Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity are the hallmarks of effector and memory T cells. Upon antigen stimulation, y T cells differentiate into two major types of memory T cells: central memory cells, which patrol t...Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity are the hallmarks of effector and memory T cells. Upon antigen stimulation, y T cells differentiate into two major types of memory T cells: central memory cells, which patrol the blood and secondary lymphoid organs, and effector memory cells, which migrate to peripheral tissues, y T cells display in vitroa certain degree of plasticity in their function that is reminiscent of that which is observed in conventional CD4 T cells. Similar to CD4 T cells, in which a plethora of specialized subsets affect the host response, y8 T cells may readily and rapidly assume distinct Thl-, Th2-, Th17-, TFH and T regulatory-like effector functions, suggesting that they profoundly influence cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. In addition to differences in cytokine repertoire, y~ T cells exhibit diversity in homing, such as migration to lymph node follicles, to help B cells versus migration to inflamed tissues. Here, we review our current understanding of y T-cell lineage heterogeneity and flexibility, with an emphasis on the human system, and propose a classification of effector y T cells based on distinct functional phenotypes.展开更多
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease of humans caused by Mycobacterium leprae(M.leprae)that is prevalent in some countries of Asia,Africa,and South America[1].Leprosy has traditionally been classified into two majo...Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease of humans caused by Mycobacterium leprae(M.leprae)that is prevalent in some countries of Asia,Africa,and South America[1].Leprosy has traditionally been classified into two major types,tuberculoid and lepromatous.Patients with tuberculoid leprosy(TLEP)have limited disease with relatively few bacteria in the skin and nerves and can successfully control the infection.展开更多
文摘Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity are the hallmarks of effector and memory T cells. Upon antigen stimulation, y T cells differentiate into two major types of memory T cells: central memory cells, which patrol the blood and secondary lymphoid organs, and effector memory cells, which migrate to peripheral tissues, y T cells display in vitroa certain degree of plasticity in their function that is reminiscent of that which is observed in conventional CD4 T cells. Similar to CD4 T cells, in which a plethora of specialized subsets affect the host response, y8 T cells may readily and rapidly assume distinct Thl-, Th2-, Th17-, TFH and T regulatory-like effector functions, suggesting that they profoundly influence cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. In addition to differences in cytokine repertoire, y~ T cells exhibit diversity in homing, such as migration to lymph node follicles, to help B cells versus migration to inflamed tissues. Here, we review our current understanding of y T-cell lineage heterogeneity and flexibility, with an emphasis on the human system, and propose a classification of effector y T cells based on distinct functional phenotypes.
基金This research was supported by institutional funds from the University of Palermo.
文摘Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease of humans caused by Mycobacterium leprae(M.leprae)that is prevalent in some countries of Asia,Africa,and South America[1].Leprosy has traditionally been classified into two major types,tuberculoid and lepromatous.Patients with tuberculoid leprosy(TLEP)have limited disease with relatively few bacteria in the skin and nerves and can successfully control the infection.