Construction of an immune-related prognostic model to predict prognosis and immunotherapy in liver cancer patients with hepatitis B virus-infected

Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)appears to be strongly associated with immune-related genes.However,immune-related genes are not well understood as a prognostic marker in HCC caused by the hepatitis B virus(HBV).The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of immune-related genes in HBV-infected HCC.Methods:Gene expression data from 114 HBV-infected HCC and 50 normal tissues were integrated into The Cancer Genome Atlas.Differentially expressed immune-associated genes were analyzed to identify immune-associated differential genes associated with overall survival.Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator and multivariate Cox regressions were used to constructing immunoprognostic models.An independent prognostic factor analysis using multiple Cox regressions was also performed for HBV-infected HCCs.Immunocorrelation analysis markers and immune cell infiltration were also investigated.Results:We found 113 differentially expressed immune-associated genes.Immune-related differential genes were significantly correlated with the overall survival of HCC patients.We constructed an immune-based prognostic model using multivariate Cox regression analysis including seven immune-related genes.According to further analysis,immune-related prognostic factors may serve as independent prognostic indicators in the clinical setting.There is also evidence that the 7-gene prognostic model reflects the tumor immune microenvironment as a result of the risk score model and immune cell infiltration.Conclusions:As a result of our study,we screened immune-related genes for prognosis in HBV-infected HCC and developed a novel immune-based prognostic model.The research not only provides new prognostic biomarkers but also offers insight into the tumor immune microenvironment and lays the theoretical groundwork for immunotherapy.

后循环脑缺血的基底动脉高分辨磁共振成像研究

目的利用高分辨磁共振成像(high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging,HR-MRI)探究短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)频发组与非频发组间基底动脉管壁差异。材料与方法将经过头部三维时间飞跃法磁共振血管造影(three-dimension time of flight magnetic resonance angiography,3D-TOF-MRA)和基底动脉HR-MRI扫描后发现斑块的患者纳入研究。根据24 h内TIA频次分为频发组(≥2次)和非频发组(<2次)。对两组斑块形态学指标、狭窄程度、血管重构、斑块分布及临床特点进行分析。结果68例TIA患者,共184个斑块(频发组:38例、108个,非频发组:30例、76个)。最狭窄层面的斑块形态学指标组间差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。频发组狭窄程度、重构指数较非频发组高,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。频发组腹侧斑块占比较大(38.0%vs 22.4%),背侧斑块占比较小(17.6%vs 35.5%),差异均有统计学意义(P=0.025、0.006);两组侧壁斑块比例(44.4%vs 42.1%)相似,差异无统计学意义(P=0.753)。两组临床因素差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论频发组斑块多分布于腹侧,非频发组多分布于背侧,两组侧壁斑块比例相似。频发组斑块负荷、狭窄程度、重构指数更高,非频发组斑块更稳定。

应用DCE-MRI技术评估乙型肝炎肝硬化患者食管胃底静脉曲张严重程度的效能分析

目的探讨应用动态增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)技术评估乙型肝炎肝硬化患者并发食管胃底静脉曲张(GOV)严重程度的效能。方法2014年6月~2020年6月我院收治的88例乙型肝炎肝硬化并发GOV患者,接受胃镜检查诊断并行GOV分级,使用彩色多普勒超声检测肝脏门静脉直径(PVD)、脾静脉直径(SVD)、脾脏长径(SD)和脾脏厚径(ST),使用DCE-MRI技术评估GOV程度,分析DCE-MRI技术诊断GOV程度的效能。结果在本组88例肝硬化患者中,经胃镜检查诊断并发轻度GOV者60例,并发中重度GOV者28例;并发中重度GOV的乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清白蛋白水平为(36.0±3.8)g/L,显著低于并发轻度GOV患者【(40.1±3.7)g/L,P<0.05】;外周血白细胞计数为(3.4±0.5)×10^(9)/L,血小板计数为(69.5±7.3)×10^(9)/L,均显著低于轻度GOV患者【分别为(4.2±0.3)×10^(9)/L和(103.3±16.4)×10^(9)/L,P<0.05】;PVD为(15.4±2.0)mm,SVD为(11.2±2.1)mm,SD为(155.9±29.8)mm,ST为(53.2±9.8)mm,均显著大于轻度GOV组【分别为(14.3±2.1)mm、(10.0±2.6)mm、(140.6±30.6)mm和(47.6±10.1)mm,P<0.05】;在28例中重度GOV患者中,DCE-MRI检查发现2级和3级GOV占比分别为42.9%和50.0%,显著高于轻度组的11.7%和0.0%(P<0.05);DCE-MRI技术评估乙型肝炎肝硬化并发GOV严重程度的灵敏度、特异度和准确度分别为88.3%、92.9%和89.8%,阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为96.4%和78.8%。结论使用DCE-MRI检查判断乙型肝炎肝硬化患者并发GOV有一定的应用价值,值得进一步研究。

基于主成分分析的自适应特征选择算法研究

提出了一种自适应性的特征提取方法。首先通过主成分分析求出样本全局投影空间,然后基于最大化投影构建优化目标函数,最后通过该函数求出自适应于个体样本的投影空间。该方法很好地考虑了样本集合中每个样本的分布特点。为了使得算法可应用于识别分类问题中,给出了计算存在于不同投影空间的个体样本间相似性的方法,相比于欧式度量,该方法被证明得到的相似性能够更好地表征样本间的测地距离关系,使其能够有效地对流型结构数据进行学习。通过在不同数据库上进行分类及重构的对比实验,实验结果表明,该方法能够更好地提取数据特征,且对离群点具有鲁棒性。

Morphine-3-glucuronide upregulates PD-L1 expression via TLR4 and promotes the immune escape of non-small cell lung cancer

Objective:Patients with cancer pain are highly dependent on morphine analgesia,but studies have shown a negative correlation between morphine demand and patient outcomes.The long-term use of morphine may result in abnormally elevated serum morphine-3-glucuronide(M3G)levels.Hence,the effects of M3G on tumor progression are worth studying.Methods:The effects of M3G on PD-L1 expressions in human non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)cell lines were first evaluated.Activation of TLR4 downstream pathways after M3G treatment was then determined by Western blot.The effects of M3G on human cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTL)cytotoxicity and INF-γrelease was also detected.Finally,the LLC murine lung adenocarcinoma cell line were used to establish a murine lung cancer model,and the effects of M3G on tumor growth and metastasis were determined.Results:M3G promoted the expressions of PD-L1 in the A549 and H1299 cell lines in a TLR4-dependent manner(P<0.05).M3G activated the PI3 K and the NFκB signaling pathways,and this effect was antagonized by a TLR4 pathway inhibitor.A PI3 K pathway inhibitor reversed the M3G-mediated PD-L1 upregulation.M3G inhibited the cytotoxicity of CTL on A549 cells and decreased the level of INF-γ.Repeated M3G intraperitoneal injections promoted LLC tumor growth and lung metastasis through the upregulation of tumor expressed PD-L1 and the reduction of CTL in the tumor microenvironment.Conclusions:M3G specifically activated TLR4 in NSCLC cells and upregulated PD-L1 expression through the PI3 K signaling pathway,thereby inhibiting CTL cytotoxicity and finally promoting tumor immune escape.

Computer Aided Study of Mechanism of Immunoadsorbent for Myasthenia Gravis

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is an organ specific autoimmune disease mediated by autoantibodies (AChR Ab) against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Literature reported that the AChR Ab can be removed by absorbent linked with tryptophan. It was studied in detail in our lab. With the aid of computer, we docked some ligands into AChR Ab, and the results from scores of docking under different generations showed that there was no specific binding between tryptophan and scFv fragment just as the binding between antigen-antibody. The interaction between Trp and immunoglobulin was a broad-spectrum binding.

美陆军战术无线电通信系统发展及启示

研究美陆军战术无线电通信系统的建设发展情况,对构建我军自身的战术无线电通信系统有着非常重要的指导意义。通过对美陆军战术无线电通信系统各发展阶段、主要技术支撑和未来发展趋势进行深入分析,总结了其注重体系建设、战术需求和技术引领的特点,提出了适应我军战术无线电通信系统建设发展的重要启示。

Bézier representation of geometrically continuous splines

As an intrinsic measure of smoothness,geometric continuity is an important problem in the fields of computer aided geometric design.It can afford more degrees of freedom for manipulating the shape of curve.However,piecewise polynomial functions of geometrically continuous splines are difficult to be constructed.In this paper,the conversion matrix between geometrically continuous spline basis functions and Bézier representation is analyzed.Based on this,construction of arbitrary degree geometrically continuous spline basis functions can be translated into a solution of linear system of equations.The original construction of geometrically continuous spline is simplified.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPLEXES OF LANTHANIDE NITRATES WITH 2,2'-BIPYRIDYL

The interactions of 2,2’-bipyridyl with the lanthanide nitrates werestudied and complexes of the formula Ln（NO8）8（bipy）8 were isolated from water-ethanol mixed solvent.The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis,conductivity measurments,IR spectra and DAT-TG analysis.

Effects of B segregation on Mo-rich phase precipitation in S31254 super-austenitic stainless steels:Experimental and first-principles study

Precipitation in super-austenitic stainless steels will significantly affect their corrosion resistance and hot workability.The effects of Cr and Mo on precipitation behaviors were mainly achieved by affecting the driving force for precipitation,especially Mo has a more substantial promotion effect on the formation of theσphase than Cr.In the present study,B addition to the S31254 super-austenitic stainless steels shows an excellent ability to inhibit precipitation.The effect of B on the precipitation behaviors was investigated by microstructure characterization and theoretical calculations.The experimental observation shows that the small addition of B inhibits the formation of theσphase along grain boundaries and changes from continuous to intermittent distribution.Moreover,the inhibitory effect increased obviously with the increase of B content.The influence of B addition was theoretically analyzed from the atomic level,and the calculation results demonstrate that B can inhibit the formation ofσphase precipitates by suppressing Mo migration to grain boundaries.It is found that B and Mo are inclined to segregate atΣ5 andΣ9 grain boundaries,with B showing the most severe grain boundary segregation tendency.While B distribution at the grain boundary before precipitation begins,the segregation of Mo and Cr will be restrained.Additionally,B’s occupation will induce a high potential barrier,making it difficult for Mo to diffuse towards grain boundaries.

Effect of Seabed Topography Change on Sound Ray Propagation—A Simulation Study

Variation of ocean environmental parameters is important to sound ray propagation. This article studies the problem of sound ray propagation in seawater by BELLHOP ray model. The sensitivities of sound ray propagation to the variations of seabed topography and depth of sound source by simulation. The results show that the depth variation of sound source is the main cause for emerging and disappearing of surface sound channel, accumulation area and deep sound channel. The deviation of sound ray propagation is in accordance with seabed topography change.

A high-sensitivity H2S gas sensor based on optimized ZnO-ZnS nano-heterojunction sensing material

This paper reports a high-performance H2S gas sensing material that is made of ZnO nanowires(NWs)modified by an optimal amount of ZnS to form nano-hete rojunctions.Compared with the intrinsic ZnONWs,the three differently modified nano-heterostructure material ZnO-ZnS-x(x=5,10,15)shows significant improvement in sensing performance to H2S at the working temperatures of 100-400℃,especially in the low temperature range(<300℃).The chemiresistive sensor with ZnO-ZnS-10 sensingmaterial exhibits the largest response signal to H2S among all the other ZnO-ZnS-x(x=5,10,15,20)sensors.Its response signal to 5 ppm H2S at 150℃is about 2.7 times to that of the ZnO-NWs sensor.Besides,the ZnO-ZnS-10 sensor also features satisfactory selectivity and repeatability at 150℃.With the technical advantage attributed to the reduction of the redesigned band gap at the interface between ZnO and ZnS,the ZnO-ZnS hete ro structure sensor rather than the traditional ZnO-NWs sensor can be used for high-sensitivity application at low working temperature.

膀胱癌术后尿路感染对TGF-β1/Smads信号通路的影响

目的:分析膀胱癌术后尿路感染对TGF-β1/Smads信号通路的影响。方法:选取82例膀胱癌术后尿路感染患者作为研究对象,同时选取同期82例胱癌术后未发生尿路感染的患者作为对照组。采用免疫化学发光法检测TNF-a、IL-1β及PGE2水平,用免疫组化法检测TGF-β1、Smad4及Smad7蛋白表达水平。根据感染程度的不同将研究组分为轻度感染、中度感染、重度感染3组,比较各组之间的TGF-β1、Smad4及Smad7蛋白表达水平。结果:研究组患者的血清TNF-a、IL-1β及PGE2水平均显著高于对照组,差异存在统计学意义(P <0. 01)。相比对照组,研究组患者的TGF-β1及Smad7蛋白表达水平更高(P <0. 01),而Smad4蛋白表达水平更低(P <0. 01)。在TGF-β1及Smad7蛋白表达方面,A组患者最高,其次为B组,C组最低,而Smad4蛋白表达水平在各组相反,差异均存在统计学意义(P <0. 05)。TGF-β1及Smad7蛋白表达水平与血清TNF-a、IL-1β及PGE2水平呈正相关(r=0. 256,0. 113,0. 432,0. 689,0. 124,0. 162; P <0. 01),Smad4蛋白表达水平与上述指标呈负相关(r=-0. 135,-0. 282,-0. 156; P <0. 01)。结论:膀胱癌术后尿路感染可能与造成TGF-β1/Smads信号通路异常改变,这可能与患者的血清炎症介质升高相关,可能会对患者的预后造成不良影响。

Development of a model to simulate soil heavy metals lateral migration quantity based on SWAT in Huanjiang watershed,China

Lateral transportation of soil heavy metals in rainfall events could significantly increase the scope of pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a model with high accuracy to simulate the migration quantity of heavy metals. A model for heavy metal migration simulation was developed based on the SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model. This model took into consideration the influence of soil p H value, soil particle size, runoff volume, sediment amount,concentration of water-soluble heavy metals dissolved in runoff and insoluble absorbed to the soil particles. This model was reasonable in Huanjiang watershed, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, south China, covering an area of 273 km^2. The optimal drainage area threshold was determined by analyzing the effects of watershed subdivision on the simulation results to ensure the simulation accuracy. The main conclusions of this paper were:(1) watershed subdivision could affect simulation migration quantity of heavy metals;(2) the quantity of heavy metals transported by sediment accounted for 97%–99% of the total migration quantity in the study watershed. Therefore, sediment played the most important role in heavy metal migration;(3) the optimal drainage area threshold percentage to ensure high simulation accuracy was determined to be 2.01% of the total watershed;(4) with the optimal threshold percentage, this model could simulate the migration quantity of As, Pb and Cd accurately at the total watershed and subwatershed level. The results of this paper were useful for identifying the key regions with heavy metal migration.

Evaluation of aquatic rehabilitation technologies for polluted urban rivers and the case study of the Foshan Channel

An index system for evaluation of technologies for urban river rehabilitation was proposed and discussed.The index system includes indicators of cost,resources,environmental improvement,and social effects.The calculation method for an objective value of each index based on its attributes and weights was presented.The Foshan Channel,which is a seriously polluted,black and malodorous urban river in Foshan City,China,was selected as a case study.The values of the attributes and the weights of the indices for the Foshan Channel were determined.The technologies for the rehabilitation of the Foshan Channel were evaluated based on this index system.Finally,a rehabilitation scheme for the Foshan Channel was proposed.

Effect of compression deformation on precipitation phase behavior of B-containing S31254 super austenitic stainless steel

Effects of compression deformation on the sigma-phase precipitation behavior of B-containing S31254 stainless steel after solution treatment were studied using the Gleeble compression test. The cold and hot processing characteristics of B-containing S31254 stainless steel were evaluated, and the results show that the speed of compression deformation increased the precipitation rate of the sigma phase, and the location of precipitation extended from the austenite grain boundary to the original hot rolling deformation area. During cold deformation at room temperature, the precipitation rate increased when the deformation reached at 40%. Deformation at 950℃ affected precipitation more obviously. At 1074 ℃, when the deformation reached 20%, the precipitated phases started increasing, and above this deformation range, precipitation began decreasing. Also, at 1074℃ the deformation accelerated the precipitation of sigma phase;but with deformation, there was a change in critical temperature for the sigma-phase excursion. The precipitation position of the sigma phase is strongly related to the area of the original hot rolling deformation. With an increase in the deformation amount, precipitates in this region appeared as coarse-grained, skeletal, and network-like features.

一种基于稀疏系数匹配学习的图像去雾算法

针对现有基于先验假设的图像去雾算法无法普适性求解问题,提出一种基于稀疏系数匹配学习的图像去雾算法.该算法从图像复原角度出发,将雾天退化模型的求解转换为基于数据库的稀疏系数匹配.之后,从图像增强角度着手,将图像高亮区域对比度恢复量化为反馈迭代问题,进而有效提升图像的视觉效果.实验结果表明,所提出的算法在获得较好去雾结果的同时能够有效提升图像细节和对比度,并具有较强的适用性.

Surface adsorption and diffusion of N on γ-Fe-Al (111) using first principles calculations

The adsorption and diffusion of N on γ-Fe-Al (111) surface have been investigated using the first principle calculations combined with density functional theory to explore the formation mechanism of AlN in the oxidation process of austenitic stainless steel. The results indicate that the most preferential adsorption site of N on the surface of γ-Fe (111) is fcc-hollow site. In addition, the stable positions are located at fcc adsorption site on clean and Al-doped γ-Fe (111) surface adsorbed 4.76 at.% N. Compared with the pure Fe system,γ-Fe-Al (111) system reduces the energy difference of N from the surface to the bulk. The system is most stable for 9.09 at.% N adsorbed on the octahedral interstice of the 2nd and 3rd atom interlamination of γ-Fe-Al (111) surface. Thus, the doping of Al makes it easier to spread N on the surface of γ-Fe (111). The increase in N in the atmosphere also accelerates the diffusion. Moreover, according to the density of states analysis, the interaction between Al and N was enhanced when 9.09 at.% N was adsorbed on the surface of γ-Fe-Al (111).

Effects of different alloying elements M(M=Fe,Ni,Mn,Si,Mo,Cu,Y)on Cr_(2)0_(3)with Cl:a first-principles study

Using the first-principles methods,the effects of different alloying elements M(M=Fe,Ni,Mn,Si,Mo,Cu,Y)on Cr_(2)0_(3)with Cl adsorption are studied.The results show that the layer distance of all doped models has been widened to different degrees with Cl adsorption.When Mo or Y is doped into the passive film,the difference of layer distance is reduced to a certain extent.The interaction between alloying elements and Cl is studied by calculating the adsorption height,bond population and electron density difference.The results show that Mo and Y can inhibit Cl erosion and improve the corrosion resistance of passive film.Furthermore,we investigate the CrMoFe and CrMoY co-doped system with Cl adsorption.The calculations point out that when Mo and Y are doped together in the passive film,the corrosion resistance of the system is more prominent than that of CrMo,CrY and CrMoFe co-doping systems.

Direct chemical vapor deposition growth of graphene on Ni particles using solid carbon sources

Graphene has attained a considerable amount of popularity as an attractive ultra-thin reinforcement for nickel(Ni)matrix composites in recent years.However,its excellent reinforcement efficiency is suffered from the agglomeration of graphene nanosheets in manufacturing process and the poor bonding strength of graphene with Ni matrix.To overcome these two problems,one of the efficient strategies is to in-situ grow graphene reinforcements on Ni particles for powder metallurgy.This work aims to synthesize uniform graphene@Ni composite particles by using polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)as the solid sources for chemical vapor deposition(CVD)process.The results demonstrate that few-layer or multilayer graphene with different morphologies can be grown on the particles by controlling the PMMA content and annealed temperature,respectively.The optimum condition for the formation of high-quality few-layer graphene is 1.0 mg·ml^(-1) PMMA and 900℃.A competition mechanism rises from the growth kinetic,and the spatial confinement effect has led to the formation of graphene with different microstructures and morphologies.