Palm oil industry is the most important agro-industry in Malaysia, but its by-product-palm oil mill effluent （POME）, posed a great threat to water environment. In the past decades, several treatment and disposal met...Palm oil industry is the most important agro-industry in Malaysia, but its by-product-palm oil mill effluent （POME）, posed a great threat to water environment. In the past decades, several treatment and disposal methods have been proposed and investigated to solve this problem. A two-stage pilot-scale plant was designed and constructed for POME treatment. Anaerobic digestion and aerobic biodegradation constituted the first biological stage, while ultrafiltration （UF） and reverse osmosis （RO） membrane units were combined as the second membrane separation stage. In the anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed （EGSB） reactor, about 43% organic matter in POME was converted into biogas, and COD reduction efficiency reached 93% and 22% in EGSB and the following aerobic reactor, respectively. With the treatment in the first biological stage, suspended solids and oil also decreased to a low degree. All these alleviated the membrane fouling and prolonged the membrane life. In the membrane process unit, almost all the suspended solids were captured by UF membranes, while RO membrane excluded most of the dissolved solids or inorganic salts from RO permeate. After the whole treatment processes, organic matter in POME expressed by BOD and COD was removed almost thoroughly. Suspended solids and color were not detectable in RO permeate any more, and mineral elements only existed in trace amount （except for K and Na）. The high-quality effluent was crystal clear and could be used as the boiler feed water.展开更多
目的探讨健康体检数据的应用现状和趋势。方法检索Web of Science 2007年1月1日至2022年6月30日、中国知网1992年1月1日至2022年6月30日数据库中使用健康体检数据的相关文献,运用文献计量学软件Citespace 6.1对文献和研究内容进行可视...目的探讨健康体检数据的应用现状和趋势。方法检索Web of Science 2007年1月1日至2022年6月30日、中国知网1992年1月1日至2022年6月30日数据库中使用健康体检数据的相关文献,运用文献计量学软件Citespace 6.1对文献和研究内容进行可视化分析。结果选取中文文献5517篇,英文文献18563篇。中国健康体检数据的发文量自1992年起逐年增加,国际上的发文量也呈现增长趋势。中文文献侧重于对健康管理、骨质疏松、超重以及体检者如飞行员等的研究,英文文献则倾向于探讨体检数据形成队列后针对肥胖、照护和功能认知的研究。与健康体检数据相关的共被引文献更多发表在以美国、英国为主的发达国家的期刊上,共引期刊的内容高度涵盖了关于慢性病主题的疾病研究如心血管疾病、功能认知以及康复。结论健康体检数据的发文量在逐年增加,未来更多研究会倾向于使用机器学习等大数据算法来衡量人群慢性疾病的发病风险和相关影响因素之间的关联。展开更多
文摘Palm oil industry is the most important agro-industry in Malaysia, but its by-product-palm oil mill effluent （POME）, posed a great threat to water environment. In the past decades, several treatment and disposal methods have been proposed and investigated to solve this problem. A two-stage pilot-scale plant was designed and constructed for POME treatment. Anaerobic digestion and aerobic biodegradation constituted the first biological stage, while ultrafiltration （UF） and reverse osmosis （RO） membrane units were combined as the second membrane separation stage. In the anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed （EGSB） reactor, about 43% organic matter in POME was converted into biogas, and COD reduction efficiency reached 93% and 22% in EGSB and the following aerobic reactor, respectively. With the treatment in the first biological stage, suspended solids and oil also decreased to a low degree. All these alleviated the membrane fouling and prolonged the membrane life. In the membrane process unit, almost all the suspended solids were captured by UF membranes, while RO membrane excluded most of the dissolved solids or inorganic salts from RO permeate. After the whole treatment processes, organic matter in POME expressed by BOD and COD was removed almost thoroughly. Suspended solids and color were not detectable in RO permeate any more, and mineral elements only existed in trace amount （except for K and Na）. The high-quality effluent was crystal clear and could be used as the boiler feed water.
文摘目的探讨健康体检数据的应用现状和趋势。方法检索Web of Science 2007年1月1日至2022年6月30日、中国知网1992年1月1日至2022年6月30日数据库中使用健康体检数据的相关文献,运用文献计量学软件Citespace 6.1对文献和研究内容进行可视化分析。结果选取中文文献5517篇,英文文献18563篇。中国健康体检数据的发文量自1992年起逐年增加,国际上的发文量也呈现增长趋势。中文文献侧重于对健康管理、骨质疏松、超重以及体检者如飞行员等的研究,英文文献则倾向于探讨体检数据形成队列后针对肥胖、照护和功能认知的研究。与健康体检数据相关的共被引文献更多发表在以美国、英国为主的发达国家的期刊上,共引期刊的内容高度涵盖了关于慢性病主题的疾病研究如心血管疾病、功能认知以及康复。结论健康体检数据的发文量在逐年增加,未来更多研究会倾向于使用机器学习等大数据算法来衡量人群慢性疾病的发病风险和相关影响因素之间的关联。
