A novel coronavirus of zoonotic origin(SARSCoV-2)has recently been recognized in patients with acute respiratory disease.COVID-19 causative agent is structurally and genetically similar to SARS and bat SARS-like coron...A novel coronavirus of zoonotic origin(SARSCoV-2)has recently been recognized in patients with acute respiratory disease.COVID-19 causative agent is structurally and genetically similar to SARS and bat SARS-like coronaviruses.The drastic increase in the number of coronavirus and its genome sequence have given us an unprecedented opportunity to perform bioinformatics and genomics analysis on this class of viruses.Clinical tests like PCR and ELISA for rapid detection of this virus are urgently needed for early identification of infected patients.However,these techniques are expensive and not readily available for point-of-care(POC)applications.Currently,lack of any rapid,available,and reliable POC detection method gives rise to the progression of COVID-19 as a horrible global problem.To solve the negative features of clinical investigation,we provide a brief introduction of the general features of coronaviruses and describe various amplification assays,sensing,biosensing,immunosensing,and aptasensing for the determination of various groups of coronaviruses applied as a template for the detection of SARS-CoV-2.All sensing and biosensing techniques developed for the determination of various classes of coronaviruses are useful to recognize the newly immerged coronavirus,i.e.,SARS-CoV-2.Also,the introduction of sensing and biosensing methods sheds light on the way of designing a proper screening system to detect the virus at the early stage of infection to tranquilize the speed and vastity of spreading.Among other approaches investigated among molecular approaches and PCR or recognition of viral diseases,LAMP-based methods and LFAs are of great importance for their numerous benefits,which can be helpful to design a universal platform for detection of future emerging pathogenic viruses.展开更多
Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus(HPV),including HPV-16 and HPV-18,is the main cause of malignancies,such as cervical cancer.Viral oncoproteins encoded by HPV are expressed in HPV-positive cancers and asso...Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus(HPV),including HPV-16 and HPV-18,is the main cause of malignancies,such as cervical cancer.Viral oncoproteins encoded by HPV are expressed in HPV-positive cancers and associated with the early cancer stages and the transformation of normal cells.The signaling pathways involved in the transformation of normal cells to cancerous form and the subsequently expressed programmed cell death-ligand 1(PD-L1)on the surface of the transformed cells lead to a disruption in recognition of tumor cells by the immune cell system,including T lymphocytes and dendritic cells which lead to the development of cervical cancer malignancy.These cells also produce modest levels of cytokines during exhaustion,tumor-infiltrating T CD4+cells with high levels of PD-1 and CD39 release considerable quantities of cytokines.The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,which controls the expression of genes involved in the tumor cells’markers,is demonstrated to be one of the most potent cancer stimulants.It leads to the evasion of the tumor cells from immune cell detection and ultimately avoids being recognized by dendritic cells or T-cells.PD-L1,as an inhibitory immune checkpoint,is essential for controlling immune system activity by inhibiting T-cells’inflammatory function.In the present review,we looked into how Wnt/β-catenin affects the expression of PD-L1 and related genes like c-MYC in cancer cells and its role in the development of HPV-induced malignancy.We hypothesized that blocking these pathways could be a potential immunotherapy and cancer prevention method.展开更多
Cervical cancer is a growing global disease in developing countries.Persistent infection with human papillomaviruses(HPV)is an essential causative agent in this type of cancer.Several studies demonstrate HPV E5 oncopr...Cervical cancer is a growing global disease in developing countries.Persistent infection with human papillomaviruses(HPV)is an essential causative agent in this type of cancer.Several studies demonstrate HPV E5 oncoprotein can impress the normal life cycle of HPV-infected cells by targeting some pivotal cellular signaling pathways,such as the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)signaling pathway.In this study,we used E5-siRNA to knockdown that essential oncogene and considered the effect of E5 silencing on proliferation,apoptosis,cell cycle,apoptosis-related gene expression,and the initiator of the EGFR signaling pathway in cervical cancer cells.The results demonstrate that E5 plays an essential role in the proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in cervical cancer.Furthermore,silencing E5 reduces proliferation,increases apoptosis,and elevates related-genes expression of these malignant cells.Overall,E5 suppression may be appropriate for ameliorating cervical cancer progression.展开更多
基金Nanjing Forestry University[Grant Nos.163020139,164020818,163020217 and 16302023]National Natural Science Foundation of China(5201101466).
文摘A novel coronavirus of zoonotic origin(SARSCoV-2)has recently been recognized in patients with acute respiratory disease.COVID-19 causative agent is structurally and genetically similar to SARS and bat SARS-like coronaviruses.The drastic increase in the number of coronavirus and its genome sequence have given us an unprecedented opportunity to perform bioinformatics and genomics analysis on this class of viruses.Clinical tests like PCR and ELISA for rapid detection of this virus are urgently needed for early identification of infected patients.However,these techniques are expensive and not readily available for point-of-care(POC)applications.Currently,lack of any rapid,available,and reliable POC detection method gives rise to the progression of COVID-19 as a horrible global problem.To solve the negative features of clinical investigation,we provide a brief introduction of the general features of coronaviruses and describe various amplification assays,sensing,biosensing,immunosensing,and aptasensing for the determination of various groups of coronaviruses applied as a template for the detection of SARS-CoV-2.All sensing and biosensing techniques developed for the determination of various classes of coronaviruses are useful to recognize the newly immerged coronavirus,i.e.,SARS-CoV-2.Also,the introduction of sensing and biosensing methods sheds light on the way of designing a proper screening system to detect the virus at the early stage of infection to tranquilize the speed and vastity of spreading.Among other approaches investigated among molecular approaches and PCR or recognition of viral diseases,LAMP-based methods and LFAs are of great importance for their numerous benefits,which can be helpful to design a universal platform for detection of future emerging pathogenic viruses.
基金supported by the Immunology Research Center,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences,Tabriz,Iran.
文摘Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus(HPV),including HPV-16 and HPV-18,is the main cause of malignancies,such as cervical cancer.Viral oncoproteins encoded by HPV are expressed in HPV-positive cancers and associated with the early cancer stages and the transformation of normal cells.The signaling pathways involved in the transformation of normal cells to cancerous form and the subsequently expressed programmed cell death-ligand 1(PD-L1)on the surface of the transformed cells lead to a disruption in recognition of tumor cells by the immune cell system,including T lymphocytes and dendritic cells which lead to the development of cervical cancer malignancy.These cells also produce modest levels of cytokines during exhaustion,tumor-infiltrating T CD4+cells with high levels of PD-1 and CD39 release considerable quantities of cytokines.The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,which controls the expression of genes involved in the tumor cells’markers,is demonstrated to be one of the most potent cancer stimulants.It leads to the evasion of the tumor cells from immune cell detection and ultimately avoids being recognized by dendritic cells or T-cells.PD-L1,as an inhibitory immune checkpoint,is essential for controlling immune system activity by inhibiting T-cells’inflammatory function.In the present review,we looked into how Wnt/β-catenin affects the expression of PD-L1 and related genes like c-MYC in cancer cells and its role in the development of HPV-induced malignancy.We hypothesized that blocking these pathways could be a potential immunotherapy and cancer prevention method.
基金supported by a grant from Tabriz University of Medical Sciences(Tbzmed)(376 and 1397).
文摘Cervical cancer is a growing global disease in developing countries.Persistent infection with human papillomaviruses(HPV)is an essential causative agent in this type of cancer.Several studies demonstrate HPV E5 oncoprotein can impress the normal life cycle of HPV-infected cells by targeting some pivotal cellular signaling pathways,such as the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)signaling pathway.In this study,we used E5-siRNA to knockdown that essential oncogene and considered the effect of E5 silencing on proliferation,apoptosis,cell cycle,apoptosis-related gene expression,and the initiator of the EGFR signaling pathway in cervical cancer cells.The results demonstrate that E5 plays an essential role in the proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in cervical cancer.Furthermore,silencing E5 reduces proliferation,increases apoptosis,and elevates related-genes expression of these malignant cells.Overall,E5 suppression may be appropriate for ameliorating cervical cancer progression.
