Ginkgo biloba(ginkgo)leaves have medicinal value due to their high levels of secondary metabolites,such as flavonoids.We found that the flavonoid content in ginkgo leaves increases significantly at high altitudes(Qing...Ginkgo biloba(ginkgo)leaves have medicinal value due to their high levels of secondary metabolites,such as flavonoids.We found that the flavonoid content in ginkgo leaves increases significantly at high altitudes(Qinghai-Tibet Plateau).Considering that high UV-B radiation is among the key environmental characteristics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,we carried out simulated UV-B treatments on ginkgo seedlings and found that the flavonoid content of the leaves increased significantly following the treatments.Combined with results from our previous studies,we determined that the transcription factor GbHY5 may play a key role in responses to UV-B radiation.Overexpression of GbHY5 significantly promoted the accumulation of flavonoids in both ginkgo callus and Arabidopsis thaliana.Furthermore,yeast two-hybrid and real-time quantitative PCR showed that GbHY5 promoted the expression of GbMYB1 by interacting with GbMYB1 protein.Overexpression of GbMYB1 in ginkgo callus and A.thaliana also significantly promoted flavonoid biosynthesis.GbFLS encodes a key enzyme in flavonoid biosynthesis,and its promoter has binding elements of GbHY5 and GbMYB1.A dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that while GbHY5 and GbMYB1 activated the expression of GbFLS individually,their co-expression achieved greater activation.Our analyses reveal the molecular mechanisms by which the UV-B-induced GbHY5-GbMYB1-GbFLS module promotes flavonoid biosynthesis in ginkgo,and they provide insight into the use of UV-B radiation to enhance the flavonoid content of ginkgo leaves.展开更多
Functional carbonaceous materials for supercapacitors(SCs)without using acid for post-treatment remain a substantial challenge.In this paper,we present a less harmful strategy for preparing three-dimensional(3D)N,O-co...Functional carbonaceous materials for supercapacitors(SCs)without using acid for post-treatment remain a substantial challenge.In this paper,we present a less harmful strategy for preparing three-dimensional(3D)N,O-codoped egg-box-like carbons(EBCs).The as-prepared EBCs with opened pores provide plentiful channels for ion fast transport,ensure the e ective contact of EBCs electrodes and electrolytes,and enhance the electron conduction.The nitrogen and oxygen atoms doped in EBCs improve the surface wettability of EBC electrodes and provide the pseudocapacitance.Consequently,the EBCs display a prominent areal capacitance of 39.8μF cm-2(340 F g-1)at 0.106 m A cm-2 in 6 M KOH electrolyte.The EBC-based symmetric SC manifests a high areal capacitance to 27.6μF cm-2(236 F g-1)at 0.1075 m A cm-2,a good rate capability of 18.8μF cm-2(160 F g-1)at 215 m A cm-2 and a long-term cycle stability with only 1.9%decay after 50,000 cycles in aqueous electrolyte.Impressively,even in all-solid-state SC,EBC electrode shows a high areal capacitance of 25.0μF cm-2(214 F g-1)and energy density of 0.0233 m Wh cm-2.This work provides an acid-free process to prepare electrode materials from industrial by-products for advanced energy storage devices.展开更多
INTRODUCTIONEndothelins(ETs) has a potent and sustainedvasoconstrictive effect on a variety of blood vessels.The vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)is thetarget for ETs.VSMC of the whole body containsendothelin recepto...INTRODUCTIONEndothelins(ETs) has a potent and sustainedvasoconstrictive effect on a variety of blood vessels.The vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)is thetarget for ETs.VSMC of the whole body containsendothelin receptor (ETR).A great number ofexperiments have shown that three distinctcomplementary DNAs of ETR have been identifiedi.e.,endothelin A receptor(ET_A receptor),endothelin B receptor(ET_B receptor)展开更多
Consensus theory and noncooperative game theory respectively deal with cooperative and noncooperative interactions among multiple players/agents. They provide a natural framework for road pricing design, since each mo...Consensus theory and noncooperative game theory respectively deal with cooperative and noncooperative interactions among multiple players/agents. They provide a natural framework for road pricing design, since each motorist may myopically optimize his or her own utility as a function of road price and collectively communicate with his or her friends and neighbors on traffic situation at the same time. This paper considers the road pricing design by using game theory and consensus theory. For the case where a system supervisor broadcasts information on the overall system to each agent, we present a variant of standard fictitious play called average strategy fictitious play(ASFP) for large-scale repeated congestion games.Only a weighted running average of all other players actions is assumed to be available to each player. The ASFP reduces the burden of both information gathering and information processing for each player. Compared to the joint strategy fictitious play(JSFP) studied in the literature, the updating process of utility functions for each player is avoided. We prove that there exists at least one pure strategy Nash equilibrium for the congestion game under investigation, and the players actions generated by the ASFP with inertia(players reluctance to change their previous actions) converge to a Nash equilibrium almost surely. For the case without broadcasting, a consensus protocol is introduced for individual agents to estimate the percentage of players choosing each resource, and the convergence property of players action profile is still ensured. The results are applied to road pricing design to achieve socially local optimal trip timing. Simulation results are provided based on the real traffic data for the Singapore case study.展开更多
Neurotrophic factors are growth factors that can nourish neurons and promote neuron survival and regeneration. Dental origin mesenchymal stem cells express various neurotrophic factors during tooth development and the...Neurotrophic factors are growth factors that can nourish neurons and promote neuron survival and regeneration. Dental origin mesenchymal stem cells express various neurotrophic factors during tooth development and the expression level changes during cell differentiation.展开更多
Neurotrophic factors,also referred as neurotrophins,are growth factors originally identified in the nervous system.As indicated by the name,neurotrophic factors are essential for the survival and development of neuron...Neurotrophic factors,also referred as neurotrophins,are growth factors originally identified in the nervous system.As indicated by the name,neurotrophic factors are essential for the survival and development of neurons.Nerve growth factor（NGF）is the first identified neurotrophic factor.展开更多
BACKGROUND Extramedullary plasmacytoma(EMP)of the gastrointestinal tract is an extremely rare disease.Clinical manifestations of EMPs are varied and depend on the location and progression of the tumor.CASE SUMMARY Her...BACKGROUND Extramedullary plasmacytoma(EMP)of the gastrointestinal tract is an extremely rare disease.Clinical manifestations of EMPs are varied and depend on the location and progression of the tumor.CASE SUMMARY Here,we firstly report a case of intestinal perforation with abdominal abscess caused by EMP of the small intestine in a 55-year-old female patient.The patient received emergency surgery immediately after the necessary preoperative procedures.During the operation,EMP was found to have caused the perforation of the small intestine and the formation of multiple abscesses in the abdominal cavity.Partial resection of the small intestine with peritoneal irrigation and drainage was performed.EMP was finally confirmed by postoperative histopathology and laboratory tests.Additionally,we performed a literature review of gastrointestinal EMP to obtain a deeper understanding of this disease.CONCLUSION EMP of the small intestine may have spontaneous perforation,which requires emergency surgery.Surgical resection can obtain good therapeutic effects.展开更多
A large variety of therapeutic products have been developed as vaccines or treatments of COVID-19 infection. Meanwhile SARS-CoV-2 continues to mutate and spread. The severe COVID-19 patients have limited treatment opt...A large variety of therapeutic products have been developed as vaccines or treatments of COVID-19 infection. Meanwhile SARS-CoV-2 continues to mutate and spread. The severe COVID-19 patients have limited treatment options. Therefore, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are proposed as another therapeutic target. They are known for their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. They showed potent efficacy and safety abilities for the treatment of critical COVID-19 patients and intriguing benefits in reducing lungs damage, mortality, and cytokine storm in several clinical studies. Another promising treatment option is the use of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to combat SARS-CoV-2, despite the fact that detailed therapeutic strategies and mechanisms are still lacking. In this review we shed light on the immune response against COVID-19 infection and the relevant knowledge considering the role of MSCs in innate and adaptive immune responses to better understand the immune-physiological mechanisms of MSCs treatment. Lastly, we summarize the latest progress in clinical and research studies suggesting potential MSCs/DPSCs as therapeutic targets in battling COVID-19.展开更多
To the Editor:It is well-known that bronchiectasis with non-tuberculous mycobacterial(NTM)infection,commonly reported in female never-smokers,is termed as Lady Windermere syndrome(LWS).The concept of LWS was first pro...To the Editor:It is well-known that bronchiectasis with non-tuberculous mycobacterial(NTM)infection,commonly reported in female never-smokers,is termed as Lady Windermere syndrome(LWS).The concept of LWS was first proposed in 1992.[1]Polite and graceful women without previous lung disease might have the habit of voluntary cough suppression,which is responsible for lung infections,especially bronchial dilation in the middle lobe and lingular segment combined with Mycobacterium avium complex(MAC)infection.In clinical practice,we found that bronchiectasis with pulmonary nocardiosis also more frequently occurs in middle-aged and elderly women without history of smoking,and its microbial characteristics,clinical presentations,and radiographic findings are highly analogous to those of LWS.In this research,we retrospectively analyzed data of patients with bronchiectasis with NTM and bronchiectasis complicated with Nocardia infection who were admitted to our hospital in recent years,and studied their similarities and differences in clinical characteristics.展开更多
1INTRODUCTION China is still at a high risk of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection and has a large number of inactive HBV carriers(ICs)[1].Chronic hepatitis B viral infection is a global problem,which commonly progresses ...1INTRODUCTION China is still at a high risk of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection and has a large number of inactive HBV carriers(ICs)[1].Chronic hepatitis B viral infection is a global problem,which commonly progresses to liver cirrhosis[2],hepatocellular carcinoma[3],and liver diseaserelated death[4].展开更多
Chronic prostatitis can affect the sperm＇s quality. Previous studies have shown that transrectal microwave thermotherapy （TRMT） results in symptomatic relief in patients with chronic prostatitis, but the effects on...Chronic prostatitis can affect the sperm＇s quality. Previous studies have shown that transrectal microwave thermotherapy （TRMT） results in symptomatic relief in patients with chronic prostatitis, but the effects on sperm have not been carefully investigated. This study evaluates the impact of TRMT on the relief or decrease of symptoms and quality of sperm when used to treat patients with chronic nonbacterial prostatitis. Sixty patients were enrolled in the study. TRMT treatment was administered over 5 days, 1 h per day. Semen examination was carried out pretreatment and immediately at the conclusion of the 5-day treatment. Also, it was repeated 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months later. The treatment＇s symptom relief efficacy was evaluated using the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index （NIH-CPSI）. After the treatment, the overall NIH-CPSI scores were lower compared to those of pretreatment. In addition, the white blood cells and lecithin in expressed prostatic secretion were normal after the treatment. The sperm count was decreased by 23.8% 3 months after the treatment, sperm motility was reduced by 10.3% immediately after treatment, and sperm deformity was increased by 17.2%. The sperm volume and PH were not affected. However, the sperm quality recovered after treatment and the malformation rate was also lower at 6 months after treatment. TRMT is a favorable and safe treatment option for patients with nonbacterial chronic prostatitis. It could relieve the patient＇s symptoms and impact on sperm quality in the short-term.展开更多
Spirothiopyran(STP)is particularly attractive when used as a mechanophore to endow polymers with both damage-signaling and.self-reinforcing capacity.It is,however,not clear the actual force required to induce the cycl...Spirothiopyran(STP)is particularly attractive when used as a mechanophore to endow polymers with both damage-signaling and.self-reinforcing capacity.It is,however,not clear the actual force required to induce the cycloreversion of STP into ring-opened thiomerocyanine(TMC),which reacts spontaneously with activated C=C bonds.Here,we used atomic force microscopy(AFM)-based single molecule force spectroscopy(SMFS)to study the mechanochemistry of STP mechanophore.It is found that the ring-opening of STP at room temperature requires forces of-200-400 pN,depending on the pulling speed.In addition,the reversibility of STP to TMC isomerization is demonstrated.Finally,mechanochemically induced intermolecular Click addition is achieved in single'molecule level by pulling STP in the presence of maleimide.展开更多
基金This project was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.31871408,32001341 and 31971686)Central Financial Projects of Forestry Sci-Tech Promotion(SU[2022]TG09)the Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund(grant no.CX(21)3047).
文摘Ginkgo biloba(ginkgo)leaves have medicinal value due to their high levels of secondary metabolites,such as flavonoids.We found that the flavonoid content in ginkgo leaves increases significantly at high altitudes(Qinghai-Tibet Plateau).Considering that high UV-B radiation is among the key environmental characteristics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,we carried out simulated UV-B treatments on ginkgo seedlings and found that the flavonoid content of the leaves increased significantly following the treatments.Combined with results from our previous studies,we determined that the transcription factor GbHY5 may play a key role in responses to UV-B radiation.Overexpression of GbHY5 significantly promoted the accumulation of flavonoids in both ginkgo callus and Arabidopsis thaliana.Furthermore,yeast two-hybrid and real-time quantitative PCR showed that GbHY5 promoted the expression of GbMYB1 by interacting with GbMYB1 protein.Overexpression of GbMYB1 in ginkgo callus and A.thaliana also significantly promoted flavonoid biosynthesis.GbFLS encodes a key enzyme in flavonoid biosynthesis,and its promoter has binding elements of GbHY5 and GbMYB1.A dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that while GbHY5 and GbMYB1 activated the expression of GbFLS individually,their co-expression achieved greater activation.Our analyses reveal the molecular mechanisms by which the UV-B-induced GbHY5-GbMYB1-GbFLS module promotes flavonoid biosynthesis in ginkgo,and they provide insight into the use of UV-B radiation to enhance the flavonoid content of ginkgo leaves.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51572295,21273285 and 21003157)Beijing Nova Program(2008B76)Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(KYJJ2012-06-20 and 2462016YXBS05)~~
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51572295,21273285,21003157)the Beijing Nova Program(2008B76)the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum Beijing(KYJJ2012-06-20 and 2462016YXBS05)~~
基金the funding support of this work by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1710116,U1508201 and 51872005).
文摘Functional carbonaceous materials for supercapacitors(SCs)without using acid for post-treatment remain a substantial challenge.In this paper,we present a less harmful strategy for preparing three-dimensional(3D)N,O-codoped egg-box-like carbons(EBCs).The as-prepared EBCs with opened pores provide plentiful channels for ion fast transport,ensure the e ective contact of EBCs electrodes and electrolytes,and enhance the electron conduction.The nitrogen and oxygen atoms doped in EBCs improve the surface wettability of EBC electrodes and provide the pseudocapacitance.Consequently,the EBCs display a prominent areal capacitance of 39.8μF cm-2(340 F g-1)at 0.106 m A cm-2 in 6 M KOH electrolyte.The EBC-based symmetric SC manifests a high areal capacitance to 27.6μF cm-2(236 F g-1)at 0.1075 m A cm-2,a good rate capability of 18.8μF cm-2(160 F g-1)at 215 m A cm-2 and a long-term cycle stability with only 1.9%decay after 50,000 cycles in aqueous electrolyte.Impressively,even in all-solid-state SC,EBC electrode shows a high areal capacitance of 25.0μF cm-2(214 F g-1)and energy density of 0.0233 m Wh cm-2.This work provides an acid-free process to prepare electrode materials from industrial by-products for advanced energy storage devices.
文摘INTRODUCTIONEndothelins(ETs) has a potent and sustainedvasoconstrictive effect on a variety of blood vessels.The vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)is thetarget for ETs.VSMC of the whole body containsendothelin receptor (ETR).A great number ofexperiments have shown that three distinctcomplementary DNAs of ETR have been identifiedi.e.,endothelin A receptor(ET_A receptor),endothelin B receptor(ET_B receptor)
文摘Consensus theory and noncooperative game theory respectively deal with cooperative and noncooperative interactions among multiple players/agents. They provide a natural framework for road pricing design, since each motorist may myopically optimize his or her own utility as a function of road price and collectively communicate with his or her friends and neighbors on traffic situation at the same time. This paper considers the road pricing design by using game theory and consensus theory. For the case where a system supervisor broadcasts information on the overall system to each agent, we present a variant of standard fictitious play called average strategy fictitious play(ASFP) for large-scale repeated congestion games.Only a weighted running average of all other players actions is assumed to be available to each player. The ASFP reduces the burden of both information gathering and information processing for each player. Compared to the joint strategy fictitious play(JSFP) studied in the literature, the updating process of utility functions for each player is avoided. We prove that there exists at least one pure strategy Nash equilibrium for the congestion game under investigation, and the players actions generated by the ASFP with inertia(players reluctance to change their previous actions) converge to a Nash equilibrium almost surely. For the case without broadcasting, a consensus protocol is introduced for individual agents to estimate the percentage of players choosing each resource, and the convergence property of players action profile is still ensured. The results are applied to road pricing design to achieve socially local optimal trip timing. Simulation results are provided based on the real traffic data for the Singapore case study.
文摘Neurotrophic factors are growth factors that can nourish neurons and promote neuron survival and regeneration. Dental origin mesenchymal stem cells express various neurotrophic factors during tooth development and the expression level changes during cell differentiation.
文摘Neurotrophic factors,also referred as neurotrophins,are growth factors originally identified in the nervous system.As indicated by the name,neurotrophic factors are essential for the survival and development of neurons.Nerve growth factor（NGF）is the first identified neurotrophic factor.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Education Department of Liaoning Province,No.QNZR2020008.
文摘BACKGROUND Extramedullary plasmacytoma(EMP)of the gastrointestinal tract is an extremely rare disease.Clinical manifestations of EMPs are varied and depend on the location and progression of the tumor.CASE SUMMARY Here,we firstly report a case of intestinal perforation with abdominal abscess caused by EMP of the small intestine in a 55-year-old female patient.The patient received emergency surgery immediately after the necessary preoperative procedures.During the operation,EMP was found to have caused the perforation of the small intestine and the formation of multiple abscesses in the abdominal cavity.Partial resection of the small intestine with peritoneal irrigation and drainage was performed.EMP was finally confirmed by postoperative histopathology and laboratory tests.Additionally,we performed a literature review of gastrointestinal EMP to obtain a deeper understanding of this disease.CONCLUSION EMP of the small intestine may have spontaneous perforation,which requires emergency surgery.Surgical resection can obtain good therapeutic effects.
文摘A large variety of therapeutic products have been developed as vaccines or treatments of COVID-19 infection. Meanwhile SARS-CoV-2 continues to mutate and spread. The severe COVID-19 patients have limited treatment options. Therefore, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are proposed as another therapeutic target. They are known for their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. They showed potent efficacy and safety abilities for the treatment of critical COVID-19 patients and intriguing benefits in reducing lungs damage, mortality, and cytokine storm in several clinical studies. Another promising treatment option is the use of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to combat SARS-CoV-2, despite the fact that detailed therapeutic strategies and mechanisms are still lacking. In this review we shed light on the immune response against COVID-19 infection and the relevant knowledge considering the role of MSCs in innate and adaptive immune responses to better understand the immune-physiological mechanisms of MSCs treatment. Lastly, we summarize the latest progress in clinical and research studies suggesting potential MSCs/DPSCs as therapeutic targets in battling COVID-19.
文摘To the Editor:It is well-known that bronchiectasis with non-tuberculous mycobacterial(NTM)infection,commonly reported in female never-smokers,is termed as Lady Windermere syndrome(LWS).The concept of LWS was first proposed in 1992.[1]Polite and graceful women without previous lung disease might have the habit of voluntary cough suppression,which is responsible for lung infections,especially bronchial dilation in the middle lobe and lingular segment combined with Mycobacterium avium complex(MAC)infection.In clinical practice,we found that bronchiectasis with pulmonary nocardiosis also more frequently occurs in middle-aged and elderly women without history of smoking,and its microbial characteristics,clinical presentations,and radiographic findings are highly analogous to those of LWS.In this research,we retrospectively analyzed data of patients with bronchiectasis with NTM and bronchiectasis complicated with Nocardia infection who were admitted to our hospital in recent years,and studied their similarities and differences in clinical characteristics.
基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Numbers:2022M711486,2022M721473The Top Talent Support Program for Young and Middle-Aged People from Wuxi Health Committee,Grant/Award Numbers:BJ2020091,BJ2020093Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province,Grant/Award Numbers:2021A1515110831,2022A1515111163。
文摘1INTRODUCTION China is still at a high risk of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection and has a large number of inactive HBV carriers(ICs)[1].Chronic hepatitis B viral infection is a global problem,which commonly progresses to liver cirrhosis[2],hepatocellular carcinoma[3],and liver diseaserelated death[4].
文摘Chronic prostatitis can affect the sperm＇s quality. Previous studies have shown that transrectal microwave thermotherapy （TRMT） results in symptomatic relief in patients with chronic prostatitis, but the effects on sperm have not been carefully investigated. This study evaluates the impact of TRMT on the relief or decrease of symptoms and quality of sperm when used to treat patients with chronic nonbacterial prostatitis. Sixty patients were enrolled in the study. TRMT treatment was administered over 5 days, 1 h per day. Semen examination was carried out pretreatment and immediately at the conclusion of the 5-day treatment. Also, it was repeated 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months later. The treatment＇s symptom relief efficacy was evaluated using the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index （NIH-CPSI）. After the treatment, the overall NIH-CPSI scores were lower compared to those of pretreatment. In addition, the white blood cells and lecithin in expressed prostatic secretion were normal after the treatment. The sperm count was decreased by 23.8% 3 months after the treatment, sperm motility was reduced by 10.3% immediately after treatment, and sperm deformity was increased by 17.2%. The sperm volume and PH were not affected. However, the sperm quality recovered after treatment and the malformation rate was also lower at 6 months after treatment. TRMT is a favorable and safe treatment option for patients with nonbacterial chronic prostatitis. It could relieve the patient＇s symptoms and impact on sperm quality in the short-term.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China((Nos.21525418 and 21827805)(W.Z.),(Nos.21774106 and 21574108)(W.W.)).
文摘Spirothiopyran(STP)is particularly attractive when used as a mechanophore to endow polymers with both damage-signaling and.self-reinforcing capacity.It is,however,not clear the actual force required to induce the cycloreversion of STP into ring-opened thiomerocyanine(TMC),which reacts spontaneously with activated C=C bonds.Here,we used atomic force microscopy(AFM)-based single molecule force spectroscopy(SMFS)to study the mechanochemistry of STP mechanophore.It is found that the ring-opening of STP at room temperature requires forces of-200-400 pN,depending on the pulling speed.In addition,the reversibility of STP to TMC isomerization is demonstrated.Finally,mechanochemically induced intermolecular Click addition is achieved in single'molecule level by pulling STP in the presence of maleimide.
