Neurological diseases and the neuroinflammatory response:Neurological diseases are usually accompanied by dramatic changes in the tissue homeostasis,inducing a neuroinflammatory environment that leads to the progressi...Neurological diseases and the neuroinflammatory response:Neurological diseases are usually accompanied by dramatic changes in the tissue homeostasis,inducing a neuroinflammatory environment that leads to the progressive activation of central nervous system(CNS)resident cells,and in展开更多
Microglia are the resident immune cells in the brain and maintain homeostasis and functionality of this tissue. These cells are key producers of immune mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines, are critical for nor...Microglia are the resident immune cells in the brain and maintain homeostasis and functionality of this tissue. These cells are key producers of immune mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines, are critical for normal brain development, and affect neurogenesis, axonal migration, synapse formation and function, and programmed cell death, among others. Sex differences exist in many of these processes throughout brain development up to adulthood and the aged brain. In the last few years, sex differences in microglia responses, brain colonization, and number and morphology within the developing brain have drawn the attention of researchers as a potential explanation to the sex differences in the brain and due to their potential relevance in the incidence, prevalence, and outcome of many neurological disorders. In this review, we summarize the sex differences of microglial cell functions and their potential relevance in physiological as well as pathological conditions in the brain.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(SAF2009-11257)the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity(SAF2012-40126)grants PI2008/19 and PI2009/51 from the FISCAM-Castilla-La Mancha Community
文摘Neurological diseases and the neuroinflammatory response:Neurological diseases are usually accompanied by dramatic changes in the tissue homeostasis,inducing a neuroinflammatory environment that leads to the progressive activation of central nervous system(CNS)resident cells,and in
文摘Microglia are the resident immune cells in the brain and maintain homeostasis and functionality of this tissue. These cells are key producers of immune mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines, are critical for normal brain development, and affect neurogenesis, axonal migration, synapse formation and function, and programmed cell death, among others. Sex differences exist in many of these processes throughout brain development up to adulthood and the aged brain. In the last few years, sex differences in microglia responses, brain colonization, and number and morphology within the developing brain have drawn the attention of researchers as a potential explanation to the sex differences in the brain and due to their potential relevance in the incidence, prevalence, and outcome of many neurological disorders. In this review, we summarize the sex differences of microglial cell functions and their potential relevance in physiological as well as pathological conditions in the brain.
