肾病患者的血清IgA质量浓度与肠道菌群相关性研究

目的探究血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)质量浓度较高肾病患者与血清IgA质量浓度较低肾病患者及健康体检者之间肠道菌群的差异。方法选取2019年9—12月在兰州大学第二医院诊断治疗的肾病患者15例,其中包括血清IgA质量浓度较高肾病患者7例(H组),血清IgA质量浓度较低肾病患者8例(L组),健康体检者41例(C1组)。检测3组研究对象的肠道菌群,比较不同血清IgA质量浓度的肾病患者与正常对照组肠道菌群之间的差异。结果H、L组及H、L、C1组的肠道菌群构成差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);疾病组的菌群多样性和益生菌的比例显著降低(P<0.05)。结论不同血清IgA质量浓度肾病患者的肠道菌群与健康人群存在明显差异,肠道菌群可能通过多种方式介导IgA分泌的过程从而促进IgAN的发生。

A Lightweight Deep Learning-Based Model for Tomato Leaf Disease Classification

Tomato leaf diseases significantly impact crop production,necessitating early detection for sustainable farming.Deep Learning(DL)has recently shown excellent results in identifying and classifying tomato leaf diseases.However,current DL methods often require substantial computational resources,hindering their application on resource-constrained devices.We propose the Deep Tomato Detection Network(DTomatoDNet),a lightweight DL-based framework comprising 19 learnable layers for efficient tomato leaf disease classification to overcome this.The Convn kernels used in the proposed(DTomatoDNet)framework is 1×1,which reduces the number of parameters and helps in more detailed and descriptive feature extraction for classification.The proposed DTomatoDNet model is trained from scratch to determine the classification success rate.10,000 tomato leaf images(1000 images per class)from the publicly accessible dataset,covering one healthy category and nine disease categories,are utilized in training the proposed DTomatoDNet approach.More specifically,we classified tomato leaf images into Target Spot(TS),Early Blight(EB),Late Blight(LB),Bacterial Spot(BS),Leaf Mold(LM),Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus(YLCV),Septoria Leaf Spot(SLS),Spider Mites(SM),Tomato Mosaic Virus(MV),and Tomato Healthy(H).The proposed DTomatoDNet approach obtains a classification accuracy of 99.34%,demonstrating excellent accuracy in differentiating between tomato diseases.The model could be used on mobile platforms because it is lightweight and designed with fewer layers.Tomato farmers can utilize the proposed DTomatoDNet methodology to detect disease more quickly and easily once it has been integrated into mobile platforms by developing a mobile application.

The effect of replacing pnictogen elements on the physical properties of SrMg_2X_2(X=N,P,As,Sb,Bi) Zintl compounds

The effect of replacing the anion from N to Bi down the group in the periodic table is investigated on SrMg2X2（X = N,P,As,Sb,Bi）.A full potential linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbitals method is used along with different exchange–correlation potentials to obtain the lattice constants,phonons,electronic,and optical properties of the Sr Mg2X2（X = N,P,As,Sb,Bi） Zintl compounds.A good agreement is achieved and our calculations are validated by previous experimental and theoretical data.All compounds have shown stable dynamical behavior with gamma centered longitudinal response having no imaginary frequencies.Electronic band structures reveal the semiconducting nature of the compounds.The Pnictogen（X）-p state contributed mainly in the valence band and the Sr-d state forms the conduction of the compounds.Relative charge transfer and low overlapping of the atomic densities indicates the preferable ionic bonding character of these materials.In the optical properties,real and imaginary parts of dielectric function,complex refractive index,birefringence,reflectivity,and optical conductivity are calculated.These compounds can be utilized in the optical and optoelectronic devices.

Single-layered non-interleaved spin-insensitive metasurfaces for wavefront engineering

Metasurfaces,two-dimensional(2D)or quasi-2D arrays of dielectric or metallic meta-atoms,offer a compact and novel platform to manipulate the amplitude,phase,and polarization of incoming wavefronts in a desired manner by engineering the geometry of meta-atoms.In polarization control,spin-insensitive metasurfaces have attracted significant attention due to the robustness of circular polarization against the beam misalignment and multi-path effects.Till now,several efforts have been made to realize polarization-insensitive metasurfaces for circularly polarized(CP)wavefront manipulation;however,these metasurfaces only consider the cross-polarization channels and keep the co-polarization channels abandoned.Such metasurfaces cannot be considered truly spin-insensitive,as one has to carefully choose the analyzer at output.Here,by combining the polarization-insensitive geometric phase and engineered propagation phase,we propose a spin-insensitive design principle based on metasurfaces that can perform identical functionality(on co-and crosspolarization channels)irrespective of the handedness of incident/transmitted light.As a proof of concept,we design and numerically realize two types of spin-insensitive wavefront engineering devices:(1)spin-insensitive meta-hologram and(2)spin-insensitive beam deflector with power splitting functionality.The proposed work is expected to open up new avenues for developing spin-independent metasurfaces-based devices.

Tunable beam deflection based on plasmonic resonators mounted freestanding thermoresponsive hydrogel

We propose and numerically demonstrate a dynamic beam deflector based on plasmonic resonator loaded thermoresponsive freestanding hydrogel that swells and collapses in water by temperature.For this purpose,we utilize four-step phase gradients mounted on freestanding hydrated hydrogel.For normal incidence,linearly orthogonal light deflects to 19.44°in the collapsed state and 14.40°in the swollen state of hydrogel.Furthermore,the light deflects at a third angle of 12.29°when the solvent changes from water to ethanol.It is expected that our metadesign will provide a platform for dynamic holography,active lensing,data storage,and anticounterfeiting.

Exploitation of geometric and propagation phases for spin-dependent rational-multiple complete phase modulation using dielectric metasurfaces

Metasurfaces have drawn considerable attention in manipulation of electromagnetic waves due to their exotic subwavelength footprints. Regardless of immense progress of polarization-dependent flat optics, the realization of on-device switchable complete phase multiplication is still missing from design multifunctional devices. Here,by combining geometric and propagation phases, a generalized design principle is proposed that can achieve switchable integer or fractional multiple complete phase modulation in transmitted circularly cross-polarized light by switching the handedness of incident polarization. As a proof of concept, two types of spin-dependent bifunctional wavefront manipulating devices, including switchable beam splitter/beam deflector and spinto-orbital angular momentum converter designs are numerically realized. It is believed that the proposed single-cell spin-switchable rational-multiple complete-phase-modulation design principle based on combined propagation and geometric phases has great potential to underpin the development of meta-optics-based multifunctional operations in the field of integrated optics, imaging, and optical communication.