The major part of the eastern coastline of Red Sea belongs to Saudi Arabia, which provides great potential for desalination activities, but not entirely free of risk as in general it is not environment-friendly. In re...The major part of the eastern coastline of Red Sea belongs to Saudi Arabia, which provides great potential for desalination activities, but not entirely free of risk as in general it is not environment-friendly. In recent years, the rapid urbanization processes on west coast of Kingdom have resulted in substantial growth of commercial and industrial centers that added to more water demand. As a consequence, reliance on desalinated water has increased markedly over the last few decades. As a leading producer of desalinated water, Saudi Arabia used to process more than 3.29 million m3/day from its plants along the Red Sea coast. At the same time, any adequate backup plan lacks to meet regular water demand(s) in case of unforeseen emergencies. Present integrated research studies have identified some of the natural and anthropogenic hazards, which may pose major threats to quality of seawater as well as to the desalination facilities themselves. In view of these hazardous conditions, the overwhelming dependence on seawater desalination appears to be in jeopardy and may affect water management strategy and future socioeconomic development. It is therefore suggested the need of alternate options for cultivation of standby water resources and other management strategies parallel to the seawater desalination on similar priorities.展开更多
Indus Canyon is one of the most prominent sub-aqueous features of the Indus Delta. Indus River, originating from the Manasarovour Lake, hosting at the foot of high Himalayan Mountains Glaciers, forms a huge delta afte...Indus Canyon is one of the most prominent sub-aqueous features of the Indus Delta. Indus River, originating from the Manasarovour Lake, hosting at the foot of high Himalayan Mountains Glaciers, forms a huge delta after travelling more than 300 km at the north eastern coastline of the Arabian Sea. In view to assess the temporal geomorphic change associated with the Indus Canyon, a study has been carried out based on the bathymetric surveyed data compiled in 1895 and satellite data compiled in 1998. The result of the study shows distinct changes in the orientation of the Indus submarine Canyon. Moreover, significant erosional activities have also been identified, associated with the Canyon channel and the channel’s walls. Canyon’s head has shifted westward rotating about 22°. In addition, the chronological study of the water flow and sediment discharge of the Indus River shows a drastic decline in the flow of river water into the Indus Delta and the sea. This phenomenon appears to modify the fluvial as well as marine dynamics of Indus River consequently affecting the Indus Canyon on a significant scale.展开更多
文摘The major part of the eastern coastline of Red Sea belongs to Saudi Arabia, which provides great potential for desalination activities, but not entirely free of risk as in general it is not environment-friendly. In recent years, the rapid urbanization processes on west coast of Kingdom have resulted in substantial growth of commercial and industrial centers that added to more water demand. As a consequence, reliance on desalinated water has increased markedly over the last few decades. As a leading producer of desalinated water, Saudi Arabia used to process more than 3.29 million m3/day from its plants along the Red Sea coast. At the same time, any adequate backup plan lacks to meet regular water demand(s) in case of unforeseen emergencies. Present integrated research studies have identified some of the natural and anthropogenic hazards, which may pose major threats to quality of seawater as well as to the desalination facilities themselves. In view of these hazardous conditions, the overwhelming dependence on seawater desalination appears to be in jeopardy and may affect water management strategy and future socioeconomic development. It is therefore suggested the need of alternate options for cultivation of standby water resources and other management strategies parallel to the seawater desalination on similar priorities.
文摘Indus Canyon is one of the most prominent sub-aqueous features of the Indus Delta. Indus River, originating from the Manasarovour Lake, hosting at the foot of high Himalayan Mountains Glaciers, forms a huge delta after travelling more than 300 km at the north eastern coastline of the Arabian Sea. In view to assess the temporal geomorphic change associated with the Indus Canyon, a study has been carried out based on the bathymetric surveyed data compiled in 1895 and satellite data compiled in 1998. The result of the study shows distinct changes in the orientation of the Indus submarine Canyon. Moreover, significant erosional activities have also been identified, associated with the Canyon channel and the channel’s walls. Canyon’s head has shifted westward rotating about 22°. In addition, the chronological study of the water flow and sediment discharge of the Indus River shows a drastic decline in the flow of river water into the Indus Delta and the sea. This phenomenon appears to modify the fluvial as well as marine dynamics of Indus River consequently affecting the Indus Canyon on a significant scale.
