Multi-Objective Optimization of External Louvers in Buildings

Because solar energy is among the renewable energies,it has traditionally been used to provide lighting in buildings.When solar energy is effectively utilized during the day,the environment is not only more comfortable for users,but it also utilizes energy more efficiently for both heating and cooling purposes.Because of this,increasing the building’s energy efficiency requires first controlling the amount of light that enters the space.Considering that the only parts of the building that come into direct contact with the sun are the windows,it is essential to make use of louvers in order to regulate the amount of sunlight that enters the building.Through the use of Ant Colony Optimization(ACO),the purpose of this study is to estimate the proportions and technical specifications of external louvers,as well as to propose a model for designing the southern openings of educational space in order to maximize energy efficiency and intelligent consumption,as well as to ensure that the appropriate amount of light is provided.According to the findings of this research,the design of external louvers is heavily influenced by a total of five distinct aspects:the number of louvers,the depth of the louvers,the angle of rotation of the louvers,the distance between the louvers and the window,and the reflection coefficient of the louvers.The results of the 2067 simulated case study show that the best reflection rates of the louvers are between 0 and 15 percent,and the most optimal distance between the louvers and the window is in the range of 0 to 18 centimeters.Additionally,the results show that the best distance between the louvers and the window is in the range of 0 to 18 centimeters.

Intelligent System Application to Monitor the Smart City Building Lighting

A smart city incorporates infrastructure methods that are environmentally responsible,such as smart communications,smart grids,smart energy,and smart buildings.The city administration has prioritized the use of cutting-edge technology and informatics as the primary strategy for enhancing service quality,with energy resources taking precedence.To achieve optimal energy management in themultidimensional system of a city tribe,it is necessary not only to identify and study the vast majority of energy elements,but also to define their implicit interdependencies.This is because optimal energy management is required to reach this objective.The lighting index is an essential consideration when evaluating the comfort indicators.In order to realize the concept of a smart city,the primary objective of this research is to create a system for managing and monitoring the lighting index.It is possible to identify two distinct phaseswithin the intelligent system.Once data collection concludes,the monitoring system will be activated.In the second step,the operation of the control system is analyzed and its effect on the performance of the numerical model is determined.This evaluation is based on the proposed methodology.The optimized resultswere deemed satisfactory because they maintained the brightness index value(79%)while consuming less energy.The intelligent implementation system generated satisfactory outcomes,which were observed 1.75 times on average.

Optimal Location to Use Solar Energy in an Urban Situation

This study conducted in Lima, Peru, a combination of spatial decisionmaking system and machine learning was utilized to identify potentialsolar power plant construction sites within the city. Sundial measurementsof solar radiation, precipitation, temperature, and altitude were collectedfor the study. Gene Expression Programming (GEP), which is based on theevolution of intelligent models, and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) wereboth utilized in this investigation, and the results obtained from each werecompared. Eighty percent of the data was utilized during the training phase,while the remaining twenty percent was utilized during the testing phase. Onthe basis of the findings, it was determined that the GEP is the most suitablenetwork for predicting the location. The test state’s Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(NSE) was 0.90, and its root-mean-square error (RMSE) was 0.04. Followingthe generation of the final map based on the results of the GEP model, itwas determined that 9.2% of the province’s study area is suitable for theconstruction of photovoltaic solar power plants, while 53.5% is acceptable and37.3% is unsuitable. The ANN model reveals that only 1.7% of the study areais suitable for the construction of photovoltaic solar power plants, while 66.8%is acceptable and 31.5% is unsuitable.

Functional Analysis of <I>Telajakan</I>Plants and Space in Northern Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia

Bali Island, Indonesia, is undergoing rapid land use changes owing to tourism-related development and urbanization. Consequently, urban green spaces, which provide a myriad of benefits to residents, are disappearing and deteriorating. Focusing on telajakan, a strip of traditional green space between the frontal wall of a housing compound and a ditch/pedestrian path in a roadside, the study aims: 1) to investigate and document the changes that are occurring with regards to telajakan in Denpasar, Bali and 2) to evaluate the functions of the plantings in telajakan. The research methods include literature review on traditional green spaces in Bali, vegetation survey at a lot scale, and homeowner interviews with the help of local experts. The study found that: 1) aesthetics, economics, and rituals are the top three functions provided by the telajakan plants with aesthetic function being by far the most provided function;2) species diversity does not correspond with functional diversity;and 3) telajakan space itself is often minimized or sometimes lost completely for more inner, privatized space or for vehicle parking lot for shop owners. Since telajakan is an important component of traditional Balinese architecture, its loss, degradation, and marginalization necessarily lead to the loss of Balinese culture and identity. This study hints, however, a new form of social interaction through aesthetically-pleasing telajakan. Also, functional diversity, which is arguably as important as species diversity, can be maintained by carefully selecting indigenous species with multiple functions.

Improving the transition capability of the low-voltage wind turbine in the sub-synchronous state using a fuzzy controller

The main problem of wind turbines is associated with induction generators in their power supply during short circuits in the grid.In this research,a new method is presented for the uninterrupted operation of a wind turbine equipped with an induction generator fed on both sides of feeding during network errors.Wind farms equipped with a doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG)require two abilities to allow system operators to increase proficiency.These capabilities include fault ride-through and synchronization of output force fluctuations,especially when these generators generate significant electrical power.A MATLAB®software environment has been used to evaluate and improve the performance of these turbines.A fuzzy complement(FC)controller is used to improve the performance of the DFIG.The results demonstrate that this controller limits the operation of the turbine current and voltage in the short-circuit mode well.Regarding results obtained from comparing two different modes,it can be said that ripple is 4%in the FC mode,while this parameter is equal to 10%for the proportional-integral controller.