to serum HBV DNA levels at week 48. Seventy-six patients underwent biopsies at baseline and at 48 wk. The performance of the FIB-4 index and area under the receiver operating characteristic(AUROC) curve for predicting fibrosis were determined for the patients undergoing biopsy. The primary objective of the study was to compare the cumulative probabilities of virological responses between the two groups during the treatment period. The secondary outcome was to observe dynamic changes of the FIB-4 index between CVR patients and PVR patients.RESULTS: For hepatitis B e antigen(HBe Ag)-positive patients(n = 178),the cumulative probability of achieving undetectable levels at week 144 was 95%and 69% for CVR and PVR patients,respectively(P < 0.001). In the Cox proportional hazards model,a lower pretreatment serum HBV DNA level was an independent factor predicting maintained viral suppression. The cumulative probability of achieving undetectable levels of HBV DNA for HBe Ag-negative patients(n = 53) did not differ between the two groups. The FIB-4 index efficiently identified fibrosis,with an AUROC of 0.80(95%CI: 0.69-0.89). For HBe Ag-positive patients,the FIB-4 index was higher in CVR patients than in PVR patients at baseline(1.89 ± 1.43 vs 1.18 ± 0.69,P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the reduction of the FIB-4 index between the CVR and PVR groups from weeks 48 to 144(-0.11 ± 0.47 vs-0.13 ± 0.49,P = 0.71). At week 144,the FIB-4 index levels were similar between the two groups(1.24 ± 0.87 vs 1.02 ± 0.73,P = 0.06). After multivariate logistic regression analysis,a lower baseline serum HBV DNA level was associated with improvement of liver fibrosis. In HBe Ag-negative patients,the FIB-4 index did not differ between the two groups.CONCLUSION: The cumulative probabilities of HBV DNA responses showed significant differences between CVR and PVR HBe Ag-positive CHB patients undergoing entecavir treatment for 144 wk. However,long-term low-level HBV DNA did not deteriorate the FIB-4 index,which was used to evaluate liver fibrosis,at the end of three years.
基金Supported by National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Project of China (No.2012YQ12008005)
文摘Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy（AOSLO） has been a promising technique in funds imaging with growing popularity. This review firstly gives a brief history of adaptive optics（AO） and AO-SLO. Then it compares AO-SLO with conventional imaging methods（fundus fluorescein angiography, fundus autofluorescence, indocyanine green angiography and optical coherence tomography） and other AO techniques（adaptive optics flood-illumination ophthalmoscopy and adaptive optics optical coherence tomography）. Furthermore, an update of current research situation in AO-SLO is made based on different fundus structures as photoreceptors（cones and rods）, fundus vessels, retinal pigment epithelium layer, retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer and lamina cribrosa. Finally, this review indicates possible research directions of AO-SLO in future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11702202)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant No.JB210410)the the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51805401)。
文摘This paper presents a theoretical model for predicting and tuning magnetoelectric(ME)effect of ring-shaped composites,in which stress boundary conditions are empoyed and the multi-field coupling property of giant magnetostrictive materials are taken into account.A linear analytical solutions for the closed-and open-circuit ME voltages are derived simultaneously using mechanical differential equations,interface and boundary conditions,and electrical equations.For nonlinear ME coupling effect,the nonlinear multi-field coupling constitutive equation is reduced to an equivalent form by expanding the strains as a Taylor series in the vicinity of bias magnetic field.Sequentially,the linear model is generalized to a nonlinear one involving the field-dependent material parameters.The results show that setting a stress-free condition is beneficial for reducing resonance frequency while applying clamped conditions on the inner and outer boundaries may improve the maximum output power density.In addition,performing stress conditions on one of the boundaries may enhance ME coupling significantly,without changing the corresponding resonance frequency and optimal resistance.When external stimuli like bias magnetic field and pre-stress are applied to the ring-shaped composites,a novel dual peak phenomenon in the ME voltage curve around resonance frequencies is revealed theoretically,indicating that strong ME coupling may be achieved within a wider bias field region.Eventually,the mutual coordination of the bias field and pre-stress may enhance ME coupling as well as tuning the resonance frequency,and thus is pivotal for tunable control of ME energy harvesters.The proposed model can be applied to design high-performance energy harvesters by manipulating the mechanical conditions and external stimuli.
