Vision and photoentrainment in fishes are vital for feeding,avoiding predation,spatial orientation,navigation,social communication and the synchronization of many homeostatic functions such as activity patterns and sl...Vision and photoentrainment in fishes are vital for feeding,avoiding predation,spatial orientation,navigation,social communication and the synchronization of many homeostatic functions such as activity patterns and sleep.The camera-like(image-forming)eyes of fishes are optimized to provide a clear view of their preferred ecological niche,while non-visual photoreceptors provide irradiance detection that mediates circadian photoentrainment,an endogenous time-keeping mechanism(biological clock)to respond to predictable changes in environmental conditions.Fish and fisheries are under pressure from both natural and anthropogenic perturbation,which in many cases alters the intensity and spectral composition of the light environment on which they depend for their survival.This review examines the effects of a changing light environment and turbidity on the health of fishes within a developmental and ecological context.Understanding the sensory environment of fishes is vital to predicting their responses and,ultimately,their resilience to environmental change and the potential for maintaining sustainable levels of biodiversity.展开更多
Despite over 70 years of research on shark repellents,few practical and reliable solutions to prevent shark attacks on humans or reduce shark bycatch and depredation in commercial fisheries have been developed.In larg...Despite over 70 years of research on shark repellents,few practical and reliable solutions to prevent shark attacks on humans or reduce shark bycatch and depredation in commercial fisheries have been developed.In large part,this deficiency stems from a lack of fundamental knowledge of the sensory cues that drive predatory behavior in sharks.However,the widespread use of shark repellents is also hampered by the physical constraints and technical or logistical difficulties of deploying substances or devices in an open-water marine environment to prevent an unpredictable interaction with a complex animal.Here,we summarize the key attributes of the various sensory systems of sharks and highlight residual knowledge gaps that are relevant to the development of effective shark repellents.We also review the most recent advances in shark repellent technology within the broader historical context of research on shark repellents and shark sensory systems.We conclude with suggestions for future research that may enhance the efficacy of shark repellent devices,in particular,the continued need for basic research on shark sensory biology and the use of a multi-sensory approach when developing or deploying shark repellent technology.展开更多
文摘Vision and photoentrainment in fishes are vital for feeding,avoiding predation,spatial orientation,navigation,social communication and the synchronization of many homeostatic functions such as activity patterns and sleep.The camera-like(image-forming)eyes of fishes are optimized to provide a clear view of their preferred ecological niche,while non-visual photoreceptors provide irradiance detection that mediates circadian photoentrainment,an endogenous time-keeping mechanism(biological clock)to respond to predictable changes in environmental conditions.Fish and fisheries are under pressure from both natural and anthropogenic perturbation,which in many cases alters the intensity and spectral composition of the light environment on which they depend for their survival.This review examines the effects of a changing light environment and turbidity on the health of fishes within a developmental and ecological context.Understanding the sensory environment of fishes is vital to predicting their responses and,ultimately,their resilience to environmental change and the potential for maintaining sustainable levels of biodiversity.
基金NSH and SPC are supported by The University of Western Australia,The Western Australian State Government,The Sea World Research and Rescue Foundation,and the Australian Research Council.
文摘Despite over 70 years of research on shark repellents,few practical and reliable solutions to prevent shark attacks on humans or reduce shark bycatch and depredation in commercial fisheries have been developed.In large part,this deficiency stems from a lack of fundamental knowledge of the sensory cues that drive predatory behavior in sharks.However,the widespread use of shark repellents is also hampered by the physical constraints and technical or logistical difficulties of deploying substances or devices in an open-water marine environment to prevent an unpredictable interaction with a complex animal.Here,we summarize the key attributes of the various sensory systems of sharks and highlight residual knowledge gaps that are relevant to the development of effective shark repellents.We also review the most recent advances in shark repellent technology within the broader historical context of research on shark repellents and shark sensory systems.We conclude with suggestions for future research that may enhance the efficacy of shark repellent devices,in particular,the continued need for basic research on shark sensory biology and the use of a multi-sensory approach when developing or deploying shark repellent technology.
