浸入式水口渣线ZrO2-C材料的侵蚀机制？

通过观察损毁样品的侵蚀和渗透情况,研究浇铸TRIP钢时保护渣对ZrO2-C渣线材料的侵蚀机制。ZrO2及其稳定剂CaO的侵蚀溶解是渣线材料侵蚀的决定因素。氧化是石墨损毁的主要方式,石墨在钢水里的溶解对其损毁不起重要作用。ZrO2溶解量和石墨氧化量的比值随着热面到钢水垂直距离的减少而减少。然而,与其他炼钢用碳结合耐火材料不同,在本研究的特殊情况下,石墨被保护渣浸润,它仍然充当耐火成分,但仅部分作为抗渣渗透剂。渣渗透后,ZrO2开始被侵蚀,降低了抗渣侵蚀性,然而渣中成分的气相传输可能导致CaO在未渗透区域脱溶。

Main Wear Mechanisms of SEN Slag Band Materials

This paper summarizes experimental approaches and simulation results in order to establish a general proposition regarding SEN wear mechanisms.Marangoni convection is considered to be a major contribution to continuous SEN wear,usually causing characteristic corrosion grooves.It is governed by the interface tension gradient in the vicinity of the three phase boundary slag/refractory/steel.This interface tension gradient is caused by a lower activity of the oxygen dissolved in the steel close to the refractory/steel interface.This is due to the reducing action of the solid carbon,which is a component of the refractory.By a simulation model using the Effective Equilibrium Reaction Zone technique a calculation of the interface tension differenceΔσwas performed.While for an LC steel and the related slag a valueΔσ=150mN/m was received,this quantity is negligible in the case of a TRIP steel.Accordingly,also the wear is much less for the TRIP steel.Marangoni convection is decisive for the mass transfer at the refractory/slag interface.Here dissolution of zirconia,but also oxidation of carbon takes place.For the latter one,the above mentioned simulation showed that reduction of silica in the mold slag takes place at the three phase boundary slag/refractory/steel by solid carbon,as the activity of silicon is reduced by dissolution in the liquid steel.This is the main source of oxygen for carbon oxidation at the three phase boundary.Therefore the three phase boundary is the focus of SEN wear：It unites intense bath movement due to Marangoni convection,oxidation of carbon by SiO_2reduction and zirconia erosion and dissolution into the melt.Within the refractory itself,a thin layer of several millimetres shows reactions with slag components.This causes especially destabilisation of stabilised zirconia and prepares later erosive wear.Steel does not penetrate into the SEN microstructure,carbon dissolution is only possible at the steel/refractory interface.The results quoted here enable justified expectations about the SEN wear in dependence on the steel/slag grade.Further simulation offers the possibility to quantify the effect of parameter variations on SEN wear.

High-temperature investigation of mould slag crystallization by single and double hot thermocouple techniques

Methods for the characterization of mould slag crystallization with special emphasis on the single/double hot thermocouple technique(SHTT/DHTT)are reviewed.In the continuous casting process of steels,horizontal heat transfer is mainly influenced by the crystallization behaviour of the mould flux film.Here,both precipitation of crystals out of a liquid phase and devitrification of the glassy film in contact with the mould are of main interest.Therefore,various investigation methods are implemented to characterize different slag properties related to crystallization:a viscometer for determining the break temperature,differential thermal analysis(DTA),confocal scanning laser microscopy,and the water-cooled copper finger test.For near-service conditions,DHTT reveals the most detailed information,including not only the crystallization or devitrification temperature but also the morphology as well as the crystallization velocity.Due to improvements in the device and the representation of the results,a comparison of different samples is possible.Nevertheless,the application field of SHTT/DHTT is restricted to slag systems with low contents of evaporating components.Furthermore,the time required for data analysis is significantly longer than that required for other methods,e.g.DTA.Therefore,the application of DHTT is mainly advisable for mould slag research and development,whereas DTA can also be used for incoming inspections.

Identification of secondary raw materials in mold powders and their melting behavior

Commercial mold powders use a limited number of main mineral constituents,but may differ significantly in chemical composition.The main mineral raw materials of specimens investigated here are quartz,fluorite and free carbon,as well as wollastonite and carbonates.The investigations revealed the use of secondary raw materials like blast furnace slag,fly ash,glass scrap and phosphorous slag as further components.Since the formation of cuspidine was one major point of interest,the influence of the silica source on its formation was identified.A replacement of wollastonite by blast furnace slag reduced the temperature of the first precipitation of cuspidine by about 100℃;the dissociation of sodium carbonate was lowered by-40℃.The lowest temperature of the first Na2CO3 dissociation could be achieved by using fluorine in combination with blast furnace slag.Cuspidine formation from the melt is further decreased if sodium and fluorine are both present.The use of glass scrap and phosphorous slag strongly reduced the temperature of first melt formation and enhanced cuspidine formation.