Pleiotropic attenuating effect of Ginkgo biloba against isoprenalineinduced myocardial infarction via improving Bcl-2/mTOR/ERK1/2/Na^(+) , K^(+) -ATPase activities

Objective:Myocardial infarction(MI)is linked to an imbalance in the supply and demand of blood oxygen in the heart muscles.Beta-blockers and calcium antagonists are just two of the common medications used to treat MI.However,these have reportedly been shown to be either ineffective or to have undesirable side effects.Extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves(GBE),a Chinese herbal product offers special compatibility benefits in therapeutic settings relating to inflammatory diseases and oxidative stress.In order to better understand how GBE affects MI in rats insulted by isoprenaline(ISO),the current study was designed.Methods:The heart weight index,serum lipid profile,cardiac marker enzymes,endogenous antioxidants[catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione(GSH),nitrites and malondialdehyde(MDA)],inflammatory mediators[tumour necrosis factor alpha(TNF-a)and interleukin-6(IL-6)],immunohistochemical expressions of B-cell lymphoma factor-2(Bcl-2),extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK1/2),and mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)and histopathological analysis were used to assess the cardioprotective properties of GBE.Results:The findings showed that GBE effectively attenuated myocardial infarction by boosting the body’s natural antioxidant defense system and reducing the release of inflammatory cytokines as well as heart injury marker enzymes.The expression of Bcl-2,ERK1/2 and mTOR was increased while the histomorphological alterations were reversed.Conclusion:The cardioprotective effects of GBE may be due to a mechanism involving increased Bcl-2/mTOR/ERK1/2/Na^(+),K^(+)-ATPase activity.

Ginkgo biloba supplement modulates mTOR/ERK1/2 activities to mediate cardio-protection in cyclosporin-A-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats

Background:Cyclosporine-A(Cs-A),an immunosuppressant drug indicated for organ transplant patients has been associated with toxicities arising from activation of pathological signalling.Meanwhile Ginkgo biloba supplement(GBS)is an antioxidant-enhancing herbal product widely used for treating neurological and vascular dysfunctions.Objectives:This study investigated the ameliorative effect of GBS on cyclosporine-A induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats.Methods:The study included 20 Wistar rats(n=5)and they were treated as follows:group 1 received distilled water(10 mL/kg),group 2 received Cs-A(25 mg/kg),group 3 received GBS(50 mg/kg)and group 4 received Cs-A(25 mg/kg)and GBS(50 mg/kg).All treatment were done intraperitoneal for 14 days and thereafter,animals were euthanised and heart tissues were harvested for biochemical assays as well as immunohistochemical studies.Blood was also collected for serum biochemical studies.Results:Our results revealed that GBS reduces Cs-A induced increase of AST,ALT,ALP,LDH,and GGT levels in serum relative to Cs-A group.Also,increased oxido-nitrergic markers like MDA,NO,together with elevated concentrations of cholesterol,triglycerides,LDL,creatine kinase-MB,troponin-I,as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines(IL-6,and TNF-α)and heart weight index were reduced by GBS.The Cs-A induced suppression of low-density lipoprotein,antioxidant(GSH,SOD,CAT),Na-K ATPase activities and antiapoptotic element,Bcl-2 were increased by GBS.Additionally,signalling pathways including ERK1/2,and mTOR as well as ventricular thickness were significantly alleviated by GBS treatment.Conclusion:The findings suggest that GBS ameliorated Cs-A-induced cardiotoxicity by activating mTOR/ERK1/2 signalling pathways.