The restrictive, stereotyped behavior in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is considered to be related to deficits in execu- tive function. In particular, cognitive shifting in executive function is deeply related to ste...The restrictive, stereotyped behavior in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is considered to be related to deficits in execu- tive function. In particular, cognitive shifting in executive function is deeply related to stereotyped behavior in ASD. Previous investigations have clarified that the lateral prefrontal cortex is involved in cognitive shifting when flexible changes in attention were needed. However, a few studies have revealed a direct association between cognitive shifting tasks and lateral prefrontal cortex activity in children with ASD. We examined cognitive shifting in 7- to 12-year-old children with ASD and typically developing children using the dimensional change card sort task. In addition, using near-infrared spectroscopy, we examined prefrontal brain activity in conjunction with cognitive shifting. The autistic children provided fewer correct answers and slower reaction times in the task than typically developing children. Fur- thermore, the autistic children displayed a decline in right lateral prefrontal cortex activity during the task compared with typically developing children. In addition, a negative correlation was observed between the severity of autism and brain activity during the task. These results suggest that the activity and physiological indices used in this study may be useful for identifying the symptoms of ASD and discriminating ASD from other disabilities.展开更多
Main text Alzheimer’s disease(AD),the most prevalent form of dementia,is characterized by deposits of two abnormal proteins,namely amyloid-β(Aβ)and tau,in the brain.There is growing evidence for the clinical signif...Main text Alzheimer’s disease(AD),the most prevalent form of dementia,is characterized by deposits of two abnormal proteins,namely amyloid-β(Aβ)and tau,in the brain.There is growing evidence for the clinical significance of plasma phosphorylated tau(p-tau)assays in detecting AD pathology[1,2],similar to CSF and positron emission tomography(PET)biomarkers.Currently available immunoassays for plasma p-tau detect C-terminally truncated p-tau containing the N-terminus to the mid-domain(N-p-tau)[2].展开更多
文摘The restrictive, stereotyped behavior in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is considered to be related to deficits in execu- tive function. In particular, cognitive shifting in executive function is deeply related to stereotyped behavior in ASD. Previous investigations have clarified that the lateral prefrontal cortex is involved in cognitive shifting when flexible changes in attention were needed. However, a few studies have revealed a direct association between cognitive shifting tasks and lateral prefrontal cortex activity in children with ASD. We examined cognitive shifting in 7- to 12-year-old children with ASD and typically developing children using the dimensional change card sort task. In addition, using near-infrared spectroscopy, we examined prefrontal brain activity in conjunction with cognitive shifting. The autistic children provided fewer correct answers and slower reaction times in the task than typically developing children. Fur- thermore, the autistic children displayed a decline in right lateral prefrontal cortex activity during the task compared with typically developing children. In addition, a negative correlation was observed between the severity of autism and brain activity during the task. These results suggest that the activity and physiological indices used in this study may be useful for identifying the symptoms of ASD and discriminating ASD from other disabilities.
基金supported in part by AMED under Grant Numbers JP18dm0207018,JP19dm0207072,JP18dk0207026,JP19dk0207049,21wm0425015,21dm0307003,22dk0207055MEXT KAKENHI under Grant Numbers JP16H05324 and JP18K07543+1 种基金JST under Grant Numbers JPMJCR1652 and JPMJMS2024the Kao Research Council for the Study of Healthcare Science,Biogen Idec Inc.and APRINOIA Therapeutics.
文摘Main text Alzheimer’s disease(AD),the most prevalent form of dementia,is characterized by deposits of two abnormal proteins,namely amyloid-β(Aβ)and tau,in the brain.There is growing evidence for the clinical significance of plasma phosphorylated tau(p-tau)assays in detecting AD pathology[1,2],similar to CSF and positron emission tomography(PET)biomarkers.Currently available immunoassays for plasma p-tau detect C-terminally truncated p-tau containing the N-terminus to the mid-domain(N-p-tau)[2].
