为探究立式旋耕(30 cm±5 cm)下氮肥减施对小麦品质的影响,研究了2017—2018、2018—2019年两个小麦生长季立式旋耕下CK(300 kg N·hm^(-2))与减氮10%(RF10)、20%(RF20)、30%(RF30)处理小麦品质变化,测定项目包括籽粒品质和面...为探究立式旋耕(30 cm±5 cm)下氮肥减施对小麦品质的影响,研究了2017—2018、2018—2019年两个小麦生长季立式旋耕下CK(300 kg N·hm^(-2))与减氮10%(RF10)、20%(RF20)、30%(RF30)处理小麦品质变化,测定项目包括籽粒品质和面粉流变特性、拉伸性能等。结果表明:与CK相比,RF10处理小麦籽粒蛋白质含量当季略增,连续减施第二季则显著下降12.2%;RF20、RF30两季均下降,且RF30当季显著下降11.6%,RF20第二季显著下降11.1%。RF10、RF20湿面筋含量与CK比,当季略升,第二季下降;RF30两季均下降,且当季与CK差异显著,降幅为10.8%。氮肥减施后面粉吸水量呈增加趋势,面团形成时间呈缩短趋势;面团稳定时间与CK比均缩短,RF20、RF30与CK差异显著。RF10、RF20面团弱化度较CK均升高,RF30当季显著升高,第二季下降。RF10、RF20面粉能量值当季升高,第二季下降;RF30两季均下降。氮肥减施对籽粒容重、出粉率、拉伸阻力及延伸性等影响规律性不明显。研究表明,减施10%、20%氮肥能实现减肥不降产,对当季小麦品质影响不大,连续减施则影响小麦品质;减施30%氮肥时小麦产量有降低趋势,且品质有所下降。展开更多
In this paper, the history, current status, and research approaches to nitrogen pollution were reviewed using systems analysis and deductions. The seriousness of N pollution world-wide was highlighted and recommendati...In this paper, the history, current status, and research approaches to nitrogen pollution were reviewed using systems analysis and deductions. The seriousness of N pollution world-wide was highlighted and recommendations were made to address the situation. A new hypothesis based on phytoremediation, which means the use of plants to directly or indirectly degrade or remove contaminats from soil and water, was proposed.展开更多
A 2-yr field experiment was conducted on a calcareous alluvial soil with four summer maize intercropping systems at Shangzhuang Experiment Station （116.3°E, 39.9°N） in the North China Plain. The objective ...A 2-yr field experiment was conducted on a calcareous alluvial soil with four summer maize intercropping systems at Shangzhuang Experiment Station （116.3°E, 39.9°N） in the North China Plain. The objective was to determine nitrate leaching from intercropping systems involving maize （Zea mays L.）： sole maize （CK）, maize ＋ soybean （CST）, maize ＋ groundnut （CGT）, maize ＋ ryegrass （CHM）, and maize ＋ alfalfa （CMX）. Intercropping greatly reduced nitrate accumulation in the 100-200 cm soil layers compared with maize monoculture. Nitrate accumulation under intercropping systems decreased significantly at the 140-200 cm soil depth; the accumulation varied in the order CK〉CST〉CMX〉CHM〉CGT. However, compared to the CK treatment, nitrate leaching losses during the maize growing period were reduced by 20.9- 174.8 （CGT）, 35.2-130.8 （CHM）, 60.4-122.0 （CMX）, and 30.6-82.4 kg ha-1 （CST）. The results also suggested that intereropping is an effective way to reduce nitrogen leaching in fields with N fertilizer over-dose.展开更多
Many studies have focused on various agricultural management measures to reduce agricultural nitrous oxide （N2O） emission. However, few studies have investigated soil N2O emissions in intercropping systems in the No...Many studies have focused on various agricultural management measures to reduce agricultural nitrous oxide （N2O） emission. However, few studies have investigated soil N2O emissions in intercropping systems in the North China Plain. Thus, we conducted a ifeld experiment to compare N2O emissions under monoculture and maize-legume intercropping systems. In 2010, ifve treatments, including monocultured maize （M）, maize-peanut （MP）, maize-alfalfa （MA）, maize-soybean （MS）, and maize-sweet clover （MSC） intercropping were designed to investigate this issue using the static chamber technique. In 2011, M, MP, and MS remained, and monocultured peanuts （P） and soybean （S） were added to the trial. The results showed that total production of N2O from different treatments ranged from （0.87＆#177;0.12） to （1.17＆#177;0.11） kg ha-1 in 2010, while those ranged from （3.35＆#177;0.30） to （9.10＆#177;2.09） kg ha-1 in 2011. MA and MSC had no signiifcant effect on soil N2O production compared to that of M （P＆lt;0.05）. Cumulative N2O emissions from MP in 2010 were signiifcantly lower than those from M, but the result was the opposite in 2011 （P＆lt;0.05）. MS signiifcantly reduced soil N2O emissions by 25.55 and 48.84%in 2010 and 2011, respectively （P＆lt;0.05）. Soil N2O emissions were signiifcantly correlated with soil water content, soil temperature, nitriifcation potential, soil NH4＋, and soil NO3-content （R2=0.160-0.764, P＆lt;0.01）. A stepwise linear regression analysis indicated that soil N2O release was mainly controlled by the interaction between soil moisture and soil NO3-content （R2=0.828, P＆lt;0.001）. These results indicate that MS had a coincident effect on soil N2O lfux and signiifcantly reduced soil N2O production compared to that of M over two growing seasons.展开更多
文摘为探究立式旋耕(30 cm±5 cm)下氮肥减施对小麦品质的影响,研究了2017—2018、2018—2019年两个小麦生长季立式旋耕下CK(300 kg N·hm^(-2))与减氮10%(RF10)、20%(RF20)、30%(RF30)处理小麦品质变化,测定项目包括籽粒品质和面粉流变特性、拉伸性能等。结果表明:与CK相比,RF10处理小麦籽粒蛋白质含量当季略增,连续减施第二季则显著下降12.2%;RF20、RF30两季均下降,且RF30当季显著下降11.6%,RF20第二季显著下降11.1%。RF10、RF20湿面筋含量与CK比,当季略升,第二季下降;RF30两季均下降,且当季与CK差异显著,降幅为10.8%。氮肥减施后面粉吸水量呈增加趋势,面团形成时间呈缩短趋势;面团稳定时间与CK比均缩短,RF20、RF30与CK差异显著。RF10、RF20面团弱化度较CK均升高,RF30当季显著升高,第二季下降。RF10、RF20面粉能量值当季升高,第二季下降;RF30两季均下降。氮肥减施对籽粒容重、出粉率、拉伸阻力及延伸性等影响规律性不明显。研究表明,减施10%、20%氮肥能实现减肥不降产,对当季小麦品质影响不大,连续减施则影响小麦品质;减施30%氮肥时小麦产量有降低趋势,且品质有所下降。
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2006BAD02A15&2007BAD89B01)
文摘In this paper, the history, current status, and research approaches to nitrogen pollution were reviewed using systems analysis and deductions. The seriousness of N pollution world-wide was highlighted and recommendations were made to address the situation. A new hypothesis based on phytoremediation, which means the use of plants to directly or indirectly degrade or remove contaminats from soil and water, was proposed.
基金the Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 11th Five-Year Plan period (2007BAD89B01)the Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period(2011BAD16B15)the Project of Collaboration between Henan Province and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Program (102106000034)
文摘A 2-yr field experiment was conducted on a calcareous alluvial soil with four summer maize intercropping systems at Shangzhuang Experiment Station （116.3°E, 39.9°N） in the North China Plain. The objective was to determine nitrate leaching from intercropping systems involving maize （Zea mays L.）： sole maize （CK）, maize ＋ soybean （CST）, maize ＋ groundnut （CGT）, maize ＋ ryegrass （CHM）, and maize ＋ alfalfa （CMX）. Intercropping greatly reduced nitrate accumulation in the 100-200 cm soil layers compared with maize monoculture. Nitrate accumulation under intercropping systems decreased significantly at the 140-200 cm soil depth; the accumulation varied in the order CK〉CST〉CMX〉CHM〉CGT. However, compared to the CK treatment, nitrate leaching losses during the maize growing period were reduced by 20.9- 174.8 （CGT）, 35.2-130.8 （CHM）, 60.4-122.0 （CMX）, and 30.6-82.4 kg ha-1 （CST）. The results also suggested that intereropping is an effective way to reduce nitrogen leaching in fields with N fertilizer over-dose.
基金supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China (2011BAD16B15 and 2012BAD14B03)
文摘Many studies have focused on various agricultural management measures to reduce agricultural nitrous oxide （N2O） emission. However, few studies have investigated soil N2O emissions in intercropping systems in the North China Plain. Thus, we conducted a ifeld experiment to compare N2O emissions under monoculture and maize-legume intercropping systems. In 2010, ifve treatments, including monocultured maize （M）, maize-peanut （MP）, maize-alfalfa （MA）, maize-soybean （MS）, and maize-sweet clover （MSC） intercropping were designed to investigate this issue using the static chamber technique. In 2011, M, MP, and MS remained, and monocultured peanuts （P） and soybean （S） were added to the trial. The results showed that total production of N2O from different treatments ranged from （0.87＆#177;0.12） to （1.17＆#177;0.11） kg ha-1 in 2010, while those ranged from （3.35＆#177;0.30） to （9.10＆#177;2.09） kg ha-1 in 2011. MA and MSC had no signiifcant effect on soil N2O production compared to that of M （P＆lt;0.05）. Cumulative N2O emissions from MP in 2010 were signiifcantly lower than those from M, but the result was the opposite in 2011 （P＆lt;0.05）. MS signiifcantly reduced soil N2O emissions by 25.55 and 48.84%in 2010 and 2011, respectively （P＆lt;0.05）. Soil N2O emissions were signiifcantly correlated with soil water content, soil temperature, nitriifcation potential, soil NH4＋, and soil NO3-content （R2=0.160-0.764, P＆lt;0.01）. A stepwise linear regression analysis indicated that soil N2O release was mainly controlled by the interaction between soil moisture and soil NO3-content （R2=0.828, P＆lt;0.001）. These results indicate that MS had a coincident effect on soil N2O lfux and signiifcantly reduced soil N2O production compared to that of M over two growing seasons.
