Efficacious anti-cancer property of flavonoids from citrus peels

Cancer is one of the two leading human fatal diseases.Drug development for cancer intervention has progressed well in past decades yet existing drugs face many limitations in applications and effectiveness and are often associated with serious of side effects,which can further deteriorate the patients’quality of life.Recent development of natural product based and therapeutically sound anti-cancer agents have gained popularity in the field of functional foods,in which a few have demonstrated efficacy and minimal toxicity toward the prevention and treatment of carcinogenesis.With multiple active molecular components,citrus peels and derived extracts have demonstrated potent efficacious properties against various cancers due in large part to the rich content of flavonoids present in citrus peels.This review summarizes the results of currently available data regarding the in vivo anti-cancer activity of citrus peel flavonoids,and identifies opportunities for subsequent human clinical trials to assess preventive and therapeutic effects in the near future.

毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体的鼻黏膜效应

副交感神经参与鼻黏膜腺体和血管的功能调节。当各种异物、细菌、病毒或真菌侵入机体时,鼻黏膜微环境发生改变,这种变化刺激副交感神经释放乙酰胆碱。后者与调节鼻腺体和血管的毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体(M-ChR)结合,导致鼻炎流涕和鼻塞。这种整体调节反射对下呼吸道起重要的防御性保护作用。目前发现五种M-ChR亚型(M1-至M5-ChR),鼻黏膜有M1-至M3-ChR亚型。高密度的M1-和M3-ChR共存于黏膜下腺黏液和浆液细胞,M3-ChR主要分布于血管。M-ChR对鼻腺体和血管的直接调节作用是通过细胞内腺苷酸环化酶和磷酯酶C激活。