大黄对二乙基亚硝胺致大鼠肝癌癌前损伤作用及机制

目的 探讨大黄(Rhubarb)对二乙基亚硝胺致大鼠肝癌癌前损伤的作用及机制。方法 将SD大鼠分为正常对照组、大黄处理组、DEN处理组和大黄+DEN处理组4组。采用酶活性检测谷丙转氨酶(SGPT)活性、HE染色观察各组肝组织病理变化、Western blot法检测细胞外调节蛋白激酶(extracellular regulated protein kinases,Erk1/2)、细胞外调节蛋白激酶磷酸化(p-Erk1/2)、缺氧诱导因子1α(hypoxia inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α)、丙酮酸激酶同工酶M2型(pyruvate kinase M2,PKM2)等蛋白的表达。结果 与正常对照组、大黄处理组、DEN处理组相比,大黄+DEN组血清SGPT活性显著升高。病理切片HE染色显示,正常对照组大鼠和大黄处理组大鼠的肝细胞形态正常。DEN处理组的大鼠中,肝细胞排列紊乱并呈玻璃体样病变。与DEN处理大鼠相比,大黄+DEN处理的大鼠肝组织病理学变化更严重。Western blot结果表明与其他组相比,大黄+DEN组大鼠肝组织中Erk1/2、p-Erk1/2、HIF-1α、PKM2等蛋白水平显著升高。使用白藜芦醇作为PKM2的抑制剂,Westrn blot结果显示,与大黄+DEN处理2组相比,白藜芦醇+大黄+DEN处理组大鼠肝组织中PKM2蛋白水平显著降低;HE染色结果表明白藜芦醇减弱了大黄联合DEN对肝损伤的促进作用。结论 单独使用大黄对肝脏无损害,但大黄与DEN联合使用可促进大鼠的肝损伤,这与PKM2介导的有氧糖酵解有关。

Review of the role of ionic liquids in two-dimensional materials

Ionic liquids(ILs)are expected to be used as readily available“designer”solvents,characterized by a number of tunable properties that can be obtained by modulating anion and cation combinations and ion chain lengths.Among them,its high ionicity is outstanding in the preparation and property modulation of two-dimensional(2D)materials.In this review,we mainly focus on the ILs-assisted exfoliation of 2D materials towards large-scale as well as functionalization.Meanwhile,electric-field controlled ILs-gating of 2D material systems have shown novel electronic,magnetic,optical and superconducting properties,attracting a broad range of scientific research activities.Moreover,ILs have also been extensively applied in various field practically.We summarize the recent developments of ILs modified 2D material systems from the electrochemical,solar cells and photocatalysis aspects,discuss their advantages and possibilities as“designer solvent”.It is believed that the design of ILs accompanying with diverse 2D materials will not only solve several scientific problems but also enrich materials design and engineer of 2D materials.