Cost Optimization Modeling of Renewable Energy Sources in Smart-Grid Using SCADA

In recent times, renewable energy production from renewable energy sources is an alternative way to fulfill the increased energy demands. However, the increasing energy demand rate places more pressure, leading to the termination of conventional energy resources. However, the cost of power generation from coal-fired plants is higher than the power generation’s price from renewable energy sources. This experiment is focused on cost optimization during power generation through pumped storage power plant and wind power plant. The entire modeling of cost optimization has been conducted in two parts. The mathematical modeling was done using MATLAB simulation while the hydro and wind power plant’s emulation was performed using SCADA (Supervisory control and data acquisition) designer implementation. The experiment was conducted using ranges of generated power from both power sources. The optimum combination of output power and cost from both generators is determined via MATLAB simulation within the assumed generated output power range. Secondly, the hydro-generator and wind generator’s emulation were executed individually through synchronizing the grid to determine each generator’s specification using SCADA designer, which provided the optimum power generation from both generators with the specific speed, aligning with results generated through MATLAB. Finally, the operational power cost (with no losses consideration) from MATLAB was compared with the local energy provider to determine the cost-efficiency. This experiment has provided the operational cost optimization of the hydro-wind combined power system with stable wind power generation using SCADA, which will ultimately assist in operations of large-scale power systems, remotely minimizing multi-area dynamic issues while maximizing the system efficiency.

A critical review of the emerging research on the detection and assessment of microplastics pollution in the coastal,marine,and urban Bangladesh

The research on the extent and effects of microplastics pollution in the Global South is only getting started.Bangladesh is a South Asian country with one of the fastest growing economies in the world,however,such exponential economic growth has also increased the pollution threats to its natural and urban environment.In this paper,we reviewed the recent primary research on the assessment of the extent of microplastics pollution in Bangladesh.Fromthe online databases,we developed a compilation of emergingresearch articles that detected and quantified microplastics in different coastal,marine,and urban environments in Bangladesh.Most of the studies focused on the coastal environment(e.g.,beach sediment)and marine fish,while limited data were available for the urban environment.We also discussed the relationship of the type of anthropogenic activities with the observed microplastic pollution.The Cox's Bazar sea beach in south-east Bangladesh experienced microplastics pollution due to tourism activities,while fishing and other anthropogenic activities led to microplastics pollution in the Bay of Bengal.While microplastics larger than 1 mm were prevalent in the beach sediments,smaller microplastics with size below 0.5 mm were prevalent in marine fish samples.Moreover,the differences m microplastic abundance,size,shape,color,and polymer type found were depended on the sampling sites and relevant anthropogenic activities.It is imperative to identify majorsources of microplastics pollution in both natural and urban environment,determine potential environmental and human health effects,and develop mitigating and prevention strategies for reducing microplastics pollution.