The earthquake is considered one of the most devastating disasters in any area of the world due to its potentially destructive force.Based on the various earthquake-related parameters,the risk assessment is enabled in...The earthquake is considered one of the most devastating disasters in any area of the world due to its potentially destructive force.Based on the various earthquake-related parameters,the risk assessment is enabled in advance to prevent future earthquake disasters.In this paper,for providing the shelter space demands to reduce the damage level and prevention costs,an earthquake risk assessment approach is proposed for deriving the risk index based on multiple spatial parameters in the gridded map.The proposed assessment approach is comprised of pre-processing,methodologymodel,and data visualization.The risk index model derives the earthquake risk index by multiple spatial parameters including indexes of earthquake,danger,shelter,and building for blocks in the quantitative gridded map.The parameters are provided based onmathematicalmodels and combinedwith the risk index that presents the earthquake risk assessment result for each block.Therefore,the gridding approach is proposed to provide the elements of the risk assessment area that are used in the spatial parameters.The gridded map is developed for the selected area to visualize risk index parameters associated with each risk zone.Based on the derived result of the proposed earthquake risk indexmodel,emergency shelter requirements are provided according to the risk index for each location,which supports safety measures in advance to prevent future earthquake disasters.展开更多
Two types of allylic trifluoromethylated compounds were synthesized by reacting alkynes with CF3CH2I using visible-light photocatalysis. Subtle differences in the catalytic system controlled the selectivity of iodotri...Two types of allylic trifluoromethylated compounds were synthesized by reacting alkynes with CF3CH2I using visible-light photocatalysis. Subtle differences in the catalytic system controlled the selectivity of iodotrifluoroethy- lation and hydrotrifluoroethylation. The iodotrifluoroethylated products were obtained in the presence of [Ru（bpy）3]C12 and TMEDA in CH3CN under visible-light irradiation, whereas hydrotrifluoroethylated products were synthesized usingfac-[Ir（ppy）3] and a mixture of DBU and K2CO3 in DMF. The iodotrifluoroethylation reac- tion worked particularly well, even at gram-scale, and the synthetic utility of iodotrifluoroethylated products was proved by their coupling reactions, providing complex CF3-containing products.展开更多
基金This research was supported in part by the Energy Cloud R&D Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT(2019M3F2A1073387)in part by the Basic Science Research Program through the NRF funded by the Ministry of Education(NRF-2019R1I1A1A01062456),Any correspondence related to this paper should be addressed to Dohyeun Kim.
文摘The earthquake is considered one of the most devastating disasters in any area of the world due to its potentially destructive force.Based on the various earthquake-related parameters,the risk assessment is enabled in advance to prevent future earthquake disasters.In this paper,for providing the shelter space demands to reduce the damage level and prevention costs,an earthquake risk assessment approach is proposed for deriving the risk index based on multiple spatial parameters in the gridded map.The proposed assessment approach is comprised of pre-processing,methodologymodel,and data visualization.The risk index model derives the earthquake risk index by multiple spatial parameters including indexes of earthquake,danger,shelter,and building for blocks in the quantitative gridded map.The parameters are provided based onmathematicalmodels and combinedwith the risk index that presents the earthquake risk assessment result for each block.Therefore,the gridding approach is proposed to provide the elements of the risk assessment area that are used in the spatial parameters.The gridded map is developed for the selected area to visualize risk index parameters associated with each risk zone.Based on the derived result of the proposed earthquake risk indexmodel,emergency shelter requirements are provided according to the risk index for each location,which supports safety measures in advance to prevent future earthquake disasters.
文摘Two types of allylic trifluoromethylated compounds were synthesized by reacting alkynes with CF3CH2I using visible-light photocatalysis. Subtle differences in the catalytic system controlled the selectivity of iodotrifluoroethy- lation and hydrotrifluoroethylation. The iodotrifluoroethylated products were obtained in the presence of [Ru（bpy）3]C12 and TMEDA in CH3CN under visible-light irradiation, whereas hydrotrifluoroethylated products were synthesized usingfac-[Ir（ppy）3] and a mixture of DBU and K2CO3 in DMF. The iodotrifluoroethylation reac- tion worked particularly well, even at gram-scale, and the synthetic utility of iodotrifluoroethylated products was proved by their coupling reactions, providing complex CF3-containing products.
