Phytochemical analysis and inhibitory effects of Calligonum polygonoides on pancreatic α-amylase and β-glucosidase enzymes

OBJECTIVES:To estimate the existence of phytochemicals and then to determine the antidiabetic activity againstα-amylase andβ-glucosidase inhibition in vitro.METHODS:The study was carried out by following standard procedures.RESULTS:Phytochemicals analysis indicated the presence of different phytochemicals.The total phenolic content was 6.055 mg GAE/g and the total flavonoid content was 5.706 mg RU/g in the plant extract.The total saponins,alkaloids,and tannins contents were(0.044%),(2.88%)and(2.862 nm)respectively.α-amylase inhibition activity of Calligonum polygonoides(CP)extract was 70%with IC50 of 610μg/mL and that ofβ-glucosidase inhibition activity was 65%with IC50 of 640μg/mL.CONCLUSION:The findings reported for the first time the antidiabetes-promoting effects of an extract of CP in vitro,thus validating their promising anti-diabetes potential.

Efficacy of Silene arenosa extract on acetylcholinesterase in Bungarus sindanus(krait) venom

OBJECTIVE:To examine the efficacy of Silene arenosa extract on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of krait (Bungarus Sindanus) snake venom.METHODS:The present project designed to evaluate the inhibition of AChE by following standard procedures.RESULTS:Statistical analysis of the results showed that Silene arenosa exerted 73%inhibition against the krait venom acetylcholinesterase at fixed substrate acetylcholine (ACh) concentration (0.5 mM).Kinetic analysis using the Lineweaver Burk plot revealed that Silene arenosa caused a competitive type of inhibition i.e.K_(m) values increased from 26.6 to 93.3 mM (26.6%to 93.3%) and V_(max)remained constant in a concentration-dependent manner.Silene arenosa competes with the substrate to bind at the active site of the enzyme.The K_(mapp)of venom AChE for Silene arenosa increased from 60%to 81.6%and the V_(maxapp)remains constant.K_(i)(inhibition constant was estimated to be 48μg for snake venom);while the K_(m)(Michaelis-Menten constant of AChE-substrate into AChE and product) was estimated to be 0.5 mM.The IC_(50)of AchE calculated for Silene arenosa was 67μg.CONCLUSION:The present results suggest that Silene arenosa extract can be considered as an inhibitor of snake venom AChE.