Developing laminar composite solid electrolyte with ultrathin thickness and continuous conduction channels in vertical direction holds great promise for all-solid-state lithium batteries.Herein,a thin,laminar solid el...Developing laminar composite solid electrolyte with ultrathin thickness and continuous conduction channels in vertical direction holds great promise for all-solid-state lithium batteries.Herein,a thin,laminar solid electrolyte is synthesized by filtrating–NH 2 functionalized metal-organic framework nanosheets and then being threaded with poly(ethylene oxide)chains induced by the hydrogen-bonding interaction from–NH_(2) groups.It is demonstrated that the threaded poly(ethylene oxide)chains lock the adjacent metal-organic framework nanosheets,giving highly enhanced structural stability(Young’s modulus,1.3 GPa)to 7.5-μm-thick laminar composite solid electrolyte.Importantly,these poly(ethylene oxide)chains with stretching structure serve as continuous conduction pathways along the chains in pores.It makes the non-conduction laminar metal-organic framework electrolyte highly conductive:3.97×10^(−5) S cm^(−1) at 25℃,which is even over 25 times higher than that of pure poly(ethylene oxide)electrolyte.The assembled lithium cell,thus,acquires superior cycling stability,initial discharge capacity(148 mAh g^(−1) at 0.5 C and 60℃),and retention(94% after 150 cycles).Besides,the pore size of nanosheet is tailored(24.5–40.9˚A)to evaluate the mechanisms of chain conformation and ion transport in confined space.It shows that the confined pore only with proper size could facilitate the stretching of poly(ethylene oxide)chains,and meanwhile inhibit their disorder degree.Specifically,the pore size of 33.8˚A shows optimized confinement effect with trans-poly(ethylene oxide)and cis-poly(ethylene oxide)conformation,which offers great significance in ion conduction.Our design of poly(ethylene oxide)-threaded architecture provides a platform and paves a way to the rational design of next-generation high-performance porous electrolytes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Peripherally inserted central catheters(PICCs)are an essential infusion route for oncology patients receiving intravenous treatments,but lower extremity veni-puncture is the preferred technique for patients...BACKGROUND Peripherally inserted central catheters(PICCs)are an essential infusion route for oncology patients receiving intravenous treatments,but lower extremity veni-puncture is the preferred technique for patients with superior vena cava syndrome(SVCS).We report the case of a patient with a lower extremity PICC ectopic to the ascending lumbar vein,to indicate and verify PICC catheterisation in the lower extremity is safe and feasible.And hope to provide different per-spectives for clinical PICC venipuncture to get the attention of peers.CASE SUMMARY On 24 August 2022,a 58-year-old male was admitted to our department due to an intermittent cough persisting for over a month,which worsened 10 d prior.Imaging and laboratory investigations suggested the patient with pulmonary malignancy and SVCS.Chemotherapy was not an absolute contraindication in this patient.Lower extremity venipuncture is the preferred technique because administering upper extremity venous transfusion to patients with SVCS can exacerbate oedema in the head,neck,and upper extremities.The patient and his family were informed about the procedure,and informed consent was obtained.After successful puncture and prompt treatment,the patient was discharged,experiencing some relief from symptoms.CONCLUSION Inferior vena cava catheterisation is rare and important for cancer patients with SVCS,particularly in complex situations involving ectopic placement.展开更多
Background: This study reports a 10-year retrospective analysis of multiple trauma complicated by pulmonary contusion. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the risk factors for mortality due to trauma in patients...Background: This study reports a 10-year retrospective analysis of multiple trauma complicated by pulmonary contusion. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the risk factors for mortality due to trauma in patients with pulmonary contusion, the impact of various treatment options for prognosis, and the risk factors for concurrent Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome(ARDS). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 252 trauma patients with lung contusion admitted to the General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command from January 2000 to June 2011 by using the statistical processing system SPSS 17.0 for Windows. Results: We included 252 patients in our study, including 214 males and 38 females. The average age was 37.1±14.9 years. There were 110 cases admitted to the ICU, of which 26 cases with ARDS. Nine of the 252 patients died. We compared those who survived with those who died by gender and age, the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.199, P=0.200). Separate univariate analysis of those who died and those who survived found that shock on admission(P=0.000), coagulation disorders(P=0.000), gastrointestinal bleeding(P=0.02), the need for emergency surgery on admission(P=0.000), pre-hospital intubation(P=0.000), blood transfusion within 24 hours(P=0.006), the use of mechanical ventilation(P=0.000), and concurrent ARDS(P=0.000) are poor prognosis risk factors. Further logistic analysis, including the admission GCS score(OR=0.708, 95%CI 0.516-0.971, P=0.032), ISS score(OR 1.135, 95%CI 1.006-1.280, P=0.039), and concurrent ARDS(OR=15.814, 95%CI 1.819-137.480, P=0.012), identified the GCS score, ISS score and concurrent ARDS as independent risk factors of poor prognosis. Shock(OR=9.121, 95%CI 0.857-97.060, P=0.067) was also related to poor prognosis. Patients with injury factors such as road accident, falling injury, blunt injury and crush injury, et al.(P=0.039), infection(P=0.005), shock(P=0.004), coagulation disorders(P=0.006), emergency surgery(P=0.01), pre-hospital intubation(P=0.000), chest tube insertion(P=0.004), blood transfusion(P=0.000), usage of hormones(P=0.002), phlegm(P=0.000), ventilation(P=0.000) were at a significantly increased risk for ARDS complications. Conclusions: Those patients with multiple trauma and pulmonary contusion admitted to the hospital with shock, coagulopathy, a need for emergency surgery, pre-hospital intubation, and a need for mechanical ventilation could have a significantly increased risk of mortality and ARDS incidence. A risk for poor prognosis was associated with gastrointestinal bleeding. A high ISS score, high APACHE Ⅱ, and low GCS score were independent risk factors for poor prognosis. If patients developed an infection or were given drainage, hormones, and phlegm treatment, they were at higher risk of ARDS. Pre-hospital intubation and drainage were independent risk factors for ARDS. In patients with ARDS, the ICU stay, total length of stay, and hospital costs might increase significantly. A GCS score【5.5, APACHE Ⅱ score】16.5, and ISS score】20.5 could be considered indicators of poor prognosis for patients with multiple trauma and lung contusion.展开更多
Two near α titanium alloys, Ti-5.6Al-4.8Sn-2.0Zr-1Mo-0.35Si （1#） and Ti-6.0AI-4.8Sn-2.0Zr-1Mo-0.35Si （2#）, were solution-treated in the upper α＋β phase fields, and the duplex mixture microstructures consisting...Two near α titanium alloys, Ti-5.6Al-4.8Sn-2.0Zr-1Mo-0.35Si （1#） and Ti-6.0AI-4.8Sn-2.0Zr-1Mo-0.35Si （2#）, were solution-treated in the upper α＋β phase fields, and the duplex mixture microstructures consisting of the less volume fraction primary α phase （αp） and the transformed β phase （βt） were obtained. The aging treatments were carried out at 700℃ for 1# alloy and 760℃ for 2# alloy under varied terms, respectively. It guaranteed α2 ordered phase to precipitate only in αp but not in βt for the two alloys. The slower precipitation and growth of the α2 ordered phase and silicide was observed in 1# alloy in comparison with 2# alloy. The mechanical properties including tensile strength and ductility, the creep and lasting properties at 600℃ were investigated. Prolonging aging time did not predominantly change the tensile strength and ductility for the two alloys. The 600℃/100 h thermal exposure caused a notable decrease of tensile ductility in 2# alloy though no distinct decrease could be observed in 1# alloy after the thermal exposure. The lasting property of i# alloy was increased with prolonging aging time and finally was equal to or even better than that of 2# alloy. Nevertheless, no evident increase emerged in 2# alloy with prolonging aging time. Similarly, the creep property of 1# alloy monotonously increased with increasing aging time and finally was equal to or even better than that of 2# alloy. No evident increase could be observed for 2# alloy. It can be deduced that the overgrowth of α2 ordered phase and silicide is unable to enhance hot strength properties but cause an unacceptable damage to tensile ductility. The optimum equilibrium of the comprehensive properties depending on the proper control of α2 ordered phase and silicide can be achieved by properly selecting aging temperature and time.展开更多
An ideal method has been established for calculating the precipitation of α2 ordered phase in near-α titanium alloys based on the theory on the critical electron concentration for the precipitation of α2 ordered ph...An ideal method has been established for calculating the precipitation of α2 ordered phase in near-α titanium alloys based on the theory on the critical electron concentration for the precipitation of α2 ordered phase in near-α titanium alloys. With complete precipitation of α2 phase in near-α titanium alloys, the alloys can be considered to be composed of two parts： （1） the α2 ordered phase with the stoichiometric atomic ratio of Ti3X; （2） the disorder solid solution with the critical composition in which the α2 ordered phase is just unable to precipitate. By using this method, the volume fractions of α2 ordered phase precipitated in Ti-Al, Ti-Sn, Ti-Al-Sn-Zr alloys with various AI, Sn and/or Zr contents have been calculated. The influences of AI and Sn on the precipitation of α2 ordered phase are discussed. The calculating results show substantial agreement with the experimental ones.展开更多
Stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)is one of the main instabilities affecting success of fusion ignition.Here,we study the relationship between Raman growth and Landau damping with various distribution functions combinin...Stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)is one of the main instabilities affecting success of fusion ignition.Here,we study the relationship between Raman growth and Landau damping with various distribution functions combining the analytic formulas and Vlasov simulations.The Landau damping obtained by Vlasov-Poisson simulation and Raman growth rate obtained by Vlasov-Maxwell simulation are anti-correlated,which is consistent with our theoretical analysis quantitatively.Maxwellian distribution,flattened distribution,and bi-Maxwellian distribution are studied in detail,which represent three typical stages of SRS.We also demonstrate the effects of plateau width,hot-electron fraction,hot-to-cold electron temperature ratio,and collisional damping on the Landau damping and growth rate.They gives us a deep understanding of SRS and possible ways to mitigate SRS through manipulating distribution functions to a high Landau damping regime.展开更多
It is well known that conventional CalnP/GMnAs/Ce three-junction （3J） solar cells are difficult to continue to ascend when the effieiencies reach 32% and 42% under AMO and AM1.5D concentrated, respectively. In AlCaI...It is well known that conventional CalnP/GMnAs/Ce three-junction （3J） solar cells are difficult to continue to ascend when the effieiencies reach 32% and 42% under AMO and AM1.5D concentrated, respectively. In AlCaInP/AiGMnAs/CalnAs/CalnNAs/Ce five-junction （5,/） solar cells, the performance of the AlGaInP, Al- CalnAs and CalnNAs sub cell is the key factor for conversion efficiency of the 5J solar cell. We investigate the AlCaInP/AlCaInAs/Ge 3J solar cell. By incorporating surfactant trimthylantimony into the AlGaInP material, the crystal quality of AICalnP is improved and the spectrum absorption range of AICalnAs is extended. The current density of each sub cell exceeds ll.3mA/cm2 as is desired. Then we apply this 3J structure to grow the lattice-matched 5J solar ceil and obtain the short circuit current of 134.96 mA, open circuit voltage of 4399.6 m V, fill factor of 81.7% and conversion efficiency of 29.87%.展开更多
Recent studies have demonstrated a central role for plasma cells in the development of autoimmune diseases,such as systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Currently,both the phenotypic features and functional regulation of ...Recent studies have demonstrated a central role for plasma cells in the development of autoimmune diseases,such as systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Currently,both the phenotypic features and functional regulation of autoreactive plasma cells during SLE pathogenesis remain largely unclear.In this study,we first found that a major subset of IL-17 receptor-expressing plasma cells potently produced anti-dsDNA IgG upon IL-17A(IL-17)stimulation in SLE patients and lupus mice.Using a humanized lupus mouse model,we showed that the transfer of Th17 cell-depleted PBMCs from lupus patients resulted in a significantly reduced plasma cell response and attenuated renal damage in recipient mice compared to the transfer of total SLE PBMCs.Moreover,long-term BrdU incorporation in lupus mice detected highly enriched long-lived BrdU+subsets among IL-17 receptor-expressing plasma cells.Lupus mice deficient in IL-17 or IL-17 receptor C(IL-17RC)exhibited a diminished plasma cell response and reduced autoantibody production with attenuated renal damage,while the adoptive transfer of Th17 cells triggered the plasma cell response and renal damage in IL-17-deficient lupus mice.In reconstituted chimeric mice,IL-17RC deficiency resulted in severely impaired plasma cell generation but showed no obvious effect on germinal center B cells.Further mechanistic studies revealed that IL-17 significantly promoted plasma cell survival via p38-mediated Bcl-xL transcript stabilization.Together,our findings identified a novel function of IL-17 in enhancing plasma cell survival for autoantibody production in lupus pathogenesis,which may provide new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of SLE.展开更多
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells with immunosuppressive effects that are expanded under pathological conditions.In the past decade,MDSCs have generated si...Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells with immunosuppressive effects that are expanded under pathological conditions.In the past decade,MDSCs have generated significant research interest and increased attention.Recently,clinical observations and animal model studies have shown that MDSCs accumulate during the development of various autoimmune diseases,including primary Sjogren's syndrome(psS).psS is a common systemic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocyte infiltration and tissue inflammation in the salivary glands(SG)and lacrimal glands,resulting in dry mouth and dry eyes.Here,we review the latest evidence and provide new insights into the roles of MDSCs in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases,focusing on the functional changes in MDSCs and their therapeutic potential in autoimmune diseases.展开更多
Purpose China spallation neutron source(CSNS)operates as a pulsed neutron source with a 25 Hz repetition rate.Precise data synchronization with the beam cycle is essential for analyzing abnormal beam status and diagno...Purpose China spallation neutron source(CSNS)operates as a pulsed neutron source with a 25 Hz repetition rate.Precise data synchronization with the beam cycle is essential for analyzing abnormal beam status and diagnosing faults at CSNS.This study aims to develop a beam-synchronized data acquisition system(BSDAQ)for the CSNS accelerator,which will be used to improve the understanding and optimization of accelerator performance.Methods To tackle the network bandwidth and data storage limitations caused by continuous full-cycle data storage,this paper introduces a BSDAQ(beamline scientific data acquisition system)that employs a time window,trigger-based data collection approach.The system can be operated in two modes:periodic trigger for regular data collection intervals and random trigger for event-driven scenarios,providing a flexible triggering mechanism for comprehensive data acquisition.Upon receiving a trigger,the system is designed to capture high-precision timestamped data segments from front-end device caches,align them precisely with the beam pulse cycle,and store the processed data in the database.Furthermore,the system provides the data access interface to facilitate subsequent offline analysis.Results and conclusion The prototype of the beam-synchronized BSDAQ has been implemented and tested at the CSNS accelerator.Some fast processes,such as intra-pulse beam chopping and the automatic recovery of the beam following the activation of the fast protection system,were documented and illustrated.These results are instrumental for refining beam control and improving the reliability of the accelerator's operation.展开更多
Trauma-induced coagulopathy （TIC） is a clinical syndrome caused by imbalance between clotting, anti- coagulation and fibrinolysis resulting from multiple pathological factors such as hemorrhage and tissue injury in ...Trauma-induced coagulopathy （TIC） is a clinical syndrome caused by imbalance between clotting, anti- coagulation and fibrinolysis resulting from multiple pathological factors such as hemorrhage and tissue injury in the early stage of trauma, and is closely related to the outcome of trauma patients. It is proved in growing evidence that the endogenous coagulation disturbance in trauma itself is the activating factor of TIC, rather than dilution or other acquired coagulopathy. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis and progression is crucial for effective prevention and treatment in patients with TIC. This review focuses on transitions in the concept of TIC and mechanical progress.展开更多
Bacterial cell wall component-induced tolerance represents an important protective mechanism during microbial infection.Tolerance induced by the TLR2 agonist bacterial lipoprotein(BLP)has been shown to attenuate the i...Bacterial cell wall component-induced tolerance represents an important protective mechanism during microbial infection.Tolerance induced by the TLR2 agonist bacterial lipoprotein(BLP)has been shown to attenuate the inflammatory response,and simultaneously to augment antimicrobial function,thereby conferring its protection against microbial sepsis.However,the underlying mechanism by which BLP tolerance augments bactericidal activity has not been fully elucidated.Here,we reported that the induction of BLP tolerance in murine macrophages upregulated the expression of Rab20,a membrane trafficking regulator,at both the mRNA and protein levels upon bacterial infection.The knockdown of Rab20 with Rab20 specific siRNA(siRab20)did not affect the phagocytosis of Escherichia coli(E.coli),but substantially impaired the intracellular killing of the ingested E.coli in BLP-tolerized macrophages.Furthermore,Rab20 was associated with GFP-E.coli containing phagosomes,and BLP tolerization resulted in the enhanced maturation of GFP-E.coli-containing phagosomes associated with Rab20 and strong lysosomal acidification.The knockdown of Rab20 substantially diminished lysosome acidification and disturbed the fusion of GFP-E.coli containing phagosomes with lysosomes in BLP-tolerized macrophages.These results demonstrate that Rab20 plays a critical role in BLP tolerization-induced augmentation of bactericidal activity via promoting phagosome maturation and the fusion of bacteria containing phagosomes with lysosomes.展开更多
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)comprise heterogeneous myeloid cell populations with immunosuppressive capacity that contribute to immune regulation and tolerance induction.We previously reported impaired MDSC ...Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)comprise heterogeneous myeloid cell populations with immunosuppressive capacity that contribute to immune regulation and tolerance induction.We previously reported impaired MDSC function in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome(pSS)and mice with experimental SS(ESS).However,the molecular mechanisms underlying MDSC dysfunction remain largely unclear.In this study,we first found that aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)was highly expressed by human and murine polymorphonuclear MDSCs(PMN-MDSCs).Indole-3-propionic acid(IPA),a natural AhR ligand produced from dietary tryptophan,significantly promoted PMN-MDSC differentiation and suppressive function on CD4^(+)T cells.In contrast,feeding a tryptophan-free diet resulted in a decreased PMN-MDSC response,a phenotype that could be reversed by IPA supplementation.The functional importance of PMN-MDSCs was demonstrated in ESS mice by using a cell-depletion approach.Notably,AhR expression was reduced in PMN-MDSCs during ESS development,while AhR antagonism resulted in exacerbated ESS pathology and dysregulated T effector cells,which could be phenocopied by a tryptophan-free diet.Interferon regulatory factor 4(IRF4),a repressive transcription factor,was upregulated in PMN-MDSCs during ESS progression.Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that IRF4 could bind to the promoter region of AhR,while IRF4 deficiency markedly enhanced AhR-mediated PMN-MDSC responses.Furthermore,dietary supplementation with IPA markedly ameliorated salivary glandular pathology in ESS mice with restored MDSC immunosuppressive function.Together,our results identify a novel function of AhR in modulating the PMN-MDSC response and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of targeting AhR for the treatment of pSS.展开更多
基金The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China (U2004199)Excellent Youth Foundation of Henan Province (202300410373)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021T140615 and 2020M672281)Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (212300410285)Young Talent Support Project of Henan Province(2021HYTP028).
文摘Developing laminar composite solid electrolyte with ultrathin thickness and continuous conduction channels in vertical direction holds great promise for all-solid-state lithium batteries.Herein,a thin,laminar solid electrolyte is synthesized by filtrating–NH 2 functionalized metal-organic framework nanosheets and then being threaded with poly(ethylene oxide)chains induced by the hydrogen-bonding interaction from–NH_(2) groups.It is demonstrated that the threaded poly(ethylene oxide)chains lock the adjacent metal-organic framework nanosheets,giving highly enhanced structural stability(Young’s modulus,1.3 GPa)to 7.5-μm-thick laminar composite solid electrolyte.Importantly,these poly(ethylene oxide)chains with stretching structure serve as continuous conduction pathways along the chains in pores.It makes the non-conduction laminar metal-organic framework electrolyte highly conductive:3.97×10^(−5) S cm^(−1) at 25℃,which is even over 25 times higher than that of pure poly(ethylene oxide)electrolyte.The assembled lithium cell,thus,acquires superior cycling stability,initial discharge capacity(148 mAh g^(−1) at 0.5 C and 60℃),and retention(94% after 150 cycles).Besides,the pore size of nanosheet is tailored(24.5–40.9˚A)to evaluate the mechanisms of chain conformation and ion transport in confined space.It shows that the confined pore only with proper size could facilitate the stretching of poly(ethylene oxide)chains,and meanwhile inhibit their disorder degree.Specifically,the pore size of 33.8˚A shows optimized confinement effect with trans-poly(ethylene oxide)and cis-poly(ethylene oxide)conformation,which offers great significance in ion conduction.Our design of poly(ethylene oxide)-threaded architecture provides a platform and paves a way to the rational design of next-generation high-performance porous electrolytes.
基金the Chongqing Medical Scientific Research Project(a joint project of the Chongqing Health Commission and Science and Technology Bureau),No.2020FYYX046。
文摘BACKGROUND Peripherally inserted central catheters(PICCs)are an essential infusion route for oncology patients receiving intravenous treatments,but lower extremity veni-puncture is the preferred technique for patients with superior vena cava syndrome(SVCS).We report the case of a patient with a lower extremity PICC ectopic to the ascending lumbar vein,to indicate and verify PICC catheterisation in the lower extremity is safe and feasible.And hope to provide different per-spectives for clinical PICC venipuncture to get the attention of peers.CASE SUMMARY On 24 August 2022,a 58-year-old male was admitted to our department due to an intermittent cough persisting for over a month,which worsened 10 d prior.Imaging and laboratory investigations suggested the patient with pulmonary malignancy and SVCS.Chemotherapy was not an absolute contraindication in this patient.Lower extremity venipuncture is the preferred technique because administering upper extremity venous transfusion to patients with SVCS can exacerbate oedema in the head,neck,and upper extremities.The patient and his family were informed about the procedure,and informed consent was obtained.After successful puncture and prompt treatment,the patient was discharged,experiencing some relief from symptoms.CONCLUSION Inferior vena cava catheterisation is rare and important for cancer patients with SVCS,particularly in complex situations involving ectopic placement.
基金a major project from the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation of China (5000139)
文摘Background: This study reports a 10-year retrospective analysis of multiple trauma complicated by pulmonary contusion. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the risk factors for mortality due to trauma in patients with pulmonary contusion, the impact of various treatment options for prognosis, and the risk factors for concurrent Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome(ARDS). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 252 trauma patients with lung contusion admitted to the General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command from January 2000 to June 2011 by using the statistical processing system SPSS 17.0 for Windows. Results: We included 252 patients in our study, including 214 males and 38 females. The average age was 37.1±14.9 years. There were 110 cases admitted to the ICU, of which 26 cases with ARDS. Nine of the 252 patients died. We compared those who survived with those who died by gender and age, the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.199, P=0.200). Separate univariate analysis of those who died and those who survived found that shock on admission(P=0.000), coagulation disorders(P=0.000), gastrointestinal bleeding(P=0.02), the need for emergency surgery on admission(P=0.000), pre-hospital intubation(P=0.000), blood transfusion within 24 hours(P=0.006), the use of mechanical ventilation(P=0.000), and concurrent ARDS(P=0.000) are poor prognosis risk factors. Further logistic analysis, including the admission GCS score(OR=0.708, 95%CI 0.516-0.971, P=0.032), ISS score(OR 1.135, 95%CI 1.006-1.280, P=0.039), and concurrent ARDS(OR=15.814, 95%CI 1.819-137.480, P=0.012), identified the GCS score, ISS score and concurrent ARDS as independent risk factors of poor prognosis. Shock(OR=9.121, 95%CI 0.857-97.060, P=0.067) was also related to poor prognosis. Patients with injury factors such as road accident, falling injury, blunt injury and crush injury, et al.(P=0.039), infection(P=0.005), shock(P=0.004), coagulation disorders(P=0.006), emergency surgery(P=0.01), pre-hospital intubation(P=0.000), chest tube insertion(P=0.004), blood transfusion(P=0.000), usage of hormones(P=0.002), phlegm(P=0.000), ventilation(P=0.000) were at a significantly increased risk for ARDS complications. Conclusions: Those patients with multiple trauma and pulmonary contusion admitted to the hospital with shock, coagulopathy, a need for emergency surgery, pre-hospital intubation, and a need for mechanical ventilation could have a significantly increased risk of mortality and ARDS incidence. A risk for poor prognosis was associated with gastrointestinal bleeding. A high ISS score, high APACHE Ⅱ, and low GCS score were independent risk factors for poor prognosis. If patients developed an infection or were given drainage, hormones, and phlegm treatment, they were at higher risk of ARDS. Pre-hospital intubation and drainage were independent risk factors for ARDS. In patients with ARDS, the ICU stay, total length of stay, and hospital costs might increase significantly. A GCS score【5.5, APACHE Ⅱ score】16.5, and ISS score】20.5 could be considered indicators of poor prognosis for patients with multiple trauma and lung contusion.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No.50471085
文摘Two near α titanium alloys, Ti-5.6Al-4.8Sn-2.0Zr-1Mo-0.35Si （1#） and Ti-6.0AI-4.8Sn-2.0Zr-1Mo-0.35Si （2#）, were solution-treated in the upper α＋β phase fields, and the duplex mixture microstructures consisting of the less volume fraction primary α phase （αp） and the transformed β phase （βt） were obtained. The aging treatments were carried out at 700℃ for 1# alloy and 760℃ for 2# alloy under varied terms, respectively. It guaranteed α2 ordered phase to precipitate only in αp but not in βt for the two alloys. The slower precipitation and growth of the α2 ordered phase and silicide was observed in 1# alloy in comparison with 2# alloy. The mechanical properties including tensile strength and ductility, the creep and lasting properties at 600℃ were investigated. Prolonging aging time did not predominantly change the tensile strength and ductility for the two alloys. The 600℃/100 h thermal exposure caused a notable decrease of tensile ductility in 2# alloy though no distinct decrease could be observed in 1# alloy after the thermal exposure. The lasting property of i# alloy was increased with prolonging aging time and finally was equal to or even better than that of 2# alloy. Nevertheless, no evident increase emerged in 2# alloy with prolonging aging time. Similarly, the creep property of 1# alloy monotonously increased with increasing aging time and finally was equal to or even better than that of 2# alloy. No evident increase could be observed for 2# alloy. It can be deduced that the overgrowth of α2 ordered phase and silicide is unable to enhance hot strength properties but cause an unacceptable damage to tensile ductility. The optimum equilibrium of the comprehensive properties depending on the proper control of α2 ordered phase and silicide can be achieved by properly selecting aging temperature and time.
文摘An ideal method has been established for calculating the precipitation of α2 ordered phase in near-α titanium alloys based on the theory on the critical electron concentration for the precipitation of α2 ordered phase in near-α titanium alloys. With complete precipitation of α2 phase in near-α titanium alloys, the alloys can be considered to be composed of two parts： （1） the α2 ordered phase with the stoichiometric atomic ratio of Ti3X; （2） the disorder solid solution with the critical composition in which the α2 ordered phase is just unable to precipitate. By using this method, the volume fractions of α2 ordered phase precipitated in Ti-Al, Ti-Sn, Ti-Al-Sn-Zr alloys with various AI, Sn and/or Zr contents have been calculated. The influences of AI and Sn on the precipitation of α2 ordered phase are discussed. The calculating results show substantial agreement with the experimental ones.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA25050700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11805062,11875091 and 11975059)+1 种基金the Science Challenge Project(Grant No.TZ2016005)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(Grant No.2020JJ5029)。
文摘Stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)is one of the main instabilities affecting success of fusion ignition.Here,we study the relationship between Raman growth and Landau damping with various distribution functions combining the analytic formulas and Vlasov simulations.The Landau damping obtained by Vlasov-Poisson simulation and Raman growth rate obtained by Vlasov-Maxwell simulation are anti-correlated,which is consistent with our theoretical analysis quantitatively.Maxwellian distribution,flattened distribution,and bi-Maxwellian distribution are studied in detail,which represent three typical stages of SRS.We also demonstrate the effects of plateau width,hot-electron fraction,hot-to-cold electron temperature ratio,and collisional damping on the Landau damping and growth rate.They gives us a deep understanding of SRS and possible ways to mitigate SRS through manipulating distribution functions to a high Landau damping regime.
文摘It is well known that conventional CalnP/GMnAs/Ce three-junction （3J） solar cells are difficult to continue to ascend when the effieiencies reach 32% and 42% under AMO and AM1.5D concentrated, respectively. In AlCaInP/AiGMnAs/CalnAs/CalnNAs/Ce five-junction （5,/） solar cells, the performance of the AlGaInP, Al- CalnAs and CalnNAs sub cell is the key factor for conversion efficiency of the 5J solar cell. We investigate the AlCaInP/AlCaInAs/Ge 3J solar cell. By incorporating surfactant trimthylantimony into the AlGaInP material, the crystal quality of AICalnP is improved and the spectrum absorption range of AICalnAs is extended. The current density of each sub cell exceeds ll.3mA/cm2 as is desired. Then we apply this 3J structure to grow the lattice-matched 5J solar ceil and obtain the short circuit current of 134.96 mA, open circuit voltage of 4399.6 m V, fill factor of 81.7% and conversion efficiency of 29.87%.
基金funded by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81771761,91842304,and 81901635)Chongqing International Institute for Immunology(2020YJC10)Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(SZSM201512019)。
文摘Recent studies have demonstrated a central role for plasma cells in the development of autoimmune diseases,such as systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Currently,both the phenotypic features and functional regulation of autoreactive plasma cells during SLE pathogenesis remain largely unclear.In this study,we first found that a major subset of IL-17 receptor-expressing plasma cells potently produced anti-dsDNA IgG upon IL-17A(IL-17)stimulation in SLE patients and lupus mice.Using a humanized lupus mouse model,we showed that the transfer of Th17 cell-depleted PBMCs from lupus patients resulted in a significantly reduced plasma cell response and attenuated renal damage in recipient mice compared to the transfer of total SLE PBMCs.Moreover,long-term BrdU incorporation in lupus mice detected highly enriched long-lived BrdU+subsets among IL-17 receptor-expressing plasma cells.Lupus mice deficient in IL-17 or IL-17 receptor C(IL-17RC)exhibited a diminished plasma cell response and reduced autoantibody production with attenuated renal damage,while the adoptive transfer of Th17 cells triggered the plasma cell response and renal damage in IL-17-deficient lupus mice.In reconstituted chimeric mice,IL-17RC deficiency resulted in severely impaired plasma cell generation but showed no obvious effect on germinal center B cells.Further mechanistic studies revealed that IL-17 significantly promoted plasma cell survival via p38-mediated Bcl-xL transcript stabilization.Together,our findings identified a novel function of IL-17 in enhancing plasma cell survival for autoantibody production in lupus pathogenesis,which may provide new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of SLE.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82271854,81971542,82171771,91842304,and 82071817)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20210324114602008)+1 种基金the Hong Kong Research Grants Council Theme-Based Research Scheme(T12-703/19 R)the Centre for Oncology and Immunology under the Health@lnnoHK Initiative by the Innovation and Technology Commission,Hong Kong,China.
文摘Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells with immunosuppressive effects that are expanded under pathological conditions.In the past decade,MDSCs have generated significant research interest and increased attention.Recently,clinical observations and animal model studies have shown that MDSCs accumulate during the development of various autoimmune diseases,including primary Sjogren's syndrome(psS).psS is a common systemic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocyte infiltration and tissue inflammation in the salivary glands(SG)and lacrimal glands,resulting in dry mouth and dry eyes.Here,we review the latest evidence and provide new insights into the roles of MDSCs in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases,focusing on the functional changes in MDSCs and their therapeutic potential in autoimmune diseases.
基金funded by Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Y9291420K2,Yuliang Zhang。
文摘Purpose China spallation neutron source(CSNS)operates as a pulsed neutron source with a 25 Hz repetition rate.Precise data synchronization with the beam cycle is essential for analyzing abnormal beam status and diagnosing faults at CSNS.This study aims to develop a beam-synchronized data acquisition system(BSDAQ)for the CSNS accelerator,which will be used to improve the understanding and optimization of accelerator performance.Methods To tackle the network bandwidth and data storage limitations caused by continuous full-cycle data storage,this paper introduces a BSDAQ(beamline scientific data acquisition system)that employs a time window,trigger-based data collection approach.The system can be operated in two modes:periodic trigger for regular data collection intervals and random trigger for event-driven scenarios,providing a flexible triggering mechanism for comprehensive data acquisition.Upon receiving a trigger,the system is designed to capture high-precision timestamped data segments from front-end device caches,align them precisely with the beam pulse cycle,and store the processed data in the database.Furthermore,the system provides the data access interface to facilitate subsequent offline analysis.Results and conclusion The prototype of the beam-synchronized BSDAQ has been implemented and tested at the CSNS accelerator.Some fast processes,such as intra-pulse beam chopping and the automatic recovery of the beam following the activation of the fast protection system,were documented and illustrated.These results are instrumental for refining beam control and improving the reliability of the accelerator's operation.
文摘Trauma-induced coagulopathy （TIC） is a clinical syndrome caused by imbalance between clotting, anti- coagulation and fibrinolysis resulting from multiple pathological factors such as hemorrhage and tissue injury in the early stage of trauma, and is closely related to the outcome of trauma patients. It is proved in growing evidence that the endogenous coagulation disturbance in trauma itself is the activating factor of TIC, rather than dilution or other acquired coagulopathy. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis and progression is crucial for effective prevention and treatment in patients with TIC. This review focuses on transitions in the concept of TIC and mechanical progress.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81471901,81272149)the Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2015A030311031,2018A0303130289)+1 种基金the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory Construction Project of China(2014B030301044)the South Wisdom Valley Innovative Research Team Program(CXTD-001).
文摘Bacterial cell wall component-induced tolerance represents an important protective mechanism during microbial infection.Tolerance induced by the TLR2 agonist bacterial lipoprotein(BLP)has been shown to attenuate the inflammatory response,and simultaneously to augment antimicrobial function,thereby conferring its protection against microbial sepsis.However,the underlying mechanism by which BLP tolerance augments bactericidal activity has not been fully elucidated.Here,we reported that the induction of BLP tolerance in murine macrophages upregulated the expression of Rab20,a membrane trafficking regulator,at both the mRNA and protein levels upon bacterial infection.The knockdown of Rab20 with Rab20 specific siRNA(siRab20)did not affect the phagocytosis of Escherichia coli(E.coli),but substantially impaired the intracellular killing of the ingested E.coli in BLP-tolerized macrophages.Furthermore,Rab20 was associated with GFP-E.coli containing phagosomes,and BLP tolerization resulted in the enhanced maturation of GFP-E.coli-containing phagosomes associated with Rab20 and strong lysosomal acidification.The knockdown of Rab20 substantially diminished lysosome acidification and disturbed the fusion of GFP-E.coli containing phagosomes with lysosomes in BLP-tolerized macrophages.These results demonstrate that Rab20 plays a critical role in BLP tolerization-induced augmentation of bactericidal activity via promoting phagosome maturation and the fusion of bacteria containing phagosomes with lysosomes.
基金supported by the Chongqing International Institute for Immunology (2020YJC10)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (82071817,81971542,and 82171771)+3 种基金the Hong Kong Research Grants Council General Research Fund (17113319 and 27111820)Theme-Based Research Scheme (T12-703/19 R)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (YCYJ20210324114602008)the Centre for Oncology and Immunology under the Health@InnoHK Initiative of the Innovation and Technology Commission,Hong Kong,China.
文摘Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)comprise heterogeneous myeloid cell populations with immunosuppressive capacity that contribute to immune regulation and tolerance induction.We previously reported impaired MDSC function in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome(pSS)and mice with experimental SS(ESS).However,the molecular mechanisms underlying MDSC dysfunction remain largely unclear.In this study,we first found that aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)was highly expressed by human and murine polymorphonuclear MDSCs(PMN-MDSCs).Indole-3-propionic acid(IPA),a natural AhR ligand produced from dietary tryptophan,significantly promoted PMN-MDSC differentiation and suppressive function on CD4^(+)T cells.In contrast,feeding a tryptophan-free diet resulted in a decreased PMN-MDSC response,a phenotype that could be reversed by IPA supplementation.The functional importance of PMN-MDSCs was demonstrated in ESS mice by using a cell-depletion approach.Notably,AhR expression was reduced in PMN-MDSCs during ESS development,while AhR antagonism resulted in exacerbated ESS pathology and dysregulated T effector cells,which could be phenocopied by a tryptophan-free diet.Interferon regulatory factor 4(IRF4),a repressive transcription factor,was upregulated in PMN-MDSCs during ESS progression.Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that IRF4 could bind to the promoter region of AhR,while IRF4 deficiency markedly enhanced AhR-mediated PMN-MDSC responses.Furthermore,dietary supplementation with IPA markedly ameliorated salivary glandular pathology in ESS mice with restored MDSC immunosuppressive function.Together,our results identify a novel function of AhR in modulating the PMN-MDSC response and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of targeting AhR for the treatment of pSS.
