Peptide-assembled siRNA nanomicelles confine MnOx-loaded silicages for synergistic chemical and gene-regulated cancer therapy

Chemodynamic therapy(CDT) is a promising therapeutic approach for in situ cancer treatment, but it is still hindered by inefficient single-modality treatment and the weak targeted delivery of reagents into mitochondria(the main site of intracellular ROS production). Herein, to obtain a multimodal strategy,peptide-assembled si RNA nanomicelles were prepared to confine ultrasmall MnOxin small silica cages(silicages), which is convenient for synergistic chemical and gene-regulated cancer therapy. Given the free energy and versatility of small silicages, as well as the excellent Fenton-like activity of ultrasmall MnOx,MnOx-inside-loaded silicages(10 nm) were prepared for CDT delivery to mitochondria. Subsequently, to obtain a synergistic CDT and gene silencing treatment, the peptide-mediated assembly of si RNA and MnOx-loaded silicages were employed to obtain silicage@MnOx-si RNA nanomicelles(SMS NMs). After multiple modifications, sequential cancer cell-targeted delivery, GSH-controlled reagent release of si RNA and mitochondria-targeted delivery of MnOx-loaded silicages were successfully achieved. Finally, by both in vitro and in vivo experiments, SMS NMs were confirmed to be effective for synergistic chemical and gene-regulated cancer therapy. Our findings expand the applications of silicages and initiate the development of multimodal CDT.

Value of refined care in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

BACKGROUND Under physiological conditions,sputum produced during acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD)can move passively with the cilia in the airway;the sputum is gradually excreted from the depth of the airways through the stimulation of the coughing reflex on the sensory nerve on the surface of the airway.However,when the sputum is thick,the cough is weak,or the tracheal cilia are abnormal,sputum accumulation may occur and affect the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lung.Furthermore,the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in sputum may cause or aggravate the symptoms of pulmonary infection in patients,which is the main factor leading to AECOPD.Therefore,promoting effective drainage of sputum and maintaining airway opening are key points requiring clinical attention.AIM To explore the effect of refined nursing strategies in patients with AECOPD and dysphagia.METHODS We selected 126 patients with AECOPD and difficulty of expectoration at our hospital,and divided them into a refined care group and a routine care group,with 63 cases each,using a random number table.The two groups of patients were treated with expectorant,anti-infection,oxygen inhalation,and other basic treatment measures;patients in the refined care group were given refined nursing intervention during hospitalization,and the routine care group received conventional nursing intervention.The differences in sputum expectoration,negative pressure suction rate,blood gas parameters,dyspnea score measured through the tool developed by the Medical Research Council(MRC),and quality of life were compared between the two groups.RESULTS After 7 d of intervention,the sputum expectoration effect of the refined care group was 62.30%,the effective rate was 31.15%,and the inefficiency rate was 6.56%.The sputum expectoration effect of the routine care group was 44.07%,the effective rate was 42.37%,and the inefficiency rate was 13.56%.The refined care group had better sputum expectoration than the routine care group(P<0.05).The negative pressure suction rate in the refined care group was significantly lower than that of the routine care group during the treatment(22.95%vs 44.07%,P<0.05).Before the intervention,the arterial oxygen saturation(PaO2)and arterial carbon dioxide saturation(PaCO2)values were not significantly different between the two groups(P>0.05);the PaO2 and PaCO2 values in the refined care group were comparable to those in the routine care group after 7 d of intervention(P>0.05).Before the intervention,there was no significant difference in the MRC score between the two groups(P>0.05);the MRC score of the refined care group was lower than that of the routine care group after 7 d of intervention,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Before intervention,there was no significant difference in the symptoms,activities,disease impact,or St.George’s Respiratory questionnaire(SGRQ)total scores between the two groups(P>0.05).After 7 days of intervention,the symptoms,activities,and total score of SGRQ of the refined care group were higher than those of the routine care group,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).CONCLUSION AECOPD with thick sputum,weak coughing reflex,and abnormal tracheal cilia function will lead to sputum accumulation and affect the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lung.Patients with AECOPD who have difficulty expectorating sputum may undergo refined nursing strategies that will promote expectoration,alleviate clinical symptoms,and improve the quality of life.

A Review on Nanomaterial-based Strategies for Manipulating Tumor Microenvironment to Enhance Chemodynamic Therapy

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide,and a series of strategies has been reported for tumor-specific therapy.Currently,chemodynamic therapy(CDT)has become a research hotspot for antitumor treatment due to its advantages of high specificity,endogenous stimulation,and high biosafety.However,the therapeutic effects of CDT are normally limited in the complex tumor microenvironment(TME),such as insufficient acidity,tumor hypoxia,low hydrogen peroxide(H2O2),and high glutathione(GSH).Consequently,different kinds of multifunctional nanomaterials have been designed to manipulate TME conditions,which provided more opportunities to improve the efficiency of CDT.This review focuses on nanomaterial-based strategies for enhancing CDT through manipulating TME.Upon CDT enhancements,this review would provide a reference for the future development of efficient CDT nanomaterials.

柴胡皂苷D对2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗及FoxO1/PGC-1α通路的影响

目的:探讨柴胡皂苷D对2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗及叉头框蛋白O1(FoxO1)/过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ辅激活因子1α(PGC-1α)通路的影响。方法:以高脂饮食联合小剂量链脲佐霉素腹腔注射诱导建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,随机分为模型组、柴胡皂苷D低剂量、中剂量、高剂量(50、100、150 mg/kg)组、二甲双胍(24.2 mg/kg)组,每组12只,另取12只SD大鼠以基础饲料喂养,并腹腔注射等剂量生理盐水,设为对照组。大鼠经药物分组处理后,测定大鼠空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平、空腹血糖(FBG)水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(IRI)、胰岛素敏感指数(ISI);行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT),计算血糖曲线下面积(AUC);检测大鼠肝糖原及肝脏脂肪合成情况;ELISA检测大鼠血清致炎因子水平;Western blot检测大鼠肝组织FoxO1/PGC-1α通路蛋白表达。结果:与对照组比较,模型组大鼠肝糖原显著减少,脂肪合成显著增多,FINS、FBG、IRI、AUC、血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-18水平、肝组织FoxO1/PGC-1α通路p-FoxO1/FoxO1、PGC-1α蛋白表达水平显著升高,ISI水平显著降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,柴胡皂苷D各剂量组与二甲双胍组大鼠肝糖原增多,脂肪合成减少,FINS、FBG、IRI、AUC、血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-18水平、肝组织FoxO1/PGC-1α通路p-FoxO1/FoxO1、PGC-1α蛋白表达水平降低,ISI升高,且柴胡皂苷D各剂量组间呈剂量依赖性(P<0.05);柴胡皂苷D高剂量组与二甲双胍组比较,大鼠各指标无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:柴胡皂苷D可能通过抑制FoxO1/PGC-1α信号通路激活从而降低血糖,抑制炎症,降低2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗。

422例前置胎盘剖宫产产后出血危险因素的Logistic回归分析

目的探讨前置胎盘剖宫产产后出血的危险因素。方法收集2016年1月至2022年9月桂林医学院第二附属医院和桂林市妇幼保健院两家产科中心收治的422例前置胎盘行剖宫产终止妊娠患者的临床资料,根据产后出血量不同将其分为研究组(68例,产后出血量≥1000 mL)和对照组(354例,产后出血量<1000 mL)。利用多因素Logistic回归分析筛选出独立危险因素,绘制受试者工作特性(ROC)曲线评估其预测效能。结果单因素分析结果显示,两组的年龄、孕次、产次、剖宫产史、前置胎盘类型、胎盘后低回声和胎盘腔隙比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,剖宫产史≥1次和胎盘后低回声消失是前置胎盘剖宫产患者产后出血的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。胎盘后低回声、剖宫产史预测前置胎盘剖宫产患者产后出血的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.577、0.640,两者联合的AUC为0.719。结论剖宫产史≥1次及胎盘后低回声消失是前置胎盘剖宫产产后出血的独立危险因素,两者联合具有较好的预测价值。

基于时机理论的延续护理对肠造口患者照顾者的影响研究

目的探讨基于时机理论的延续护理对肠造口患者照顾者照顾能力及照料负担的影响。方法将105例肠造口患者主要照顾者随机分为对照组52例和干预组53例,对照组给予肠造口常规护理与随访,干预组在此基础上实施以时机理论为框架的延续护理,分别于患者入院时、出院时、出院后3个月、出院后6个月评价两组照顾者的照顾能力及照料负担。结果干预后两组照顾者照顾能力总分及各维度得分在时间、组间、交互作用方面,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01),干预组照顾者照料负担水平在干预后各时间点均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论基于时机理论的延续护理有利于提高肠造口患者照顾者照顾能力,降低其照料负担。

SPOC教学法在护理学基础教学中的应用与反思

目的探讨分析在护理学基础教学中采用SPOC教学法的作用与效果。方法选取辽宁何氏医学院2017级与2018级学员520例作为本次研究的对象,按照入学时间的差别分为传统教学组与SPOC教学组,其中传统教学组中学员278人,均为2017级应届生,SPOC教学组中学员242人,均为2018级应届生。教学完成后,对比两组学生护理学基础课程理论考核成绩与实操考核成绩情况。结果教学完成后,SPOC教学组的理论考核成绩明显优于传统教学组,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),在实操考核成绩方面,SPOC教学组与传统教学组组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在护理学基础教学中,采用SPOC教学法相对于常规教学方法而言,能够有效的深化学生的理论知识学习,提升其对于专业理论知识的掌握水平,提升教学质量,效果确切。

均值-CVaR零售商的供应链服务决策及协调契约

研究零售商具有风险偏好行为下,同时考虑价格、质量和服务水平的供应链联合决策问题。运用均值-CVaR准则来刻画零售商风险偏好行为,它包括风险厌恶、风险中性和风险追求,同时具有损失规避的特性。首先得到供应链集中系统、制造商提供服务(模型Ⅰ)和零售商提供服务(模型Ⅱ)下的最优决策和最优利润(期望效用)。其次,证明了成本共担契约在零售商风险厌恶时可以实现供应链协调。第三,对模型Ⅰ和模型Ⅱ协调后的最优利润(期望效用)进行比较,证明两种模型下制造商利润相同,而与模型Ⅰ相比,模型Ⅱ下零售商获得更多的期望效用。最后,数值例子证明了得到的研究结果。

基于HEALS助手的医护联动模式在诊断性支气管镜检查中的应用效果

目的探讨基于健康教育精准连接系统(HEALS)助手的医护联动模式在诊断性支气管镜中的应用效果。方法选取我院呼吸科2020年1月至6月首次行诊断性支气管镜检查的110例住院患者作为研究对象,采用便利抽样法随机将其分为对照组(常规护理模式)和试验组(基于HEALS助手的医护联动模式),各55例。比较两组的干预效果。结果干预后,试验组围术期相关知识掌握程度评分及掌握程度分级均优于对照组(P<0.05)。与进镜前静息状态下比较,两组诊断性支气管镜检查过程中均有心率增快、血压升高、血氧饱和度下降,但试验组变化幅度小于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组支气管镜检查依从率、护理满意度高于对照组,并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论基于HEALS助手的医护联动模式有利于提高患者围术期相关知识掌握程度、支气管镜检查依从性、护理满意度,降低心率、血压、血氧饱和度的变化幅度,减少术后并发症的发生,值得临床推广应用。

需求可变性降低对均值CVaR约束销售努力决策库存系统的影响

本文运用Levy提出的变换研究需求可变性降低对风险偏好零售商的库存决策、销售努力决策和期望效用的影响,用均值CVaR刻画零售商的风险偏好特性,它包括风险厌恶、风险追求,也具有损失规避的特性。首先,运用该变换定量刻画需求可变性的降低,证明该变换蕴含经典随机占优中的割准则序和二阶随机占优等。其次,给出系统的最优订货量、最优期望效用和最优销售努力水平,得到它们关于风险偏好系数的单调性,并给出降低需求可变性对期望效用的影响。第三,针对风险中性、风险厌恶(最大化CVaR)和风险追求(最小化CVaR)这三种特殊情况得到相应的结果,并给出企业在库存决策和促销决策的管理启示。最后,通过数值例子验证了得到的研究结果并给出相应的管理启示。

光照条件对菌藻共生系统单级脱氮的影响研究

为了使菌藻共生系统达到稳定的短程硝化反应,采用单因素试验方法探究光照对氨氧化细菌AOB与固定化小球藻共生系统去除氮的影响。氧在光周期通过微藻光合作用产生,交替亮暗期被施加来实现产氧,从而使生物脱氮不需要机械曝气或添加外部电子供体。通过实验说明菌藻共生系统的脱氮效果很明显优于单独的菌或单独的藻,通过不同程度光照强度、不同光照时间下测量的氨氮和亚硝态氮的数据来反映脱氮的效果。此次实验数据表明在藻、菌比为1∶1,光照光暗时间比为12 h∶12 h,光照强度为4000 lux的条件下氨氧化细菌AOB与固定化小球藻共生系统脱氮效果最好,高达95.4%;亚硝态氮积累率此时高达85%,此条件在一定范围内最适宜短程硝化的实现。

基于电喷雾质谱的反应监测研究进展

电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)因具有灵敏度高、响应速度快、分辨率高、原位在线监测等特点,广泛应用于反应监测领域。本文主要从不同离子化技术角度,综述了电喷雾质谱在反应监测和机理研究方面的进展。重点介绍了在线电喷雾质谱技术,其中包括解吸附电喷雾离子化质谱(DESI-MS)、萃取电喷雾离子化质谱(EESI-MS)、纳升电喷雾离子化质谱(nESI-MS)、超声喷雾离子化质谱(SSI-MS)以及其他在线电喷雾离子化质谱在反应监测中的应用。最后,对电喷雾质谱在反应监测的发展趋势进行总结和展望。

山杏内种皮磷脂类化合物提取工艺研究

研究利用微波法辅助提取山杏内种皮磷脂类化合物的最佳工艺。以总磷脂得率为评价指标,单因素实验考察萃取温度、萃取时间、微波功率、料液比对磷脂得率的影响,正交实验优化提取条件。山杏内种皮磷脂类化合物最佳提取工艺为:萃取时间15 min,微波功率400 W,料液比1∶25(g/m L),萃取温度45℃。在此条件下总磷脂得率为0.0977%±0.0015%。高效液相色谱法分离测定磷脂类化合物,测得磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)含量为(0.3936±0.0082)mg/g。该法为山杏资源的充分利用提供了一定的数据支撑。

Accelerated plasma degradation of organic pollutants in milliseconds and examinations by mass spectrometry

The rapid degradation of organic pollutants,process monitoring and online controlling to obtain advanced products and decreased by-products are great and challenging tasks in environmental treatments.Herein,an accelerated plasma degradation in milliseconds was achieved by combining electrospray-based acceleration and plasma-based degradation.Taking the degradation of chloroaniline as an example,97%of the degradation can be achieved in milliseconds.The velocity distribution of droplets was determined to be 40-50 m/s after being degraded for 0.30 ms,which exhibited different degradation behaviors in different milliseconds.Simultaneously,by virtue of the real-time and on-line detection ability of ambient mass spectrometry,intermediates,by-products and advanced products were monitored.Therefore,degradation mechanisms for different degradation times were proposed,which would provide theoretical guidance on obtaining efficient and green degradation.The fabrication,examining and understanding of accelerated plasma degradation not only enlarged application of accelerated reactions,but also promoted green and efficient degradation for environmental treatments.

添加剂与贮藏时间对天然牧草颗粒化学成分及其颗粒表面微生物数量的影响

为探究添加剂和贮藏时间对天然牧草颗粒的化学成分和微生物数量的影响,本研究以内蒙古自治区典型草原天然牧草为研究材料,设置添加质量分数为1%的黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis)或丙酸添加剂,然后制作草颗粒,于贮藏0、30、60、90、120、150 d取样测定其化学成分和微生物数量。结果表明:贮藏时间对天然牧草颗粒的干物质(DM)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量影响显著(P<0.05),贮藏后期,天然牧草颗粒的NDF和ADF含量显著降低(P<0.05);贮藏时间对天然牧草颗粒的粗蛋白(CP)和有机质(OM)含量无显著影响,其中,贮藏期间天然牧草颗粒的DM含量总体呈上升趋势,贮藏120 d时DM含量趋于稳定。丙酸添加剂显著提高了贮藏期天然牧草颗粒的DM、NDF和ADF含量(P<0.05),降低了其表面附着大肠杆菌和好氧细菌的数量。黄芩添加剂显著提高了贮藏期天然牧草颗粒的OM含量(P<0.05),降低了CP含量,显著抑制了其表面附着酵母菌和好氧细菌的活性(P<0.05)。

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based nanomaterials for the sensing in biological systems

The applications of fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)are coming to be one of the simplest and most accessible strategy with super-resolved optical measurements.Meanwhile,nanomaterials have become ideal for constructing FRET-based system,due to their unique advantages of tunable emission,broad absorption,and long fluorescence(FL)lifetime.The limitations of traditional FRET-based detections,such as the intrinsic FL,auto-FL,as well as the short FL lifetime,could be overcome with nanomaterials.Consequently,numbers of FRET-based nanomaterials have been constructed for precise,sensitive and selective detections in biological systems.They could act as both energy donors and/or acceptors in the optical energy transfer process for biological detections.Some other nanomaterials would not participate in the energy transfer process,but act as the excellent matrix for modifications.The review will be roughly classified into nanomaterial-involved and uninvolved ones.Different detection targets,such as nucleic acids,pathogenic microorganisms,proteins,heavy metal ions,and other applications will be reviewed.Finally,the other biological applications,including environmental evaluation and mechanism studies would also be summarized.

辽河流域平原区河网水系连通性评价

对河网水系利用改进的图论法概化图模型,在考虑河网水系连通性与水量之间作用关系的基础上,建立水系连通度评价模型,对河网加权连通度应用MATLAB软件进行定量的评价分析。以辽河流域平原为例,对流域内短期和长期洪水过程利用HEC-HMS模型进行了模拟,分析了河网水系在不同规模洪水下的连通度和等级。研究表明:平原区河网水系连通度与洪量之间基本满足线性关系;相对于长期洪水过程,短期的连通等级相对较差,所构建的模型表现出较强的可靠性与准确性。

基于PSR模型的辽宁省水资源承载能力分析

区域经济、人口及生态环境之间协调可持续发展的重要基础是实现科学、准确的水资源承载力的分析,文章以辽宁省为例建立了PSR模型和指标体系,客观、科学地评价了该区域的承载力水平。研究表明:辽宁省现状供水模式即使达到较高的节水水平仍难以满足未来发展对水资源的需求,外调水措施已成为促进辽宁省水资源可持续利用的重要途径。

大跨径悬索管道桥三跨连续式猫道设计与分析

猫道作为悬索管道桥上部结构的空中作业通道,是全部安装工程最重要的临时设施,架设周期和使用时间比较长,其架设前的设计与分析工作对结构安全尤为重要。介绍了猫道结构设计原则和设计方案。以某悬索管道桥的猫道设计为例进行相关受力验算与分析,结果表明:该桥承重索在不同使用阶段的安全系数均大于3,在强度上是安全的;由于悬索管道桥所处的特殊地形,设置抗风索是十分必要的;风速在4级以上时,出于安全考虑,应停止施工索的吊装作业;猫道承重索两端应留有一定的调节余量以满足主缆在不同状态下的线形要求;在该承重索设计方案下,桁架宜采用兜吊方式进行发送与安装。

辽河流域平原区地下水质量与分布特征分析

以辽河流域平原区2015年地下水水样全分析测试结果为依据,采用加权平均法进行综合分析,对该区域地下水质量分别利用不同的方法进行评价。结果表明:研究区域地下水质量较差,约72%的地下水不宜直接用于生活用水来源;水质分布特征表现为东北部区域较好,而西南部较差的规律现象,引起该区域水质量较差的因素主要有人类活动与原生态环境等因素。研究成果可为该区域地下水资源保护与科学开发提供参考。