Collecting baseline information on how laboratories perform testing is a reasonable first step towards establishing intra- and inter-laboratory standardization and quality control for semen analysis. We carried out a ...Collecting baseline information on how laboratories perform testing is a reasonable first step towards establishing intra- and inter-laboratory standardization and quality control for semen analysis. We carried out a survey of the laboratories performing the testing in China's Mainland. A questionnaire, composed of 36 questions covering all aspects of semen analysis, was designed, and a copy was distributed to each of the 145 laboratories. Of these, 118 laboratories completed the questionnaires. The survey results showed that semen volume was measured visually in 53.6% （59/110） of the responding laboratories, and 70.9% （73/103） of laboratories analysed incompletely liquefied semen without any treatment. In addition, both manual-microscopic and computer-assisted semen-analysis systems were applied to analyse sperm concentration, motility and morphology. However, more than five methods were employed in routine sperm staining. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was commonly used for determining whether antisperm antibodies were present. Several seminal biochemical markers were analysed in only 27.1% （32/118） of the responding laboratories. Generally, there was a lack of intra- and inter-laboratory quality control measures for semen analysis in all laboratories responding to this survey. In conclusion, the methods of semen analysis and the interpretation of test results in the surveyed laboratories differed markedly. In particular, many laboratories employed methods other than those recommended by the World Health Organization Laboratory Manual for the Examination of Human Semen and Sperm- cervical Mucus Interaction （1999）. These findings suggest an urgent need for the standardization of semen analysis with acceptable quality controls for each parameter to make the results repeatable and meaningful.展开更多
Better understanding of the immunological mechanisms implying the insemination and the infertility of some menand women is needed and crucial to the development of an effective immunocontraceptive method. To provide g...Better understanding of the immunological mechanisms implying the insemination and the infertility of some menand women is needed and crucial to the development of an effective immunocontraceptive method. To provide goodprotection against conception or infection, and avoid any possible and unexpected comlications which immunocontra-ceptive 'vaccine' may arise of , it seems the right time for scientists to create a virtually new thinking for this extremelyurgent and important issue. This conceptual article describes our original thoughts of the future development of im-munocntraceptives, preferably, based on immunoglobulins rather than vaccines, against human sperm specific antigensand seminal plasma immunosuppressive factors. Its general correctness, advantages and feasibility for fertility regula-tion and prevention of infection are discussed. (Asian J Androl 1999 Sep; 1: 87-93)展开更多
文摘Collecting baseline information on how laboratories perform testing is a reasonable first step towards establishing intra- and inter-laboratory standardization and quality control for semen analysis. We carried out a survey of the laboratories performing the testing in China's Mainland. A questionnaire, composed of 36 questions covering all aspects of semen analysis, was designed, and a copy was distributed to each of the 145 laboratories. Of these, 118 laboratories completed the questionnaires. The survey results showed that semen volume was measured visually in 53.6% （59/110） of the responding laboratories, and 70.9% （73/103） of laboratories analysed incompletely liquefied semen without any treatment. In addition, both manual-microscopic and computer-assisted semen-analysis systems were applied to analyse sperm concentration, motility and morphology. However, more than five methods were employed in routine sperm staining. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was commonly used for determining whether antisperm antibodies were present. Several seminal biochemical markers were analysed in only 27.1% （32/118） of the responding laboratories. Generally, there was a lack of intra- and inter-laboratory quality control measures for semen analysis in all laboratories responding to this survey. In conclusion, the methods of semen analysis and the interpretation of test results in the surveyed laboratories differed markedly. In particular, many laboratories employed methods other than those recommended by the World Health Organization Laboratory Manual for the Examination of Human Semen and Sperm- cervical Mucus Interaction （1999）. These findings suggest an urgent need for the standardization of semen analysis with acceptable quality controls for each parameter to make the results repeatable and meaningful.
文摘Better understanding of the immunological mechanisms implying the insemination and the infertility of some menand women is needed and crucial to the development of an effective immunocontraceptive method. To provide goodprotection against conception or infection, and avoid any possible and unexpected comlications which immunocontra-ceptive 'vaccine' may arise of , it seems the right time for scientists to create a virtually new thinking for this extremelyurgent and important issue. This conceptual article describes our original thoughts of the future development of im-munocntraceptives, preferably, based on immunoglobulins rather than vaccines, against human sperm specific antigensand seminal plasma immunosuppressive factors. Its general correctness, advantages and feasibility for fertility regula-tion and prevention of infection are discussed. (Asian J Androl 1999 Sep; 1: 87-93)
