Neutrophils in Rectal Cancer—A Review: Stage III Rectal Cancer Patients and 5-Fluorouracil Therapy. Introducing New Inclusion Criteria and Scoring System (Presenting the “Sarandria Score”)

This review is intended to shed new light on the role of neutrophils in colorectal cancer and in the meanwhile emphasize the differences between rectal and colon cancer, strengthen and highlight the possibility of a clinical prognostic and predictive scoring (Sarandria Score). A novel scoring system described in this review can be used as inclusion criteria and as a predictive and prognostic scoring for stage III rectal cancer patients. Background: Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is a major public health problem, representing the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and the second in females. Various studies have reported relevant differences related to CRC primary location site (right-sided colon, left-sided colon, rectum) including response to adjuvant chemotherapy and prognosis. In stage III CRC patients, previous findings showed that higher density of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) was associated with better response to 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Main topics: In this review, the current knowledge status on the role of neutrophils in colorectal cancer is assessed, including novel finding discovered by Dr. Nicola Sarandria on the role of neutrophils in rectal cancer. It includes different factors which point to an anti-tumoral role of neutrophils in rectal cancer when in presence of chemotherapeutic agents (such as 5-fluorouracil). The clinical significance of TANs was assessed and whether it can be different depended on the location of the primary CRC (right-sided colon, left-sided colon, rectum). Conclusions: This review officially highlights the possibility of a new clinical prognostic and predictive scoring (Sarandria Score) involving intratumoral neutrophilic infiltration in rectal cancer and the possibility of a new inclusion criterion based on this infiltrate for Stage III rectal cancer patients treated with 5-FU therapy. This review includes knowledge from data published on my medical degree thesis showing that higher levels of TANs densities were associated with better disease-free survival (DFS) in 5-FU treated patients affected by rectal cancer (while it was inversely related in patients without 5-FU therapy). This is also further evidence in support of a possible conceptual division of what is now known as colorectal cancer into two separate entities: colon and rectal cancer.

The Sarandria Score—Discussion of a New Scoring System in Clinical Medical Oncology

This paper focuses on discussing a novel scoring for stage III rectal cancer patients and all the challenges in creating and developing a clinical score. Background: It is fundamental in my opinion to give space to new generations of scientists, medical doctors and researchers to study and, backed with evidence-based information, improve the current knowledge of clinical medical science. It is fundamental for result obtained by medical researchers to bring their findings to the scientific community. Every scientific finding is of vital importance. In this essay a new Clinical Scoring system, the Sarandria Score, developed by myself is discussed, together with the methods and path in order for a young medical researcher with an idea to bring it to the scientific community. Main topics: Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is a major public health problem, representing the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and the second in females. Various studies have reported relevant differences related to CRC primary location site (right-sided colon, left-sided colon, rectum) including response to adjuvant chemotherapy and prognosis. In stage III CRC patients, previous findings showed that higher density of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) was associated with better response to 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Novel findings were discovered by Dr Nicola Sarandria on the role of neutrophils in rectal cancer, which include different factors which point to an anti-tumoral role of neutrophils in rectal cancer when in presence of chemotherapeutic agents (5-fluorouracil). The clinical significance of TANs was assessed and whether it can be different depended on the location of the primary CRC (right-sided colon, left-sided colon, rectum). Conclusions: This essay officially discusses a new clinical prognostic and predictive scoring (Sarandria Score) involving intratumoral neutrophilic infiltration in rectal cancer and the possibility of a new inclusion criteria based on this infiltrate for Stage III rectal cancer patients treated with 5-FU therapy. This paper includes data published on my medical degree thesis and in a previous review (on Journal of Cancer Therapy) showing that higher levels of TANs densities were associated with better disease-free survival (DFS) in 5-FU treated patients affected by rectal cancer (while it was inversely related in patients without 5-FU therapy). This was also as further evidence in support possible conceptual division of what is now known as Colorectal cancer into Colon and Rectal cancer.

Omega 3 Fatty Acids, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention—An Essay

This is an essay focused on discussing parts of the current state of knowledge and research in the field of Omega 3, Inflammation and cardiovascular diseases prevention. For a long time, Omega 3 has been considered a health-promoting and beneficial substance for well-being and longevity. New studies have shed new light on the role of omega 3 in cardiovascular diseases prevention and anti-inflammatory effects.

A Literature Review in Immuno-Oncology: Pathophysiological and Clinical Features of Colorectal Cancer and the Role of the Doctor-Patient Interaction

This review is intended to describe the features of colorectal cancer both in terms of pathophysiology and clinical features of the pathology. It also describes the anatomical and clinical features of different primary tumor locations in colorectal cancer. It is also to note how relevant it is to identify rectal cancer and colon cancer as different pathologies due to the clinical, pathophysiological and immuno-oncological features of rectal cancer compared to the ones of colon cancer while remarking the importance of medical doctors in the interaction with oncological patients. Background: Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is a major public health problem, representing the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and the second in females and it is fundamental to note and discuss doctor-patient interaction, fundamental for proper adherence and psychological status of the oncological patient, when discussing such important and impactful pathologies. Conclusions: This review highlights the possibility of an update in the terminology of Colorectal Cancer (CRC) into different clinically relevant pathologies within the umbrella term colorectal cancer (for instance rectal and colon cancer as different tumors). It also remarks on the importance of medical doctors in the interaction with oncological patients.