A rare triple concurrence of ureteric calculus and renal cell carcinoma in a horseshoe kidney

Horseshoe kidney is a rare anatomical variant with low clinical morbidity.However,the characteristic shape of horseshoe kidney causes significant anomalies within the vascular and collecting systems.This complicates the diagnosis and management of coexisting pathologies within the kidneys.Here,we report a rare case of concurrent diagnoses of ipsilateral ureteric calculus and renal cell carcinoma within a horseshoe kidney and describe the subsequent management rationale based on the current literature.

妊娠期风疹血清学的解释——陷阱和问题

妊娠最初12周感染风疹伴有90％的先天畸形的风险。尽管在许多发达国家由于疫苗接种计划的成功使风疹感染很少见,但在那些疫苗摄取低及许多没有疫苗接种计划的发展中国家,风疹仍持续发生。于是世界卫生组织鼓励所有国家评估他们的风疹情况并适当倡导免疫接种和监督。