控制系统迁移

最优方法指南是控制系统迁移计划的最佳拍档,因为这种项目的实施,绝不是跟着感觉走就行的。以下的指南能帮助您从始至终、精确有效地完成您的控制系统迁移项目的策划和实施,并缩减项目的日程计划，降低其风险。这些实践经验同时也能改进更新完成后的工厂运营情况，尤其在提高操作人员的效率方面。

Rethinking and strengthening the Global Health Diplomacy through triangulated nexus between policy makers,scientists and the community in light of COVID-19 global crisis

The COVID-19 pandemic is considerably the biggest global health challenge of this modern era.Spreading across all regions of the world,this corona virus disease has disrupted even some of the most advanced economies and healthcare systems.With an increasing global death toll and no near end in sight,questions on the efficacy of global response mechanisms,including the role and relevancy of global health institutions,have emerged.Using a reflexive content analytic approach,this study sheds light on some of these questions,underscoring the disconnect between science,policymaking,and society.Global health funding approaches;politicization of the pandemic,including political blame gaming;mistrust of government and other institutions;and a lack of robust accountability measures are some of the pandemic response obstacles.However,COVID-19 has also presented an opportunity for a collaboration that may potentially solidify global solidarity.A pandemic response built on strategic global health diplomacy,vaccine diplomacy,and science diplomacy can spur both political and economic benefits,advancing development,health security,and justice.The virus thrives and flourishes in face of political divisions and lack of cooperation.While the current global crisis has exacerbated the existing social injustices in societies,national unity and global solidarity is essential to winning the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.

Evidence on result-based financing in maternal and child health in low-and middle-income countries:a systematic review

Introduction:Result-Based Financing(RBF)is an umbrella term for financial mechanisms that link incentives to outputs or outcomes.International development agencies are promoting RBF as a viable financing approach for the realization of universal health coverage,with numerous pilot trials,particularly in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs).There is limited synthesized evidence on the performance of these mechanisms and the reasons for the lack of RBF institutionalization.This study aims to review the evidence of RBF schemes that have been scaled or institutionalized at a national level,focusing on maternal,newborn,and child health(MNCH)programming in LMICs.Methods:A systematic literature review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines.The authors identified and reviewed country-level RBF evaluation reports for the period between January 2000 and June 2019.Data were extracted from both published and gray literature on RBF application in MNCH using a predesigned matrix.The matrix headers included country of application;program setting;coverage and duration;evaluation design and methods;outcome measures;and key findings.A content thematic analysis approach was used to synthesize the evidence and emerging issues.Results:The review identified 13 reports from 11 countries,predominantly from Sub-Saharan Africa.Performancebased financing was the most common form of RBF initiatives.The majority of evaluation designs were randomized trials.The evaluations focused on outputs,such as coverage and service utilization,rather than outcomes.RBF schemes in all 11 countries expanded their scope,either geographically or accordingly in terms of performance indicators.Furthermore,only three studies conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis,and only two included a discussion on RBF’s sustainability.Only three countries have institutionalized RBF into their national policy.On the basis of the experience of these three countries,the common enabling factors for institutionalization seem to be political will,domestic fund mobilization,and the incorporation of demand-side RBF tools.Conclusion:RBF evidence is still growing,partial,and inconclusive.This limited evidence may be one of the reasons why many countries are reluctant to institutionalize RBF.Additional research is needed,particularly regarding costeffectiveness,affordability,and sustainability of RBF programs.