Influence of overexpression of SOCS2 on cells of DN rat

Objective: To explore the influence and mechanism of overexpression of SOCS2 on diabetic nephropathy(DN) rats and cells. Methods: STZ was used to induce male SD rats and SOCS2 was injected into left renal vein. Rats were divided into DN group, DN-Ad-null group and DNAd-SOCS2 group. Glucose with high and normal concentration was used to culture HBZY-1 cells and then transfect Ad-SOCS2. HG group, HG-Ad-null group, HG-Ad-SOCS2 group, CG group, CG-Ad-null group, and CG-Ad-SOCS2 group were created. The expression of inflammatory cytokines(MCP-1, TNF-α and IL-6) in kidney tissue of rats, fibrosis related protein(FN, Collagen Ⅳ and TGF-β) in kidney tissue and cells of rats, and JAK/STAT signaling pathway related proteins(p-JAK2 and p-STAT3) were tested by western blot. ELISA was used to test the expression of inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α and IL-6) in cells. Results: The expression of inflammatory cytokines in DN rats(MCP-1, TNF-α and IL-6) and cell(TNF-α and IL-6) were increased(P<0.01) significantly. However, SOCS2 could decrease the overexpression of mediated inflammatory cytokines in DN animal models and cell models(P<0.01). The expression of fibrosis related protein in DN rats and cells increased while SOCS2 decreased the overexpression of mediated fibrosis related protein in DN model rats and cells(P<0.01). The expression of JAK/STAT pathway related protein in both DN rats and cells increased and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway was activated. Yet, SOCS2 obviously suppressed the expression of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway as well as the related proteins(p-JAK2 and p-STAT3) in both DN rats and cells. Conclusions: The overexpression of SOCS2 can decrease the expression of inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis related proteins in DN rats and cells, and meanwhile suppress the activation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway mediated by DN.

Design of real-time feedback control of vertical growth rate on EAST

Real-time feedback control of vertical growth rate,called gamma control,has been successfully applied to experimental advanced superconducting tokamak(EAST).In this paper,a new gamma control method is proposed to regulate the vertical growth rate,which is an estimator of plasma vertical instability.Thus,the gamma controller can be utilized to keep the tokamak plasma away from its unstable boundary.In this work,the main development process includes three steps:(1)real-time implementation of model-based vertical growth rate calculation,taking advantage of GPU parallel computing capability,(2)design of plasma shape response for dynamic shape control using a slight modification to the plasma boundary,and(3)development of a gamma control algorithm integrated into the EAST plasma control system(PCS).The gamma control was experimentally verified in the EAST 2019 experiment campaign.It is shown that the time evolution of the real-time vertical growth rate agrees with the target value,indicating that the real-time vertical growth rate can be regulated by gamma control.

Tests of the real-time vertical growth rate calculation on EAST

In order to measure controllability of vertical instability in EAST,the calculation of model-based vertical growth rate,called rt-gamma,has been successfully carried out in real time.The numerical computing method is adapted from rigid plasma response model in TokSys,which is a widely-used analysis tool for tokamak devices in Matlab environment,but the code is rewritten by taking advantage of GPU parallel computing capability to accelerate the computation.The calculation of rt-gamma is validated by comparing it with the corresponding result generated by TokSys for totally 3508 cases.It is shown that the average absolute value of relative errors is about 0.85%.In addition,the calculation program of rt-gamma has been successfully applied during 2019 EAST campaign.The comparison with experimental results is discussed in this paper.The real-time calculation tool is well able to calculate model-based vertical growth rate,which is convenient for fast and continuous evaluations of EAST control system stability performances.