Drilling mud is a major concerning element due to its high operational and economic impact on the drilling process.Various additives are introduced to enhance the efficiency of drilling fluid,but none of them could pe...Drilling mud is a major concerning element due to its high operational and economic impact on the drilling process.Various additives are introduced to enhance the efficiency of drilling fluid,but none of them could perfectly achieve their proposed efficacy in drilling operations.Researchers conceived several nanoparticles(NPs)in drilling fluid to dissolve this issue.In a singular instance,commercial tin oxide(SnO_(2))nanoparticles were utilized to analyze the influence of NPs on the rheological and filtration properties of inorganic KCl salt-based drilling fluid.However,the effect of SnO_(2) NPs on mud lubricity characteristics is not studied previously.However,due to the hazardous behavior of KCl,its use is very limited.Thus,we consider a KCl-free bentonite water-based mud to avoid any environmental damages from drilling operations.We also use SnO_(2) NPs that is synthesized in our laboratory by co-precipitation method.In addition to rheological and filtration properties,we also investigate the effect of NPs on mud's lubricity that was not considered in the previous study.Drilling fluid properties are measured at five different NPs concentrations of 0.10,0.25,0.50,0.75&1.0 wt%,and at six different temperatures of 30,40,50,60,70,and 80°C,while filtration properties are measured using API low-pressure low temperature(LPLT)condition.The addition of 0.1 wt%SnO_(2) NPs increases plastic viscosity,yield point,10 s gel strength,and 10 min gel strength by 10%,63%,20%,and 14%,respectively.The maximum reduction in lubricity coefficient is found to be 14%at NPs concentration of 1.0 wt%.The NPs concentration of 0.5 wt%yielded a reduction in fluid loss and mud cake thickness by 8.1%and 34%,respectively.The study suggests that SnO_(2) NPs can be employed as an additive to improve the rheology,lubricity,and filtration properties of KCl-free bentonite water-based drilling mud.展开更多
The deterioration of drilling fluid properties during deep drilling causes problems like inefficient cutting removal,fluid invasion,and shale swelling,which increases non-productive time(NPT)and cost.Recently nanopart...The deterioration of drilling fluid properties during deep drilling causes problems like inefficient cutting removal,fluid invasion,and shale swelling,which increases non-productive time(NPT)and cost.Recently nanoparticles(NPs)based drilling fluid are introduced to address these impediments since these particles prove their advantages in different stages of petroleum exploration and recovery.Previous developments are concerned with the use of commercial zinc oxide(ZnO)NPs in inorganic KCl salt-based drilling fluid,although application of KCl in drilling fluid arouses environmental complications.In this study,ZnO NPs prepared in the laboratory are used in water-based drilling fluid(WBDF)to assess the effect of nanoparticles on the properties of drilling fluid at two temperature conditions of 40C and 80C.A base mud is formulated,and ZnO NPs with five different concentrations of 0.05,0.1,0.5,1.0,and 2.0 wt%are mixed with the base mud.The experimental analysis shows that NPs improve the rheological properties of WBDF.When the concentration of NPs was 0.1 wt%,the yield point increased by 61.54%at 40C,and when the concentration of NPs was 0.05 wt%,the yield point increased by 60%at 80C.Besides,when the concentration of NPs is 0.05 wt%,10-sec gel strengths are enhanced by 25%and 50%at 40C and 80C,respectively.The API low-pressure low-temperature(LPLT)filter volume is not significantly affected by the addition of NPs in WBDF.However,mud cake thickness continuously reduces with the increase of NPs concentrations.This result reveals that a superior rheological improvement is achieved at low NPs concentration(0.05 wt%)at higher temperature.展开更多
文摘Drilling mud is a major concerning element due to its high operational and economic impact on the drilling process.Various additives are introduced to enhance the efficiency of drilling fluid,but none of them could perfectly achieve their proposed efficacy in drilling operations.Researchers conceived several nanoparticles(NPs)in drilling fluid to dissolve this issue.In a singular instance,commercial tin oxide(SnO_(2))nanoparticles were utilized to analyze the influence of NPs on the rheological and filtration properties of inorganic KCl salt-based drilling fluid.However,the effect of SnO_(2) NPs on mud lubricity characteristics is not studied previously.However,due to the hazardous behavior of KCl,its use is very limited.Thus,we consider a KCl-free bentonite water-based mud to avoid any environmental damages from drilling operations.We also use SnO_(2) NPs that is synthesized in our laboratory by co-precipitation method.In addition to rheological and filtration properties,we also investigate the effect of NPs on mud's lubricity that was not considered in the previous study.Drilling fluid properties are measured at five different NPs concentrations of 0.10,0.25,0.50,0.75&1.0 wt%,and at six different temperatures of 30,40,50,60,70,and 80°C,while filtration properties are measured using API low-pressure low temperature(LPLT)condition.The addition of 0.1 wt%SnO_(2) NPs increases plastic viscosity,yield point,10 s gel strength,and 10 min gel strength by 10%,63%,20%,and 14%,respectively.The maximum reduction in lubricity coefficient is found to be 14%at NPs concentration of 1.0 wt%.The NPs concentration of 0.5 wt%yielded a reduction in fluid loss and mud cake thickness by 8.1%and 34%,respectively.The study suggests that SnO_(2) NPs can be employed as an additive to improve the rheology,lubricity,and filtration properties of KCl-free bentonite water-based drilling mud.
文摘The deterioration of drilling fluid properties during deep drilling causes problems like inefficient cutting removal,fluid invasion,and shale swelling,which increases non-productive time(NPT)and cost.Recently nanoparticles(NPs)based drilling fluid are introduced to address these impediments since these particles prove their advantages in different stages of petroleum exploration and recovery.Previous developments are concerned with the use of commercial zinc oxide(ZnO)NPs in inorganic KCl salt-based drilling fluid,although application of KCl in drilling fluid arouses environmental complications.In this study,ZnO NPs prepared in the laboratory are used in water-based drilling fluid(WBDF)to assess the effect of nanoparticles on the properties of drilling fluid at two temperature conditions of 40C and 80C.A base mud is formulated,and ZnO NPs with five different concentrations of 0.05,0.1,0.5,1.0,and 2.0 wt%are mixed with the base mud.The experimental analysis shows that NPs improve the rheological properties of WBDF.When the concentration of NPs was 0.1 wt%,the yield point increased by 61.54%at 40C,and when the concentration of NPs was 0.05 wt%,the yield point increased by 60%at 80C.Besides,when the concentration of NPs is 0.05 wt%,10-sec gel strengths are enhanced by 25%and 50%at 40C and 80C,respectively.The API low-pressure low-temperature(LPLT)filter volume is not significantly affected by the addition of NPs in WBDF.However,mud cake thickness continuously reduces with the increase of NPs concentrations.This result reveals that a superior rheological improvement is achieved at low NPs concentration(0.05 wt%)at higher temperature.
